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Feeding the World
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Feeding the World
Eco-Log: Think & WriteWhy do you think it is so difficult to
provide adequate food for all of the world’s people?
What are some limitations?
What can be done to increase production?
How do farmers keep insects from destroying crops?
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A Balanced Dietvs. malnutrition
Nutrient FunctionMajor Food Sources
Carbohydrates
Supplies Energy Bread, Cereals, Potatoes, Beans
Proteins Used to build and maintain the body
Meat, Fish, Poultry, Eggs, Dairy, Beans
Lipids (fats and solids)
Used to build membranes and some hormones. May help store energy.
Butter, Vegetable Oils, Animal Fats
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Due to global warming, there are projections that in
the near future, there could be a massive die-off of
crops due to a warmer or more aggressive climate
and increasing droughts.
Southern Africa could lose more than 30% of its
main crop, maize, by 2030.
In South Asia, losses of many regional crops, such
as rice, millet and maize could top 10%
This is problematic for areas that are already short
of food.
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Long-term Effects
Due to massive die-off of crops and the world population rising by the day, long-term effects could be a worldwide food struggle, killing off thousands and impoverishing millions and starving millions more.
A food riot in Mozambique (Africa)
Food Riot in Algeria
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Democratic Republic of Congo 2010
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Somalia 2011
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One week of food in Chad
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In Somalia – Jihad Uber Alles
http://frontpagemag.com/2011/08/17/in-somalia-jihad-uber-alles/
The drought in the Horn of Africa that began in 2009 is the worst in 60 years. But humanitarian aid from the UN, the USA and other countries has prevented mass starvation in the nations of that region, except one. In Somalia that drought soon turned into a famine of unprecedented proportions. To date almost 30,000 children under the age of 5 have died of starvation, according to U.S. estimates. The UN fears that at least 640,000 Somali children are acutely malnourished: a statistic that suggests the death toll of small children could rise to as many as 800,000! More than one million Somalis have fled to Ethiopia and Kenya, where makeshift refugee camps house hundreds of thousands.[1]
One might expect that all Somali leaders and political parties would join forces to help their people survive this enormous tragedy; but one would be wrong. The Somali Muslim terrorists known as al-Shabaab have worked for the past two years to prevent any foreign aid from reaching their Muslim Somali co-religionists, even as tens of thousands of Somali Muslim children die of starvation and hundreds of thousands of starving Muslim families flee al-Shabaab’s reach to find food and water in nearby Kenya and Ethiopia.
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Green RevolutionAsia & Latin America ~ 1950-1970
ProsThe introduction of
new grains and new farming techniques allowed for a much
greater “yield”.
ConsNew varieties of
grain did not grow well without the right fertilizer, pesticides or enough water.
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Farming Challenges
Arable Land decreased 1/5 from 1985 to 2000.
Over ½ of the fertile U.S. “TopSoil” has been lost in past 200 years
Desertification
Beneficial Organisms suffer from chemicals.
Pest Control
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Agricultural Effects on the Climate
From Farming in general……
CO2 releases linked to deforestation
Methane releases from rice farming
Methane releases from feces fermenting from cattle
Nitrous oxide releases from fertilizer application
From livestock……
9% of global Carbon dioxide emissions
35–40% of global methane emissions (chiefly due to fecal fermentation and Manure)
64% of global nitrous oxide emissions emissions (chiefly due to fertilizer use
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Farming Solutions
Soil-Conservation (preventing erosion)
Sustainable Agriculture
Preventing Salinization
Organic Pest Control Companion Planting Lady Bugs Soapy water
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Other Food Issues
Processing
Packaging
Shipping (Non-local)
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GMOsGenetically Modified Organisms
Pest resistance
Herbicide tolerance
Disease resistance
Cold tolerance
Drought tolerance
Salinity tolerance
Nutrition
Pharmaceuticals
Environmental hazards
Harm to other organisms
Reduced effectiveness of pesticides
Gene transfer to non-target species
Human health risks
Allergens
Steroids & Hormones
Antibiotics lose effectivenesshttp://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.php
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All-Mighty Corn!
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