Download - Filariasis
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OPTOM FASLU MUHAMMED
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• Filariasis is tropical diseases caused by various thread-like parasitic round worms (nematodes) and their larvae
• The larvae transmit the disease to humans through a mosquito bite.
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• Filariasis is characterized by fever, chills, headache, and skin lesions in the early stages
• if untreated, can progress to include gross enlargement of the limbs and genitalia in a condition called elephantiasis
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Causes• the disease is caused by the adult
worms actually living in the lymphatic vessels near the lymph nodes where they distort the vessels and cause local inflammation
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• In advanced stages, the worms can actually obstruct the vessels, causing the surrounding tissue to become enlarged.
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• Repeated inflammation lead to blockages of the lymphatic system, especially in the genitals and legs.
• This causes the affected area to become grossly enlarged, with thickened, coarse skin, leading to a condition called elephantiasis.
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SIGNS & SYMPTOMS• In conjunctiva filariasis, the worms'
larvae migrate to the eye
• If untreated, this disease can cause a type of blindness known as onchocerciasis.
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`• Symptoms vary, depending on
what type of parasitic worm has caused the infection
• but all infections usually begin with chills, headache,
• fever between three months
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• swelling, redness, and pain in the arms, legs, or scrotum
• Areas of pus (abscesses) may appear as a result of dying worms or a secondary bacterial infection
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• Symptoms caused by the death of the parasites include fever, headache, muscle pain, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, weakness, dizziness, lethargy, and asthma.
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Diagnosis
• patient history
• physical examination,
• screening blood specimens for specific proteins produced by the immune system in response to this infection (antibodies
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• signs of lymphatic obstruction
• The larvae (microfilariae) can also be found in the blood,
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Treatment• albendazole, or
diethylcarbamazine is used to treat a filariasis (infection by eliminating the larvae, impairing the adult worms' ability to reproduce, and by actually killing adult worms).
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• The medication is started at low doses to prevent reactions caused by large numbers of dying parasites.
• These side effects can be controlled using antihistamines and anti-inflammatory drugs (corticosteroids
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• Other common drug reactions include dizziness, weakness, and nausea.
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• No treatment can reverse elephantiasis.
• Surgery may be used to remove surplus tissue and provide a way to drain the fluid around the damaged lymphatic vessels
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Prevention
• to prevent being repeatedly bitten by the mosquitoes
• limit outdoor activities at night, particularly in rural
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• wear long sleeves and pants and avoid dark-colored clothing that attracts mosquitoes
• avoid perfumes and cologne
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if sleeping in an open area or in a room with poor screens, use a bed net to avoid being bitten while asleep
use air conditioning, the cooler air makes insects less active.
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