Download - Family Rhinidae Wedgefishes /Guitarfishes
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Family RhinidaeWedgefishes /Guitarfishes
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Taxonomy
Order Rhiniformes (or Rajiformes?)
Family Rhinidae (or Rhynchobatidae?)
Genus Rhynchobatus
R. djidennsis (giant guitarfish)* R.australiae (white-spotted guitarfish) R. laevis (smoothnose wedgefish) R. leubberti (African wedgefish) R. spp. nov. A (roughnose wedgefish) R. spp. nov. B (broadnose wedgefish)
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Morphology
seem to be intermediate between Pristidae and Rhinobatidae
elongated rostrum (without saw)
large, shark-like fins- 2 dorsal
batoid-like cephalic pectoral fins
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Morphology
dorsoventrally flattened
large spiracles near the eyes
size: TL ~300cm
R. australiae- color morphs in Indonesiadifferent species?
undescribed spp.A- “dwarf” species- 82cm TL
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Habitat and Distribution
Most: Indo-West-Pacific, especially IndonesiaR. luebberti- E. Atlantic
all species are inshore, coastal, usually ~35m deep
found near sandy beaches (KwaZulu-Natal, S. Africa) and along reef edges
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Reproduction
mature at 150cm TL, 60cm TL at birth
aplacental viviparous
~4 pups/litter
R. australiae- up to 19 pups/litter
probably low fecundity due to typical elasmo life history characteristics
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Prey
stomach contents: crab, bivalve molluscs
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Conservation
habitat destruction
bycatch (prawn fishery, Indonesia and KwaZulu-Natal)
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Conservation
targeted fisheries (fins, meat, Indonesia, Tanzania)probably among most highly desired chondrichthyans
high value fins, highly palatable meat
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Conservation
easily caught in bottom set gillnets, bottom trawls
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Conservation
“protective” shark nets (KwaZulu-Natal)- but many released alive
life history characteristics
females caught more than males
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Conservation
IUCN Redlist: all species vulnerable, R. leubberti- endangered (W. Africa)
likely to see decreasing trends due to limited distribution, continuation of unregulated fishing
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Literature CitedCompagno, L.J.V. & Marshall, A.D. 2006. Rhynchobatus luebberti. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 November 2007. Compagno, L.J.V. & Marshall, A.D. 2006. Rhynchobatus sp. nov. A. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 November 2007. Compagno, L.J.V. & Marshall, A.D. 2006. Rhynchobatus sp. nov. B. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 November 2007. McAuley, R. & Compagno, L.J.V. 2003. Rhynchobatus laevis. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 November 2007. McEachran, J.D. and N. Aschliman. 2004. Phylogeny of Batoidea. Pp. 79-114 in Biology of Sharks and
Their Relatives (J.C. Carrier, J.A. Musick, and M.R. Heithaus, eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Stobutzki, I.C., M.J. Miller, D.S. Heales, and D.T. Brewer. 2002. Sustainability of elasmobranchs caught asbycatch in a tropical prawn (shrimp) fishery. Fish. Bull. 100: 800-821.
White, W.T. and Dharmadi. 2007. Species and size compositions and reproductive biology of rays
(Chondrichthyes, Batoidea) caught in target and non-target fisheries in eastern Inodnesia.J. Fish Biol. 70: 1809-1837
White, W.T. & McAuley, R. 2003. Rhynchobatus australiae. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 November 2007.