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EVOLUTION AND MOVEMENT OF

FASHION

Recognize the relationship between historical events and fashion evolution.

Mood in 40's•World War II

– Women re-entered the workforce

– Parisian Fashion houses closed their doors due to German invasion of Paris

– American fashion designers emerged

– Shorter skirts– Sloppy Joe sweaters– Bikini introduced

Mood in 40's•World War II (cont.)–L-85 (General Limitations Order) restricted amount of fabric used in production of apparel.•Designers had to create fashions

that would remain stylish through multiple seasons.

•A new style of suits for women had short skirts and short jackets of twenty-five inches or less in length.

•Sheath evening dresses replaced the long flowing gowns of the thirties.

Mood in 40's•World War II (cont.)–Restrictions limited use of silk, wool, rubber, metal

–Tailored masculine-looking suit

–The young danced the jitterbug.

Mood in 40's

•World War II (cont.)–Postwar fashion freedom•Women wanted a return to more feminine designs.

•Christian Dior introduced the “New Look” with rounded shoulders, fuller bustlines, and fuller skirts fifteen inches off the ground.

•Paris was re-established as the center of the fashion world.

People who influenced fashion

•Christian Dior—designer of the “New Look”; first to license name

•Norman Norrell—winner of the first Coty American Fashion Critics Award; founder of CFDA

•Cristobal Balenciaga—known for huge evening coats, long, full skirts, pillbox hats, and chemise dresses

Mood in 50's•Korean War•Color television introduced•Rock-n-Roll explosion

– Teenagers emerged as a fashion voice.

– Leather jackets and T-shirts with the sleeves rolled up

– White shirts and blue jeans– Letter sweaters– Beatniks– American Bandstand– Elvis Presley appeared on The

Ed Sullivan Show.

Mood in 50's (cont.)

•Moving to the suburbs– Sportswear emerges– Pedal pushers, slacks, halters,

shirtwaist dresses– Cashmere sweaters with a

matching scarf– Poodle skirts– Single-breasted jackets, narrow

lapels, and natural shoulders– Tapered trousers and penny

loafers– Shopping malls are built.


•Ivy League look–Men wore neat single-breasted jackets with narrow lapels, pressed trousers, with white, yellow, or pale blue button-down collared shirts, and ties.

–Female students dressed in twin sweater sets, or Peter-Pan collared blouses and sweaters, with pencil-slim or pleated skirts.


•Hairstyles–Girls wore ponytails early in the decade. Later, the beehive was popular.

–Boys “trained” their hair into greased-back ducktails and carried a comb at all times.


•Shoes and accessories–Two-toned bucks–Bobby socks

People who influenced fashions

•Designer influence was significant– Dior—the A-line

silhouette for women

– Givenchy—the chemise or “sack” dress

– Claire McCardell—sashes, harem pajamas, bias-cut, dartless clothes

Mood in 60's

•Civil Rights Movement–Black Pride–The Afro–African prints–Dashiki: A loose, brightly-colored African tunic.


•Youthquake Revolution–Youth take ownership of the decade

–Mod look: Clothing with psychedelic colors and geometric designs.

–Go-Go Look with mini skirts, white go-go boots


•Election of John F. Kennedy– Youngest president in

history– The bare-headed

President Kennedy begins the demise of the men’s hat industry.

– First Lady Jackie Kennedy is the fashion icon of the decade wearing Chanel suits and simple dresses, pillbox hat, pearls, and low-heeled shoes.


•Man walks on the moon–Pierre Cardin and André Courreges are called the space age designers.

–Space age and futuristic looks appear on high fashion runways.


•Onset of the women’s liberation movement– See through blouses, no bra– Unisex look– Pantyhose introduced (Glen Raven Mills,

NC, 1959)


•Anti-war movement (Vietnam)–Hippie look, suede fringe jackets, appliquéd bell-bottom trousers, tie-dyed shirts, love beads, granny glasses, and peace symbols.

–Woodstock Festival

People who influenced fashions

•Decreased designer influence– Mary Quant—London designer

who introduced the miniskirt– Twiggy—skinny British model

who became the top model of the sixties

– Emilio Pucci—exotic, psychedelic, beautiful prints

– Yves St. Laurent—fresh approach to fashion with Mondrian-inspired shift dress

•Jackie Kennedy•Audrey Hepburn—classics such as the “little black dress”

Mood in 70's•Watergate Scandal•Vietnam war ends•Dawn of the Disco, Studio 54, Saturday Night Fever– John Travolta’s white suit

with an open-necked shirt.

– Platform shoes– Bell-bottom hip-hugger

pants– Hot pants with white go-

go boots

Mood in 70's•Punk Rock, short-lived anti-social and anti-fashion movement–Torn, frayed clothing–Body piercing–Spiked hair colored pink or green–T-shirts being worn as billboards

–Political statement designs

Mood in 70's•Rap and hip-hop emerge–Athletic clothes

–Track suits–Excessive amounts of gold jewelry

Mood in 70's•Ethnic influence–Macramé bags–Crochet waistcoats and shawls

–Ponchos–Gypsy tops with gathered necklines trimmed with bells and puffed sleeves

–Nehru jackets

Mood in 70's•“Me” decade, self indulgence–String bikini–Tight clothes–Men’s leisure suits

–Designer jeans–Hand-braided friendship bracelets

Mood in 70's•Feminism, sexual equality, women’s lib, equal rights– Bra burning– Women no longer wear

girdles– Women buy pantyhose– Women wear pants and

pantsuits– Double-knit polyester

man-made fabrics– Micro, mini, midi, and

maxi skirts

Mood in 70's•Shoes

–Platforms–Clogs

•Movies and their stars–Annie Hall—women wearing oversize men’s shirts, very long skirts, khaki pants, and men’s hats

–Grease—leather motorcycle jackets

Mood in 70's•Television

–Charlie’s Angels—Farrah Fawcett Major’s hair style and flared trousers

–Happy Days—Fonzie’s leather jacket, jeans, white shirt

–Dukes of Hazzard—Daisy Duke’s cutoff jean shorts


•Yves Saint Laurent—womenswear based on menswear

•Halston—use of cashmere

•Calvin Klein—denim jeans

•Mary McFadden—fine pleating

•Bill Blass—sporty, sophisticated classics

Mood in 80's

•Excess–Shoulder pads, retro 1940s–Big hair–Brand names appeared on outside of garment


•MTV–Music becomes visual–Videos become a major influence on apparel choices•Lace tops, tight skirts

•Bustier worn by Madonna


•Television influence–Dallas—jeans, boots, western shirts, and cowboy hat

–Dynasty—wide shoulder silhouettes

–Miami Vice —T-shirts worn under Armani suits, pastel colors for men

–General Hospital —Luke and Laura

–Lady Diana Spencer weds Prince Charles

–Diana’s wedding dress becomes one of the most copied in the world

Mood in 80's (cont..)•Workout craze, Jane Fonda

– Legwarmers, leotards, sneakers– Nike, Reebok– Women left their high-heels at

home and wore sneakers to work– Introduction of the thong bikini– Stirrup pants– Warm-up suits– Flashdance—increased the

popularity of legwarmers, sweatshirt fabric, and sweatshirts with cut out necks


•Punk–Dog collars–Mohawk hairstyles

–Leather jackets and chains

Mood in 90's

•Sandra Day O’Connor—first woman on Supreme Court

•AIDS first identified•Collapse of the Soviet Union and the expansion of overseas companies


•Longest bull market in Wall Street history–More luxurious fashions are introduced as people have more money to spend.

–More luxurious fabrics enter the market.


•Casual Friday—khakis, polos, loafers, jeans with company T-shirts worn to work

•Internet–Finger-tip access to global fashion information

–Online shopping


•Street Fashions–Hip-Hop style–Jeans, logo T-shirts, windbreakers, all oversized

–Body piercing–Tattooing–Doc Martens–Backpack purses


•Megabrands–Youthquake with Tommy Hilfiger

–FUBU–Banana Republic–J. Crew–Old Navy, The Gap, Abercrombie and Fitch

–Tweens (8 to 12 years old), Gap Kids, Limited Too


•Women’s competitive and adventure sports—Example: WNBA–Athletic shoes–Sports bras


•Princess Diana—most photographed woman ever

•Tommy Hilfiger—“brand image” designer

•Gianni Versace—designer with rock star type sex appeal

•Isaac Mizrahi—high-fashion designer whose line is sold exclusively by Target

•Ralph Lauren—“preppy” styles for men and women


•Music, movies, and television–Garth Brooks—western shirts–Shania Twain—bare midriffs and tight fitting clothes

–Back Street Boys—“oversized” clothes

–Madonna—the bustier–Jennifer Aniston—“Rachel” hairdo on Friends


–Russell Simmons—Phat Farm hip-hop clothing

–Sean John Combs (“P. Diddy”)—denim-based signature sportswear for men and boys

Mood in 21st

century

•Y2K—The Millennium Bug

•Unclear winner in the United States Presidential Election

•Firestone recalled tires•Microsoft ordered to split

•September 11, 2001 attack on the Twin Towers

•Taliban regime

Mood in 21st

century (cont.)

•Anthrax scare•Invasion of Iraq•Stem cell research•Number of AIDS victims rises

•Arnold Schwarzenegger became Governor of California

•Recording industry cracked down on people who illegally swapped more than 1,000 songs over the Internet

Mood in 21st

century (cont.)

•Saddam Hussein captured December 13, 2003

•Street wear–Low-rise jeans–Slashed T-shirts–Overtly sexual clothes

–Bling bling (big jewelry)

–Ugg boots

People who are influencing fashion

•Valentino•Paris Hilton•Rappers and Hip Hop artists in music videos— baggy pants, big jewelry (bling bling) and urban wear (Enyce, Rocawear, Baby Phat, Phat Farm)

People who are influencing fashion (cont.)

•Rappers and Hip Hop artists–Sean “P.Diddy” Combs

–Lil Kim—increased the popularity of wearing weave and wigs

–Camron—increased the popularity of males wearing the color pink

– Jay-Z—wearing earrings in both ears


•Film and popstars–Britney Spears—bare-midriff tops, skimpy skirts and shorts

–Janet Jackson—bare, sexy, metallic, urban streetwear


•Celebrities who have clothing lines–Beyonce Knowles–Jennifer Lopez–Sean Combs–Russell Simmons–Jessica Simpson–Reba McEntyre

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