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Fast Non-blocking N×N Optical Switch Using Diffractive MOEMS
P.-A. Blanche
http://www.optics.arizona.edu/pablanche/
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Market driver● Exponential increase of the data traffic due to cloud
computing, mobile devices (tablets, smartphones), social networking.
* Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2012–2017.http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html
“Internet of things”
1E15 B/M1E18 B/M
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Market driver● Up to 50% energy use in data center is for cooling.● “Most data centers spend as much in electricity than in hardware”.
Rodney C. Adkins, IBM Senior Vice President, Strategic Partnerships.
Microsoft CorpSource: McKinsey Report.“Revolutionising Data Center Efficiency”
Info-Tech: “Data Architecture and More Data”.
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Transition to new architecturesTelecom
Ring to mesh
Datacom
Rigid to flexible (SDN)
MUX/DMUX to CDC ROADM
Real to virtual
Packet switch to hybrid
WSS Cross Connect Switch
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Switch flavors
Input fiber
Output fiber bundle
Active switchelement
Dispersor
WSS Cross connect
Input fiber bundle
Output fiber bundle
Active switchelement
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Cross Connect- Leading technology -
● O-MEMS based● Mirrors on gimbals mount● Mirror reoriented to redirect the beam
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WSS-Leading technology-
Flexible grid
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DLP Switch
On-off switch, no redirection of the light
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Other technologies
● Acousto-optic modulator (Bragg gratings)● Piezo electric transducer● Liquid lens● ...
Metrics:● Number of ports (scalability)● Power consumption● Loss (6-9 dB)● Reconfiguration speed● Price per port
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TechnologyPort
countLoss speed Power Reliability
3D MEMS High Low ms 45 W Low
Micro-actuation Moderate Low ms 128W Good
LCoS High Low ms 1W High
DMD(on-off) High Low μs 1W High
Metrics table
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Texas Instruments DLP
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SpeedRefresh Rate vs Lost of Light Time
Refresh rate: <30 µsLimited by controller electronic
Lost of light time: 12 µsLimited by mirror resonance
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 20
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Channel 1
Channel 2
Time [s]
Sig
na
l in
en
sity
[No
rma
lize
d]
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 130
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time [µs]
Sig
na
l in
en
sity
[No
rma
lize
d]
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Redirecting the Light
Digital = 2 positions No control of the reflection angle
Use diffraction
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Diffraction
600 dpi
1900 dpi
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Hologram computationGerchberg-Saxton iterative algorithm
ImagePlane
HologramPlane
Image
Intensity
Phase Discarded
Phase
Intensity
Com
paris
on
Fℱ
ℱ −1
Illumination
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Example:Multiple IN to multiple OUT
DMD illuminated with2 different sources 2 diffraction patterns
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Cross connect schematic
Inputfibers
Collimatinglenses DMD
Fourierlens
Outputfibers
Subaperture HOE
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Switch Prototype
Fibers out
Fibers in
DLP
Fourier lens
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Testbed insertion & video transmission ✓-Characterization-
Traffic simulator
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Scalability ?
1024x768(786,432)
1024x768(786,432)
DMD resolution:
But ...
FTFT
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+1, -1 Orders
# pixels / 2
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Cross talk
Every 2 points Every 4 points
Rayleigh criterion
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Number of output ports
Number ofAccessible Locations
(XGA)
Crosss-talk(dB)
Theory 786,432 -
+/- 1 order (1/2) 393,216 -5.77
2nd neighbor (1/4) 98,304 -29.76
3rd neighbor (1/9) 43,690 -35.06
4th neighbor (1/16) 24,576 -41.29
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Technology Port count Loss speed Power
3D MEMS High Low ms 45 W
Micro-actuation Moderate Low ms 128W
LCoS High Low ms 1W
AWG/SOA High Moderate ns 50W
DLP Holographic Super High Moderate μs 1W
Metrics table
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Binary amplitude modulation
600 dpi
1900 dpi
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Theory: 10% Efficiency
We are here!
How do we get there?
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Phase modulation
● LCOS
● Piston MEMS
200 HzPolarization sensitive
π modulation (775 nm)10 µm mirrors
/2
10 µm
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Metrics tableTechnology
Port count
Loss speed Power
3D MEMS High Low ms 45 W
Micro-actuation Moderate Low ms 128W
LCoS High Low ms 1W
AWG/SOA High Moderate ns 50W
DLP Holographic
High Moderate μs 1W
Piston MEMS High Low μs 1W
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Texas Instruments piston MOEMS
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Future works
A commercial high port count reconfigurable optical switch: ROADM, WSS, OXC … all in one!