Download - Feeding back to feed forward may 2012
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Internal and external feedback
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What are some of the common things writers struggle with?
• Low confidence levels – are my ideas good enough?
• Lack of direction – where am I going with these ideas?
• Staying on track – the literature keeps taking me somewhere else…
• Writer’s block – my fingers won’t type/write!• Distractions – let me just check my
email/Facebook/Twitter quickly…
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All writers need feedback
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Why do writers need feedback?
• Can help you to clarify your ideas and see where the gaps are
• Can help you to understand what you are doing well and where you still need to do some work
• Can encourage and motivate you• Can get you to your next steps as a writer, and
help fend off long bouts of writer’s block• Can challenge and extend you as a writer
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Different goals with feedback
Formative feedback• given throughout the
written piece and speaks very closely to the criteria against which it has been written
• designed to be encouraging and informative
• detailed and descriptive
Summative feedback• comes at the end of a piece
of work – usually provides a more general comment on the quality of the writing
• can be detailed but not usually
• normally more general rather than detailed in nature
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Feedback or Feedforward?
• Good feedback feeds forward (see Lillis 2001; Deyi 2011 among others)
• This means it moves the writer beyond what they have written and helps them to the next steps in their process
• It provides reasons for what is working and what is not• It looks at purpose and understanding in terms of
meeting set criteria, rather than only rules and basic guidance – it talks about why as well as how to, rather than just how to
• It gives the writer the space to make informed choices about their writing
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What does good feedback do?
Provides guidance
Motivates
Provides reasons for what works and what doesn’t
Gives clear
critique
Promotes progress
Enables reflection
Gives encouragement
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Some practical tips
• Put yourself in the role of a critical friend – a reader who can give advice and guidance from that perspective
• Read a whole section through before you comment rather than commenting line by line or paragraph by paragraph
• Try to find reasons (whys) for what is working and what is not – rather than just saying what works and does not.
• Try to give advice that gives the writer choices about where to go with their writing