ciency than rip rap, gabions, precast concrete blocks, andconventional concrete slope paving because of several fac-tors. It can mitigate uplift forces due to outflow and excesspore water pressure, reduce hydraulic uplift by slowing chan-nel velocities, and conform to soil contours to reduce thepotential for scour.
Reduced Uplift Pressures:Many styles of Hydrotex Linings and Mats can accommodatesevere uplift pressures. These uplift pressures often causethe failure of conventional concrete slope paving. Unlike tra-ditional methods, fabric forms can be manufactured withbuilt-in filter drains that reduce the mean phreatic level andpore pressures within the underlying soil.
Management of Hydraulic Flow:Many Hydrotex Fabric Forms construct concrete linings andmats with deeply patterned surfaces. These patterns create a
high coefficient of hydraulic friction. The result is reducedflow velocity and reduced wave run-up. These surface char-acteristics impart stability to the system by reducing veloci-ties and also mean that the designer can affect the flow char-acteristics of a channel, creating the opportunity for an “engi-neered” hydraulic system. By choosing the correct style ofform, in-channel flow can be slowed, reducing downstreamvelocities and discharge turbulence. Or an hydraulically-effi-cient, smooth form (such as Uniform Section) can be chosento maximize drainage from a given area.
Adaptation to Soil Contours:Filled-in-place fabric forms accommodate uneven contours,curves, and subgrades at the time that they are filled.Consequently, the soil and the concrete protection are in inti-mate contact, reducing the chance of underscour. Someforms create discrete concrete units, attached to each otherwith fabric perimeters and/or embedded cables. As a result,
the concrete mats can articulate to adapt to uneven settle-ment.
Ease of Installation:Hydrotex Fabric Forms are delivered to the job site ready-to-fill and require no additional forming materials. Installationconsists of preparing the area, laying out the fabric forms,and filling them with concrete through a small-line concretepump. Wood or steel forming is not required. The fabric formsthemselves assure that the concrete assumes the properconfiguration, contours, dimensions, and thickness. HydrotexLinings and Mats do not require steel reinforcement or con-crete finishing. A small crew can handle the installation, andfabric forms can be installed without dewatering the site.
Simple Job Mobilization:Fabric forms are extremely lightweight, so they can be rapid-ly shipped anywhere in the world. The “weight” component
of a fabric-formed system, the fine aggregate concrete, isreadily available from concrete suppliers worldwide. Once thesite is prepared, simple hand tools and a concrete pump areall that is needed to fill the forms. And in areas with difficultor restricted access, the concrete can be pumped to theforms from as far away as 800 feet (250 meters). Because ofthe low mobilization costs, it is practical to install fabric formson jobs as small as a hundred square feet (10 squaremeters). Regardless of the job size, the ease of mobilizationand transportation and the reduced equipment and laborrequirements mean that the job goes in faster and at lesscost per square unit of protected area.
Environmental Compatibility:Fabric forms are designed to provide the least possible envi-ronmental impact. The fabric used in the forms allows excessmixing water to escape while retaining the cement solids,fine aggregate, and sand. EL and EB Linings have been
The Advantages of Hydrotex Linings,Mats, and Armor Units
Stability:Hydrotex Fabric Forms, manufactured by Synthetex LLC,have been used in millions of square feet of installationsworldwide, some in the most severe conditions. In theprocess they have established a new benchmark in erosionprotection by outperforming traditional concrete slopepaving, gabions, precast concrete blocks, and rip rap.
Thousands of installations and extensive flume testing haveproven that Hydrotex fabric-formed concrete erosion protec-tion systems outperform all alternatives. Hydrotex Liningsand Mats, with permissible shear stress in excess of 60 lbs/ft2
(2.87 kN/m2), provide the high degree of stability needed toresist the stresses associated with high velocity flows.Hydrotex fabric-formed concrete has greater hydraulic effi-
Filter Point (FP) Linings
Filter Point Linings with filtering points (drains) provideerosion resistant, permeable concrete linings for ditches,channels, canals, streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, reservoirs,marinas, and port and harbor areas. Filter Point Liningshave a cobbled surface and a relatively high coefficient ofhydraulic friction in order to achieve lower flow velocitiesand to reduce wave run-up. The filter points provide forthe relief of hydrostatic uplift pressures, increasing thesystem’s stability.
Filter Point Linings were the first style of fabric form forconcrete. In 1965, a Dutch patent was issued for “fabric-formed slope paving.” The form suggested by this patentwas later refined to create the first “filter point” lining.
As the use of this technology has spread worldwide, avariety of other forms have been developed to meet spe-cific job requirements.
Filter Band™ (FB) Linings
Filter Band Linings are similar to Filter Point Linings, pro-viding an effective and highly permeable concrete liningthat resists erosive forces.
Filter Band differs from Filter Point in that the form createsinterconnected, tubular concrete elements that are sepa-rated by large, interwoven filter bands. The filter bandsprovide for greater reduction of uplift pressures than filterpoints. Also, the biaxial alignment of the tubular elementscreates two directionally-determined coefficients ofhydraulic friction. As a result, Filter Band achieves agreater reduction of flow velocity or wave energy thanFilter Point.
Filter Band concrete linings are specified in situationssimilar to those for which Filter Point might be specified,but which also require greater relief of uplift pressures,higher reduction of flow velocities, or greater reduction ofwave run-up.
Uniform Section (US) Linings
Uniform Section Linings are similar to traditional concreteslope paving. They create a solid, high quality concretelining with a relatively low coefficient of hydraulic fric-tion and a uniform cross section. Uniform SectionLinings are used to reduce the infiltration of aggressivewaste and chemical fluids into or out of open channelsand basins. They are also used to reduce exfiltration inarid regions where open channels and basins requirewatertight linings.
Uniform Section Linings are resistant to most leachatesand chemicals. They protect geosynthetic liners frommechanical damage, exposure to UV light, and freeze-thaw cycles and also serve as a ballast layer. Theseself-supporting, high strength linings permit construc-tion on steep side slopes and replace the use of clay orsand as liner protection. Concrete filling of the formscan be performed with a minimum of traffic on the liner,and the tensile strength and abrasion resistance of thefabric protect the liner from the pumped concrete.
Enviromat™ (EL and EB) Linings
Enviromat Linings are installed to provide protectionagainst periodic high flows. After installation, vegetationcan be planted within the open structure of the lining.Enviromat Linings are used in drainage ditches and on theupper slopes of channels, canals, lakes, reservoirs, rivers,and other water courses as well as for embankmentssubject to heavy run-off.
Enviromat Linings are comprised of concrete-filled ele-ments and unfilled areas that allow for the establishmentof vegetation. Once the concrete sets, the unfilled areasare opened by cutting the fabric and are then planted orfilled with topsoil and seeded. Within a growing season avegetated cover will normally extend over the lining,resulting in an erosion control system with the hydraulic,ecological, and aesthetic features desired. EL Liningshave a greater open area than EB, so a vegetated coverwill be established more rapidly. However, EB Linings aredesigned to articulate and are more tolerant of unevensettlement after installation.
Articulating Block (AB) Mats
Articulating Block Mats form cable-reinforced concreteblock mattresses that resist erosive forces. They are ofteninstalled where a revetment is exposed to attack by waveaction and are used to protect shorelines, canals, rivers,lakes, reservoirs, underwater pipelines, bridge piers, andother civil and marine structures from propeller wash,ship wakes, waves, currents, and high velocity flows. Theyare also used in environmental construction for landfillcaps, downchutes, and collector channels.
Articulating Block Fabric Forms consist of a series ofcompartments linked by interwoven perimeters. Groutducts interconnect the compartments. High strengthrevetment cables are installed between and through thecompartments and grout ducts. Once filled, AB Matbecomes a mattress of pillow-shaped, rectangular con-crete blocks. The interwoven perimeters between theblocks serve as hinges to permit articulation. The cablesremain embedded in the concrete blocks to link theblocks together and facilitate articulation.
designed to provide defined areas that can be cut out afterinstallation so that native vegetation can be planted or seed-ed to create a more natural appearance. And HydrotexLinings and Mats are free of hazardous projections that couldendanger pedestrians, animals, vehicles, or boats.
Hydrotex fabric-formed concrete erosion control sys-tems outperform all traditional solutions and reducetotal system cost. The expertise and knowledge thatSynthetex has gained from thousands of installationsworldwide are incorporated into every form we manu-facture. Time and again, in many different types of pro-jects, our erosion control systems have performed “asspecified” and delivered predictable erosion control.
Hydrocast™ Armor Units
Hydrocast Armor Units are monolithic concrete structureswhich replace heavy rip rap and large precast concretearmor units, such as tetrapods. When the rectangular fab-ric forms are filled, they assume a flattened cylindricalcross section and range in size from roughly 180 poundsto in excess of 70 tons (80-64,000 kg) per unit. Availablein custom sizes and shapes, the dimensions of the formcontrol the concrete armor unit’s length, width, height,and weight.
Armor Units have the mass and stability for the construc-tion of gravity seawalls and revetments, groins, levees,dikes, dams, check dams, and other civil and marinestructures subject to attack by waves or rapidly flowingwater. Since they are filled in place, they adapt to varia-tions in the subgrade and are ideal for preventing orrepairing scour at bridge piers and abutments, culvertoutfalls, or underwater pipelines. Hydrocast installationsdo not require dewatering, a crucial advantage in emer-gency repair situations.
EL
EB
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Hydrotex™
Fabric-formed Concrete Erosion Control and Armoring Systems
Hydrotex systems outperform rip rap,gabions, precast concrete blocks, and concrete slope paving, yet are less expensive and far easier to install.
Hydrotex Fabric Forms are filled in place with fineaggregate concrete, delivering the durability and per-formance of concrete without the costly and difficultinstallation process of a conventionally-formed con-crete slope paving.
Hydrotex systems are not only less expensive thanrip rap, gabions, precast concrete blocks, or conven-tionally-formed concrete slope paving, they alsodeliver significant stability and performance advan-tages once installed.
Hydrotex systems can: • adapt to variable subgrades, • relieve uplift pressures, • reduce wave run up, and • manage channel velocities.
The result is a more cost-effective erosion controlsystem with greater hydraulic efficiency, higher per-missible velocities, and improved stability, durability,and performance.
A Wide Range of SolutionsConstructed of high strength, specially woven fabric,Hydrotex™ Fabric Forms come in a variety of form styles.Each style has been engineered to match a certain set ofproject parameters, allowing you to specify different formsto accommodate differing site conditions. HydrotexLinings and Mats are used to create erosion and scourprevention systems ranging from ditch linings to coastalrevetments. Hydrocast™ Armor Units are monolithic con-crete structures that are used for the construction of sea-walls and other civil and marine applications.
Proven in the Lab and in the FieldHydrotex products have been extensively evaluated in anadvanced hydraulics laboratory at a leading researchfacility. Flume testing of Hydrotex Linings and Mats hasderived precise design values to assist you in selecting theappropriate fabric form style and mass per unit area toresist the expected hydraulic loading. Hydrotex productshave proven their value, quality, and integrity in literallythousands of projects worldwide.
Backed with Technical ExpertiseSynthetex’s team of technical, manufacturing, and fieldpersonnel work closely with engineers, owners, and con-tractors to derive the best design solutions. Our designphilosophy demands solutions that meet strict perfor-mance, aesthetic, cost, and construction criteria. You areassured of quality materials, superior technical support,competitive prices, and a commitment to excellence. Ourteam is able to provide technical and design assistance,system specifications, cost estimates, and constructiondrawings.
The information contained herein is furnished without charge or obligation, and the recipient assumes all responsibility for its use. Because conditions or use and handling mayvary and are beyond our control, we make no representation about, and are not responsible for, the accuracy or reliability of said information or the performance of any prod-uct. Any specifications, properties or applications listed are provided as information only and in no way modify, enlarge or create any warranty. Nothing contained herein is tobe construed as permission or as a recommendation to infringe any patent.
© 2008 Synthetex LLC • Synthetex, Hydrotex, Hydrocast, Enviromat, and Filter Band are trademarks of Synthetex LLC • Printed in USA.
Applications:Drainage Ditches Channels and CanalsStreams, Rivers, and BayousLakes and ReservoirsCoastal and Intracoastal ShorelinesJetties and GroinsDikes and LeveesDune ProtectionBeach RenourishmentSeawall and Bulkhead Scour ProtectionBoat Launching RampsWildlife CrossingsLow-water Stream CrossingsEmbankmentsUnderwater Pipeline CoversBridge Abutments and PiersCheck DamsDams and SpillwaysPonds and Holding BasinsLandfill CapsDown ChutesWater Control Structures
4151 Ashford Dunwoody Road • Suite 510 • Atlanta • Georgia • 30319Tel: 1.800.253.0561 or 770.399.5051 Fax: 770.394.5999http://www.synthetex.com E-mail: [email protected]
Filter Point
Filter Band™
Uniform Section
Enviromat™
Articulating Block
Hydrocast™ Armor Units
Fabric-formed Concrete Erosion Control and Armoring Systems
™
Note: Values shown are typical and will vary with weight of concrete and field conditions.
Product Guide
Hydrotex Linings, Mats, and Armor Unitsare filled in place by pumping fine aggregateconcrete into fabric forms. The results arereduced material and equipment costs,faster installation, and dependable erosionand scour prevention.
Whether you’re lining a channel; protectinglandfill containment systems, underwaterpipelines or dams; repairing bridge scour;or armoring a shoreline against storm dam-age, Synthetex LLC has the form that meetsyour needs.
For complete specifications and ourConstruction and Quality Control Manual,please visit our web site at: www.synthetex.com.
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