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Federal Departement of Economic Affairs DEAFederal Office for Agriculture FOAG
How the Swiss agricultural policy promotes Integrated Pest Management
Fabio CeruttiSwiss Federal Office for Agriculture
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2 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
Integrated Plant Production
is the basis for
Integrated Plant Management
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3 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
Contents
• Facts and figures
• Policies and instruments
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4 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
AreaFacts and figures
Non productive areas 7,800 km2 19 %
Built-up areas2,500 km2 6 %
Agricultural land 10,300 km2 25 %
Lakes and Rivers 2,900 km2,
7 %
Forest12,000 km2
29 %
Alpine pastures
5,800 km2 14 %
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5 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
Facts and figures
Agricultural Production
Degree of self-sufficiency
• Vegetable products 41 %• Animal products 94 %• Total 59 %
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6 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
Reform of the agricultural policy
From second war until 1993o subsidies linked with production:
• fixed prices and • sales garantees
From 1993 – today o subsidies (= direct payments) are linked to compliance with ecological standards= Ecological cross compliance
A fundamental change
Product subsidies
Direct Payments
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7 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
Policies and Instruments
Overview
Ecological Requirements: entry door
General Direct Payments
Ecological Direct Payments
Total 2 bn CHF
Total 0.5 bn CHF
Quality and Interlinking of Ecological Compensation Areas
+
Federal Law
on the Protection of
Nature and C
ultural Heritage
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8 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
• balanced use of fertilisers
• appropriate share of ecological compensation areas (7%)
• crop-rotation
• soil protection
• selected and targeted application of plant protection products
• animal welfare standards
Policies and Instruments
Ecological requirements ()
Proof of Ecological Performance (PEP)Based on the approach of “Integrated Production Principles”Rules translated into regulations:
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9 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
Balanced use of fertilisers
Objectives:
•Conservation of soil fertility
•Maximum reduction of the losses of nutritive elements into the environment
•Nutrient cycles as closed as possible
Minimal requirements: •balanced manure, N and P inputs don’t exceed 10% of the needs
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10 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
Appropriate share of ecological compensation areas
Objective: Conservation and enrichment of biological diversity and the rural landscape
Minimum requirements:
7% of the agricultural surface of the farm must be devoted to areas of ecological compensation
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11 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
Ecological Compensation Areas(examples)• Extensive meadows
• No fertilizer and no pesticides are allowed
• Grass is mown at specific times allowing flowers to turn into seeds (plain: mid-June).
• Meadows used with little intensity• Same conditions as extensive
meadows, except fertilisation (= 30 kg N / ha allowed)
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12 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
Trend in Ecological Compensations Areas
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
1'00
0 h
a
région demontagnerégion deplaine
Source: FOAG
About 12% of agricultural area
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13 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
Crop-rotation
Objectives
Conservation of soil fertility and improvement of plant health
Minimum requirements
Farms> 3 ha :
• % of surface per crop is limited
4 crops
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14 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201
Soil protection
•Conservation of soil structure and fertility.
•Reduction of erosion, of losses of nutrients and of plant protection products
•.