EVALUATION QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM
Office Of Evaluation
Measuring Results, Sharing Lessons
[FINAL] TERMS OF REFERENCE
WFP - COUNTRY PORTFOLIO EVALUATION – AFGHANISTAN 2009 - 2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Background................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 2
1.2. Country Context .................................................................................................................. 2
2. Reasons for the Evaluation ...................................................................................................... 6
2.1. Rationale ............................................................................................................................... 6
2.2. Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 7
2.3. Stakeholders and Users ...................................................................................................... 7
3. Subject of the Evaluation ......................................................................................................... 7
3.1. WFP’s Portfolio in Afghanistan ......................................................................................... 7
3.2. Scope of the Evaluation ...................................................................................................... 9
4. Key Questions ............................................................................................................................ 9
5. Evaluation Approach .............................................................................................................. 10
5.1. Evaluability Assessment ................................................................................................... 10
5.2. Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 11
5.3. Quality Assurance ............................................................................................................. 12
6. Organization of the Evaluation ............................................................................................ 12
6.1. Phases and Deliverables ................................................................................................... 12
6.2. Evaluation Team ................................................................................................................ 13
6.3. Roles and Responsibilities ................................................................................................ 15
6.4. Communication ................................................................................................................. 15
6.5. Budget ................................................................................................................................. 16
Annexes ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Annex 1: Map ............................................................................................................................ 17
Annex 2: WFP Strategic Plan 2008 – 2013 ............................................................................. 18
Annex 3: Timing, phases and deliverables ........................................................................... 20
Annex 4: Afghanistan WFP 2009 – 2010 Portfolio ................................................................ 21
Annex 5: Key stakeholdres by project ................................................................................... 22
Annex 6: Core standard indicators ........................................................................................ 23
Annex 7: Factsheet .................................................................................................................... 24
Annex 8: Library ....................................................................................................................... 25
2
1. Background
1. The purpose of these terms of reference (TOR) is to provide key information to
stakeholders about the proposed evaluation, to guide the evaluation team and specify
expectations during the various phases of the evaluation. The TOR are structured as
follows: Section 1 provides a summary on the context; Section 2 presents the rationale,
objectives, stakeholders and main users of the evaluation; Section 3 presents the WFP
portfolio and defines the scope of the evaluation; Section 4 identifies the key issues; Section 5
spells out the evaluation approach; and Section 6 indicates how the evaluation will be
organized. The annexes provide additional information as indicated in the relevant sections.
1.1. Introduction
2. Country Portfolio Evaluations (CPE) encompass the entirety of WFP activities during a
specific period. They evaluate the performance and results of the portfolio as a whole and
provide evaluative insights to make evidence-based decisions about positioning WFP in a
country and about strategic partnerships, programme design, and implementation. In
addition, CPEs help Country Offices in the preparation of Country Strategies and provide
lessons and specific recommendations that can be used in the design of new operations.
1.2. Country Context
3. Afghanistan has been a conflict or fragile state for more than three decades with
significant deleterious impacts on the socio-economic conditions for most of the population.
During the 1990s, the Taliban regime restricted much of the prior productive activity and the
technological advancements achieved in prior decades. Since the fall of the Taliban in 2001,
the political situation has been fragile and insecurity has been a major factor mitigating
development and stability of the country.
4. Estimated at 25.5 million1, Afghanistan’s population is largely rural, with a significant
amount of mobility and displacement throughout the country. The three main cities of
Kabul, Kandahar and Herat have populations of 2.5 million, 450,000, and 350,000
respectively; rapid urbanisation will see these areas grow substantially in the next few
years. Seasonal labour migration, especially with neighbouring Pakistan and Iran, is
common as are the corresponding remittances.
5. Although there have been significant foreign investments in infrastructure throughout
the country, continued poor access to public goods, productive and social services, and
markets has resulted in high levels of poverty and limited livelihood opportunities.
Agricultural production, including the illegal production of poppies, is the major source of
economic growth and livelihoods throughout the whole country. The provinces in the north,
south, southwest and southeast have suffered from both long-term drought and insecurity,
which has negatively affected food security and weakened labour markets. Recent 2011
droughts in the agricultural areas of the north have also caused increasing vulnerability
leading into the winter2.
1 Afghanistan Country Report October 2011. The Economic Intelligence Unit Limited. 2 Ibid.
3
6. In summary, there are several immediate key challenges for recovery, transition and
socio-economic development in Afghanistan3:
Insecurity, corruption, and continued insurgent conflict destabilizing institutions and
recovery at all levels;
high levels of poverty, low levels of formal school attendance, and extremely limited
livelihood options for young people;
political instability and factionalism throughout the country, based on historical and
cultural factors as well as the recent foreign military, political and economic
interventions;
the lack of physical infrastructure, including electrification and water supply, is
insufficient to support industry and social services;
relatively weak institutions to support this physical infrastructure and service
delivery. This relates to technical capacity of support services and governance
capacity to manage state infrastructure;
a weak regulatory environment for enforcement of contracts and regulation of public
and private transactions, exacerbated by pervasive rent-seeking;
land and finance markets are very thin to non-existent in many rural areas and thus a
barrier to increased agricultural production;
limited linkages to regional and global markets, in addition to a limited domestic
markets because of high poverty levels;
continued reliance on illegal poppy production and the resultant instability (through
both enforcement of, and avoidance of, formal and official regulations) this causes.
7. Afghanistan is a country with a rich cultural heritage and which has also made
significant recent progress against its development objectives. It must be recognized that
while the challenges remain, significant progress4 has been made since 2001 including the
following:
the return of over 5 million refugees from neighbouring countries since 2001 and a
significant number of these returning to urban areas;
exponential increase in school enrollment since the pre-2001 period, including
enrollment of both girls and boys. There has also been an increase in school
infrastructure throughout the country;
increased access to health services throughout the country and increased rural road
infrastructure
over 2.5 million people benefiting from social protection systems offered by the
government or non-state agencies
establishment of a banking sector (a central bank and commercial banks) and
financial services, including a stable currency and predictable interest rates;
3 Afghanistan National Development Strategy (2008 – 2013). 4 Ibid.
4
increased access to telecommunication services throughout the country with
corresponding infrastructure
increased commercial and foreign investment in all sectors of the economy
8. There is a continuing concern that heavy levels of donor investment, with concomitant
presence of numerous non-state actors and private entities, can lead to geographic and social
fragmentation5. Inequality between urban and rural areas, between the remote areas and the
accessible provinces, and between the educated elite and the majority poor exacerbates
poverty and mitigates efforts at peace-building.
9. Food insecurity and malnutrition remain a continuing chronic problem throughout
Afghanistan. The most recent National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment shows that food
security has deteriorated in 25 of 34 provinces and 31% of the total population are food
insecure. Nationally, chronic malnutrition stands at 60.5%, acute malnutrition at 8.7%, and
underweight at 39%6. Under-5 mortality and maternal mortality are 199/1000 and
1400/100,000 respectively. Macro and micronutrient deficiencies are serious public health
concerns especially in children and women. All food security and nutrition related
indicators show significant problems in Afghanistan for most of the population. While for
most indicators the trends are improving, aggregate improvements are largely the result of
increased investment and infrastructure in urban areas to meet the needs of urbanizing
populations. With 80% of the population living in rural areas, these trends vary significantly
from province to province and indeed within each province7.
10. Agriculture is a major feature of the Afghan economy and the majority of households are
engaged primarily in agricultural production. Because of conflict, natural disasters and
population increases, in the last two decades Afghanistan has lost 60% of its livestock herd
and 70% of its forest cover. Agriculture accounts for approximately 40% of GDP and over
70% of the labour market in Afghanistan. The principal legal crops are wheat, maize, rice
and barley. Fruits, nuts, vegetables, wool, cotton and hides/skins are the major exports.
Much of the agriculture in Afghanistan is irrigated from seasonal rivers in the north and the
south, and crops are regularly affected by drought caused by reduced snow loads in the
region. The seasonal calendar (Figure 1) provides an illustration of key features in the
agricultural calendar. Given the importance of small-scale agriculture and livestock, the
food security of many households is dependent on exchange via local agricultural markets
and, to an increasing extent, seasonal labour markets.
Figure 1: Afghanistan seasonal agriculture calendar
Source: http://www.fews.net/pages/timelineview.aspx?loc=1&gb=af&l=en
5 Afghanistan UN Development Assistance Framework (2010 – 2013).
6 MOPH/CDC/UNICEF, 2003/04, National Nutrition Survey, Afghanistan (WHO 2006 Growth Standards)
7 See the recent Provincial Briefs (June 2011), an analysis of 39 socio-economic indicators, for more information. For
example, poverty incidence varies from 9% in Helmand province to 76% in Paktika province versus the national average
of 36%.
5
11. The education sector continues to be a major focus for many multilateral and bilateral
agencies, including WFP. Educational attainment has been steadily increasing since 2001 but
still remains low by regional and international standards. The 2005-2009 net primary school
enrollment ratio was 74% and 46% for boys and girls, respectively. The attendance ratio for
the same group was 66% and 40% for boys and girls, respectively. These data8, contrasted to
the pre-2001 period with minimal schooling available (no official schooling for girls), are
evidence of the investments and incentives provided to the education sector over the last
decade.
12. The national policy framework in Afghanistan is supportive of most international
development trends and objectives. Within the food security and agricultural sector, the
National Agricultural Development Framework emphasizes improved physical
infrastructure and market development. This policy framework was developed in 2009/2010
in order to better prioritize investment within the sector and to rectify nearly '...seven years
of failed agricultural development.'9 With a Natural Resources Management (NRM)
programme, an Agricultural Production and Productivity Programme (APP) and an
Economic Regeneration Programme (ER), the three pillars of the national strategy form a
holistic approach to sustainable development of the agriculture sector. Despite an emphasis
on wheat imports, food aid and a strategic grain reserve to counter food price increases and
drought-related food shortages in 2011, the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock
(MAIL) is emphasizing fooder production, increased access to agricultural inputs, watershed
protection and irrigation, and integrated pest management.10
13. Within the education sector, the National Education Strategic Plan (2010- 2014) consists
of five programmes that aim to improve access to and quality of education in Afghanistan.
Three areas are of highest priority: first, providing access to education for boys and girls to
improve enrollment and retention, which includes the building / repair of schools; second, to
train teachers and improve the quality of the curriculum; and third, to improve the
institutional environment to effectively manage the education sector and related resources.
14. In the areas of food utilization, the Health and Nutrition Strategy (HNSS) aims to
improve the health and nutritional status of the population with greater emphasis on
women, children and underserved areas. The HNSS-aligned Public Nutrition Policy and
Strategy (2009 – 2013) focuses on providing direct nutrition interventions through the health
sector with support from other sectors.
15. WFP has been active in Afghanistan since 1964, with the most significant investments
coming since 2001. Building on its comparative advantage, WFP provided emergency food
assistance in the years immediately following 2001, in addition to providing coordination
and logistics for many agencies through its special operations. In addition to food insecurity
caused by conflict, WFP has responded to a significant number national disasters (see Table
1) over the past decade. In 2006, the WFP initiated a relief and recovery operation (PRRO
104270) that covered a range of transition and development oriented activities, focused on
the areas of education and food security. Since 2009, the WFP has continued much of this
8 www.childinfo.org
9 March 2010 presentation on NADF by Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CB8QFjAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fw
ww.cimicweb.org%2FDocuments%2FPRT%2520CONFERENCE%25202010%2FNADF_Principles.pdf&ei=Ei7KTp6q
HozqOfqR_eQP&usg=AFQjCNGtRcKZcqstve425ypmxEHkfxzcSQ&sig2=zfCdtVg9M1etXZMf-fk9TQ
10 2011 Agriculture Prospects Report. Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock.
6
transition and recovery work with its 1.2 billion USD Enhancing resilience and food security in
Afghanistan operation, planned for a period of 36 months and an annual coverage of 7.6
million people. WFP has been a major recipient of funding from the consolidated appeals
process (CAP), in which approximately 60 separate agencies prescribe priorities and
interventions for emergency humanitarian funding each year (Table 2).
Table 1: Natural disasters in Afghanistan (2002 - 2010)
Table 2: Afghanistan consolidated Appeal 2007 – 2011
2. Reasons for the Evaluation
2.1. Rationale
16. The rationale for this country portfolio evaluation (CPE) is to review the comparative
advantage and positioning of the WFP Afghanistan operations vis-a-vis the situation on the
ground, the priorities and strategies of government and other non-state actors, good
practices in humanitarian response and working in fragile/conflict states. In addition the
CPE will evaluation the results of the WFP portfolio against stated objectives and with a
focus on the long-term impacts and sustainability.
17. The Afghanistan CPE takes place at the mid-point of its major relief and recovery
operation and the finding and recommendations will be used in the design of the next WFP
operation. Afghanistan presents a challenging portfolio for WFP, with significant security
risks and access difficulties. In addition, the portfolio is large with many different activities
being implemented in different parts of the country. Given the multi-stakeholder context of
Afghanistan, where many partners and many donors are involved throughout the country,
Year Natural disasters People affected
2002 Epidemic 200,000
2002 Earthquake 91,228
2005 Storm 22,656
2006 Drought 1,900,000
2006 Mass movement wet 300,000
2007 Flood 20,000
2008 Drought 280,000
2008 Extreme temperature 170,684
2009 Flood 60,016
2010 Flood 40,000
2011 Flood 3,000
2011 Drought 1,750,000
Source: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED international disaster database
Total Required under CAP $USD WFP required $USD WFP % of total total # agencies
2011 678,632,984 412,195,165 61% 57
2010 870,561,261 347,542,420 40% 60
2009 603,981,153 328,208,444 54% 60
2008 81,321,254 76,756,835 94% 4
2007 - - - -
Source: http://fts.unocha.org/pageloader.aspx?page=emerg-emergencyCountryDetails&cc=afg
7
the comparative advantage of WFP and its implementation framework will be major
features of the evaluation.
2.2. Objectives
18. Evaluations serve the dual objectives of accountability and learning. As such, the
evaluation will:
assess and report on the performance and results of the country portfolio in line with the
WFP mandate and in response to humanitarian and development challenges in
Afghanistan (accountability); and
determine the reasons for observed success/failure and draw lessons from experience to
produce evidence-based findings to allow the CO to make informed strategic decisions
about positioning itself in Afghanistan, form strategic partnerships, and improve
operations design and implementation whenever possible (learning).
2.3. Stakeholders and Users
19. The primary user of this evaluation will be the WFP Country Office in its design of new
operations, country strategies and partnerships and in potential adjustments to current
operations.
20. The WFP works with a large number of cooperating partners in Afghanistan. WFP also
funds several international NGOs and government agencies, which in turn have their own
cooperating partners and project implementation. The WFP's government counterparts at
national level include the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), the
Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD), the Ministry of Education
(MoE), the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH), the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Martyrs
and Disabled (MoLSAMD) and the Ministry of Refugees and Returnees (MoRR), and
Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MoEA) and the Afghanistan National Disaster Management
Authority (ANDMA). These central levels ministries are again represented at provincial
level with steering committees that manage implementation of WFP/government
interventions. At community level there are many community development councils
(CDCs) and shuras with different affiliations that are engaged in both governance and
implementation of recovery/reconstruction projects as well as humanitarian interventions in
emergency situations. Give the scale and scope of WFP's operations, this is a necessary
degree of cooperation and coordination; the degree to which this is successful, contributing
to portfolio results, and can be improved is a subject of this evaluation.
21. It is important that a thorough stakeholder analysis (see annex 5 for preliminary detail) is done at
the inception stage of the evaluation. Understanding the key strategic and operational partners, the
priority issues, and the various interests at stake will be fundamental to answering some of the
evaluation questions.
3. Subject of the Evaluation
3.1. WFP’s Portfolio in Afghanistan
22. Since 2006, there have been two protracted relief and recovery operations (PRRO) with
one on-going, one emergency operation (EMOP) that is on-going, three special operations
8
(SOs), with one on-going, and one purchase-for-progress (P4P) operation that is on-going
Figure 2 illustrates the timeline of these operations, their budgets, expenditures and
beneficiaries.
23. This evaluation will focus on the 2009 – 2011 time period (see red outline in Figure 2), in
which there have been three operations (see also Annex 4). The evaluation will cover the
PRRO 200063, coming at the mid-point of its implementation, the SO 200092, which
provides logistics support to WFP and other agencies, and the P4P pilot project which
started in early 2010 and is yet in its early stages. A 11 month emergency operation (EMOP
200366) began in December 2011, largely as a response to the recent drought, but will not be
covered by the evaluation.
24. Given the scale, scope and coverage of the PRRO 200063, its interventions form the bulk
of the Afghanistan portfolio and it will be the major focus of the evaluation. This relief and
recovery operation builds upon the results and lessons of its predecessor operation, PRRO
104270, and covers relief, recovery and capacity building components. These components
include emergency food assistance (general food distribution), urban social safety nets,
maternal and child health and nutrition, support to TB patients, food for assets, food for
education, food for training, building of community grain storage facilities and a national
strategic grain reserve, flour fortification and support to national-level data collection
systems. Table 3 illustrates the breakdown of beneficiaries by activity. Table 4 summarizes
the planned versus actual expenditures from 2009 – 2011.
Figure 2: Timing and funding of the Afghanistan portfolio
Table 3: Distribution of portfolio activities PRRO 200063
9
Table 4: Planned versus actual expenditures 2009- 2011
25. The operational activities covered by the evaluation are guided by WFP’s current
strategic plan (see Annex 2). The majority of WFP activities are focused on saving lives
(Strategic Objective 1) and rebuilding livelihoods (Strategic Objective3). Much of the
capacity building and systems strengthening interventions fall within Strategic Objective 5.
3.2. Scope of the Evaluation
26. The evaluation will pick up where the last evaluation finished in 2009.11 The findings
and recommendations from that evaluation, and their subsequent use/utility in the design of
the following PRRO, which began in 2010, will be a part of this evaluation. The evaluation
will cover all geographic areas of WFP operation.
27. In light of the strategic nature of the evaluation, it is not intended to evaluation each
operation individually but to focus broadly on the portfolio as a whole.12 Following the
established approach for WFP CPEs, the evaluation focuses on three main areas; strategic
alignment of the portfolio, strategic decision-making and overall results and performance.
These three areas of focus are detailed in the key evaluation questions.
4. Key Questions
28. The CPE will be addressing the following three key questions, which will be further
detailed in a matrix of evaluation questions to be developed by the evaluation team during
11 The prior evaluation was an operations evaluation of PRRO 104270 and focused on the results of this operation. It was
narrower in scope than this CPE and did not cover the results of three pilot activities under PRRO 104270; namely wet
school feeding, cash-vouchers and MCHN. It was limited to an evaluation of the design of these three activities given
that they had only recently begun. This CPE will cover those three pilot activities, which have been carried over into the
2010 – 2011 period under the new PRRO 200063. 12 The evaluation will follow a WFP internal audit exercise in Afghanistan (to be done in late 2011), which will focus on
some internal WFP control systems as well as some areas of operational importance such as M&E, reporting, planning,
budgeting, etc. The CPE is not intended to duplicate or overlap with some of these internal audit exercises. In addition,
the CO has conducted several key exercises in 2011 e.g. Strategic Reviews, preparation of a Food Security Strategy, set
up of a Strategy and Policy Unit, etc. Several other assessments/studies are planned during the first quarter of the year
and will feed into the CPE evaluation.
Education Nutrition GFD Cash* FFW/FFA/FFT HIV/TB
PRRO 200063 X X X X X X
Planned % of
beneficiaries43 4 43 7 3
Actual % of
beneficiaries45 3 39 9 4
Source: WFP Dacota
* Beneficiary share not available for PRRO 200063 as activity was implemented in Feb. 2011
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Gross Requirements 185.5 331.6 339.5 357.0 385.3
Direct Expenses* 133.7 204.8 206.6 168.8 n.a
Gap 51.8 126.7 132.9 187.9 n.a
D. Exp. Vs. Requirements (%) 72% 62% 61% 47% n.a
Source: WFP ODXR Unit (2010 figures from ODXR PoW 18 August 2011); APR 2010 and 2008 (*).
Gross Requirements: Needs (USD, millions); Direct Expenses (USD, millions): Excludes PSA costs. *2009 & 2010 expenses are according to IPSAS and not comparable to 2008 & previous years' values based on UNSAS.
Requirements vs. Direct Expenses - Afghanistan (USD, millions)
10
the inception phase. Collectively, the questions aim at highlighting the key lessons from the
WFP country presence and performance, which will inform future strategic and operational
decisions.
29. Question 1: What has been the strategic alignment of the WFP portfolio, including the
extent to which:
its main objectives and related activities are relevant to the humanitarian and
developmental needs of the Afghanistan population;
its strategies and objectives have been aligned with those of government and NGO’s
in Afghanistan;
its operational activities have been aligned with international good practices for non-
state providers (NSPs) working in fragile/conflict states, e.g. peace-building and or
humanitarian objectives;
its strategies and operational activities have been aligned with those of relevant
humanitarian and development partners in order to achieve complementarity of
interventions at policy and operational levels?
30. Question 2: What have been the factors driving strategic decision-making, including the
extent to which WFP:
has analysed the national food security, nutrition, livelihoods and gender context and
appropriately targeted its interventions using this analysis;
has sufficient technical expertise (either internal or through partnership) to
strategically manage the different interventions under the portfolio;
has development and implemented appropriate monitoring and evaluation systems
to support strategic decision making;
has been driven by external funding and or political factors to alter its portfolio from
the original design;
has strategically adjusted its operational implementation in response to changing
needs of the populations, funding, partner, security and other circumstances?
31. Question 3: What have been the performance and results of the WFP portfolio, including:
the efficiency, effectiveness and probable impact of the relief13, recovery14 and
capacity building15 components of the portfolio;
5. Evaluation Approach
5.1. Evaluability Assessment
Evaluability is the extent to which an activity or a programme can be evaluated in a reliable and
credible fashion. It necessitates that a policy, intervention or operation provides: (a) a clear description
of the situation before or at its start that can be used as reference point to determine or measure
13 Relief components include emergency food assistance, the urban social safety net, and MCHN.
14 Recovery components include food for assets, food for education and food for training, and WFP’s support for the
national tuberculosis programme.
15 Capacity building components include the development of community grain storage facilities and a national strategic
grain reserve, flour fortification and support to data collection systems.
11
change; (b) a clear statement of intended outcomes, i.e. the desired changes that should be observable
once implementation is under way or completed; (c) a set of clearly defined and appropriate indicators
with which to measure changes; and (d) a defined timeframe by which outcomes should be occurring.
32. The relief and recovery operations implemented during the evaluation period are
designed with specific outputs and outcomes. These are detailed in the planning and
reporting documents for each operation and catalogued in WFP data systems available at
both the country and headquarter levels. To this extent, these operations are evaluable
against stated outcomes. The special operation is generally supportive of the PRROs and is
evaluable at the output (efficiency) level. The P4P operation is designed with its own set of
outputs and outcomes and is thus evaluable against its planned targets.
33. The evaluation will build upon a wide range of secondary data available in Afghanistan.
Within each government ministry of relevance there exists data sets of relevance, often done
in partnership with WFP and other bilateral or multi-lateral agencies. The Central Statistics
Organization16 regularly conducts surveys of relevance and the National Risk and
Vulnerability Assessment and associated secondary analysis will be especially important.
The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit17, an independent research/evaluation
organization based in Kabul, has a number of on-going research projects as well as a
catalogue of many research publications of relevance to this evaluation. In addition a
number of one-off studies or surveys have been done by non-state agencies in areas of
relevance to this evaluation. A key preparatory task for the evaluation is to review and analyse
existing secondary data and determine the data and information gaps that exist in order to fully
answer the evaluation questions.
34. The security and access issues, especially for expatriate consultants, will mitigate the
extent to which the evaluation team can observe relevant operational areas. It is expected
that the evaluation team will a) rely on secondary data to a greater extent because of this
context, b) gather primary qualitative data from a wide range of stakeholders in areas that
are accessible, and c) utilize Afghani technical and evaluation experts (or sub-contracted
institutions) as key members of the team.
35. Finally, the framing of the WFP operations as a ‘portfolio’ does not necessarily reflect
how the WFP manages its work. Within WFP operations are the singular focus and
managed relatively independently. In addition and from WFP’s operational perspective,
activities from one operation are often perceived distinct from similar activities in another
operation. However, from past evaluation experience the concept of a ‘portfolio’ closely
matches the perspectives of community, partners and donors and for evaluation purposes it
is useful in evaluation questions of strategic alignment, strategic decisions, and achievement
of outcomes.
5.2. Methodology
36. The evaluation will employ relevant internationally agreed evaluation criteria including
those of coverage, relevance, coherence (internal and external), efficiency, effectiveness,
impact, sustainability and connectedness.
16 http://www.cso.gov.af/
17 http://www.areu.org.af/Default.aspx
12
37. During the inception phase, the evaluation team will design the evaluation methodology
to be presented in the inception report. The methodology will:
examine the logic of the portfolio and on the common objectives arising across
operations;
utilize a thorough stakeholder analysis done during the preparation and inception
phases;
be geared towards addressing the evaluation questions/sub-questions using
triangulation and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. The evaluation
matrix, presented as part of the inception report, will be a key organizing tool for the
evaluation;
take into account the limitations to evaluability pointed out in 5.1 as well as budget and
timing constraints.
38. The methodology should demonstrate impartiality and lack of biases by relying on a
cross-section of information sources (e.g. stakeholder groups, including beneficiaries, etc.)
and using a mixed methodological (e.g. quantitative, qualitative, participatory) to ensure
triangulation of information through a variety of means. The sampling technique to
impartially select field sites to be visited must be specified in the inception report.
5.3. Quality Assurance
39. WFP’s evaluation quality assurance system (EQAS) is based on the UNEG norms and
standards and good practice of the international evaluation community (ALNAP and DAC).
It sets out processes with in-built steps for quality assurance and templates for evaluation
products. It also includes quality assurance of evaluation reports (inception, full and
summary reports) based on standardised checklists. EQAS will be systematically applied
during the course of this evaluation and relevant documents provided to the evaluation
team. The evaluation manager will conduct the first level quality assurance, while the OE
Director will conduct the second level review. This quality assurance process does not
interfere with the views and independence of the evaluation team, but ensures the report
provides the necessary evidence in a clear and convincing way and draws its conclusions on
that basis.
40. The evaluation team will be required to ensure the quality of data (validity, consistency
and accuracy) throughout the analytical and reporting phases. To further enhance the
quality and credibility of this evaluation, external reviewer(s) will provide further quality
assurance to the process and will comment on the draft inception and evaluation reports.
6. Organization of the Evaluation
6.1. Phases and Deliverables
41. The evaluation will be implemented over a 10 month period in 2012. As is typical for
WFP’s Country Portfolio Evaluations, the evaluation will proceed through five phases (see
Annex 3 for more detail including the dates for deliverables). The inception phase may
involve a briefing of the evaluation team in Rome, but this could be moved to Afghanistan
depending on the evaluation team location. This is followed by an inception mission (team
leader and evaluation manager) to Afghanistan. An inception report, finalized in this phase,
13
provides the detail for conducting the evaluation fieldwork and addressing the terms of
reference, in addition to an analysis of available secondary data. The fieldwork phase is
anticipated to require 3-4 weeks and will involve primary and additional secondary data
collection. Given the seasonal conditions in Afghanistan, the fieldwork will start no earlier
than March 2012. The analysis and reporting phase concludes with a final evaluation report
that will be presented to WFP’s Executive Board in November 2012. Figure 3 summarizes
the provisional evaluation schedule.
Figure 3: Provisional evaluation timeframe
6.2. Evaluation Team
42. The evaluation will be conducted by a team of independent consultants with relevant
experience and expertise for the WFP Afghanistan portfolio. This evaluation requires a
range of subject and evaluation expertise as indicated below and summarized in Table 5.
Evaluation questions 1 and 2 are concerned with issues related to humanitarian
response management, working in fragile/conflict states, food assistance targeting
and intervention design, and monitoring and evaluation. It is expected that two
technical experts will be required to cover these areas (and indeed may have
expertise and experience overlapping with other areas). Thus, one specialist focused
upon humanitarian response management, and the second focused on monitoring and
evaluation (including targeting) will be required for the evaluation team. The
evaluation team leader will likely be a specialist in one of the above areas in addition to
having overall responsibility for implementing the evaluation.
Evaluation question 3 is focused upon the results of the WFP portfolio and will rely
primarily on secondary data analysis and primary qualitative data collection. Given
the overall focus of WFP activities, one evaluation specialist in education within the
Afghanistan context and another with livelihoods expertise and experience in
Afghanistan will be required for the evaluation team. Given the prevalence of
Phase Activities Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov
Inception
briefing in Rome/Kabul x
inception mission x
final inception report x
Fieldwork
Kabul x
area offices x x
intervention sites x x
partners x x
x
Reporting
analysis of data x x x
draft evaluation report x x
final evaluation report x
Executive Board summary x
management response x
EB presentation x
Aide-memoire
14
malnutrition in Afghanistan and the interest of the WFP Country Office in working
with partners on nutrition policies, strategies and operations, nutrition expertise and
experience is also required to compliment that of livelihoods and education18. It is
anticipated that these three areas of expertise will also contribute to evaluation
question 1 and provide a nuanced analysis of the humanitarian and development
context, including the challenges and opportunities in the education, nutrition and
livelihoods domains.
It is expected that Afghani national consultants will be an important part of the
evaluation team, potentially covering 2-3 of the technical specialties. Evaluation
specialists from Afghanistan can be recruited independently or with the assistance of
the evaluation manager. For the conduct of the primary data collection, and
dependent on security and access issues, it may be necessary to hire either an
independent research firm in Afghanistan or a select group of evaluation assistants
with the requisite expertise and language skills to carry out certain focus group
discussions and key informant interviews.
Table 5: Evaluation team expertise required
43. The following specific qualifications are required:
Team leader
o Post-graduate degree in a relevant area with preferred specialty knowledge
and experience in either humanitarian/relief operations or food security or
nutrition.
o At least 10 years experience managing research and evaluations, either as an
independent consultant or within an organization.
o At least 10 years (consecutive with above) leading teams of people in a multi-
stakeholder, multi-cultural environment and a track record of producing
results therein.
18 The Country Office intends to scale down the education-related interventions and scale up those of nutrition; thus the
nutrition expertise of the evaluation team will be the priority.
Expertise Expertise and experience required Key evaluation questions covered
Team leader
One technical area (below) plus significant prior experience with evaluation within
the UN system all
Humanitarian
response
management
Good practices in humanitarian response; international experience in complex
emergencies; international humanitarian/development organization management;
emergency preparedness and response planning; peace-building and capacity
building 1 & 2
Monitoring and
evaluation
Intervention targeting systems/issues; general poverty, livelihood and food
security indicators; vulnerability assessment mapping (VAM), Afghanistan's
National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (NRVA) and other relevant data sets in 1&2 (contribution to 3)
Education and
school feeding
School feeding; the education sector in Afghanistan; education system
development and capacity building 3 (contribution to 1)
Livelihoods
Livelihood systems & coping strategies in Afghanistan; post-conflict and transition
livelihoods; food for assets and food for work programmes; disaster risk reduction 3 (contribution to 1)
Nutrition
MCHN operations; anthropometry; household nutrition; gender and nutrition;
international nutrition standards; food fortification 3 (contribution to 1)
15
o Demonstrable skills (through prior work and professional education or
accreditation) in evaluation methodology
o A track record of publication and excellent English language writing and
presentation skills
o Ability to work in difficult and insecure conditions
Subject specialists
o Significant (at least 5 years) demonstrable expertise (through work experience
and education) in at least one of the areas of food security, nutrition,
humanitarian response, conflict/fragile state governance, and monitoring and
evaluation.
o at least 5 years experience in research and or evaluation, either as an
independent consultant or as part of this function in an organization
o A track record of written work on similar assignments
o Ability to work in difficult and insecure conditions
6.3. Roles and Responsibilities
44. This evaluation is managed by WFP’s Office of Evaluation with Mr. Ross Smith as the
evaluation manager. The evaluation manager (EM) is responsible for drafting the TOR;
selecting and contracting the evaluation team; preparing and managing the budget; setting
up the review group; organizing the team briefing in HQ; assisting in the preparation of the
field missions; conducting the first level quality assurance of the evaluation products and
consolidating comments from stakeholders on the various evaluation products. The EM will
also be the main interlocutor between the evaluation team, represented by the team leader,
and WFP counterparts to ensure a smooth implementation process.
45. WFP stakeholders at CO, RB and HQ levels are expected to provide information
necessary to the evaluation; be available to the evaluation team to discuss the programme,
its performance and results; facilitate the evaluation team’s contacts with stakeholders in
Afghanistan; set up meetings and field visits, organise for interpretation if required and
provide logistic support during the fieldwork. A detailed consultation schedule will be
presented by the evaluation team in the Inception Report.
6.4. Communication
46. In order for this evaluation process to be an effective learning process, the evaluation
team will emphasize transparent and open communication with evaluation stakeholders.
The evaluation terms of reference and relevant research tools will be summarized to better
inform stakeholders about the process of the evaluation and the expectations of them. The
Office of Evaluation will assist in translation of summary documents as needed, including
the terms of reference, aide-memoire, etc. in order to facilitate dissemination to stakeholders.
47. The Office of Evaluation will make use of data sharing software to assist in
communication and file transfer with the evaluation team and the WFP country office. In
addition, regular tele-conference and one-on-one telephone communication between the
evaluation team, the evaluation manager, and the WFP country office focal point will assist
in discussing any issues.
16
48. The evaluation inception report and final reports shall be written in English. It is
expected that the evaluation team, with the team leader providing quality control, produce
written work that is of very high standard, evidence-based, and free of errors. Translation
of the summary ToR and summary evaluation report will be done as necessary.
49. The final evaluation will be presented to WFP’s Executive Board, along with the
official management response to key recommendations. Thereafter it will be posted on
WFP’s internet, both internally and externally, and incorporated into the Office of
Evaluation’s annual report. In addition the EM and the WFP Country Office will produce
appropriate dissemination products, such as summarized presentations, lessons learned
briefs, and other products that can be extracted from the collected data, e.g. case studies.
6.5. Budget
50. The evaluation will be financed from OE’s Programme Support and Administrative
budget. Based on the team composition presented in section 6.2., the associated
remuneration (daily fees), the cost of international and domestic travel, etc. the total cost of
the evaluation is expected to be US$ xxx.
51. The WFP Afghanistan office has agreed to support the costs of in-country travel and
security arrangements during the fieldwork in Afghanistan [to be discussed / confirmed]. The
exception to this would be the costs borne by a local research/evaluation firm that organizes
its own logistics for data collection [to be discussed / confirmed].
18
Annex 2: WFP Strategic Plan 2008 – 2013
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE ONE: SAVE LIVES AND PROTECT LIVELIHOODS IN
EMERGENCIES
Goals
1. To save lives in emergencies and reduce acute malnutrition caused by shocks to below
emergency levels
2. To protect livelihoods and enhance self-reliance in emergencies and early recovery
3. To reach refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and other vulnerable groups and
communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by shocks
Main Tools
• General and targeted food assistance and emergency nutrition interventions
• Emergency needs assessments
• Emergency logistics, special operations, and information and communications technology
(ICT) capacity
• United Nations cluster leadership for logistics and emergency ICT
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE TWO: PREVENT ACUTE HUNGER AND INVEST IN
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Goals
1. To support and strengthen capacities of governments to prepare for, assess and respond to
acute hunger arising from disasters
2. To support and strengthen resiliency of communities to shocks through safety nets or
asset creation, including adaptation to climate change
Main Tools
• Vulnerability analysis and mapping
• Early warning products and tools
• Disaster preparedness and mitigation programmes
• Programmes to help communities reinforce their essential food and nutrition security
systems and infrastructures, as well as their adaptability to climate change – including
voucher, cash and food-based safety nets
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE THREE: RESTORE AND REBUILD LIVES AND
LIVELIHOODS IN POST-CONFLICT, POST-DISASTER OR TRANSITION
SITUATIONS
Goals
1. To support the return of refugees and IDPs through food and nutrition assistance
2. To support the re-establishment of livelihoods and food and nutrition security of
communities and families affected by shocks
19
3. To assist in establishing or rebuilding food supply or delivery capacities of countries and
communities affected by shocks and help to avoid the resumption of conflict
Main Tools
• Targeted programmes that facilitate the re-establishment of livelihoods
• Special operations to rebuild essential hunger-related infrastructure
• Food distribution programmes that facilitate re-establishment of food and nutrition
security
• Voucher and cash-based programmes that facilitate food access
• Capacity strengthening for the re-establishment of community service infrastructure
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE FOUR: REDUCE CHRONIC HUNGER AND
UNDERNUTRITION
Goals
1. To help countries bring undernutrition below critical levels and break the
intergenerational cycle of chronic hunger
2. To increase levels of education and basic nutrition and health through food and nutrition
assistance and food and nutrition security tools
3. To meet the food and nutrition needs of those affected by HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and
other pandemics
Main Tools
• Mother-and-child health and nutrition (MCHN) programmes
• School feeding programmes
• Programmes addressing and mitigating HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and other pandemics
• Policy and programmatic advice
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE FIVE: STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITIES OF COUNTRIES TO
REDUCE HUNGER, INCLUDING THROUGH HAND-OVER STRATEGIES AND
LOCAL PURCHASE
Goals
1. To use purchasing power to support the sustainable development of food and nutrition
security systems, and transform food and nutrition assistance into a productive investment
in local communities
2. To develop clear hand-over strategies to enhance nationally owned hunger solutions
3. To strengthen the capacities of countries to design, manage and implement tools, policies
and programmes to predict and reduce hunger
Main Tools
• WFP’s procurement activities
• Hand-over of WFP hunger tools
• Policy and programmatic advice
• Advocacy
20
Annex 3: Timing, phases and deliverables
Policy Evaluation – Phases, Deliverables and Timeline Key Dates
Phase 1 - Preparation
Desk review, first draft of TOR and quality assurance
Circulation of TOR and review
Preparatory mission to Country (Evaluation manager and team
leader)
Identification and recruitment of eval team Jan 30. 2012
Final TOR Dec. 30, 2011
Phase 2 - Inception
Briefing core team at WFP HQ Early Feb. 2012
Inception mission Late Feb. 2012
Review documents and draft inception report including methodology.
Submit draft inception report to OE Mid-March 2012
OE quality assurance and feedback
Revise inception report
Submit revised inception report to OE End-March 2012
OE shares inception report with stakeholders for information
Phase 3 – Evaluation Mission
Briefing April 1, 2012
Field work April 2012
Debriefing
Aide memoire/In-country Debriefing May6/7, 2012
Phase 4 - Reporting
Draft evaluation report
Submit Draft evaluation report to OE May 30, 2012
OE quality feedback
Revise evaluation report
Submit revised evaluation report to OE June 30, 2012
OE share evaluation report with stakeholders (working level)
OE consolidate comments
Revise evaluation report
Submit revised evaluation report to OE July 15, 2012
OE circulates the Executive Summary to WFP’s Executive Staff
OE consolidate comments
Revise Executive Summary of evaluation report
Submit final evaluation report to OE July 30, 2012
Phase 5 Executive Board and follow-up
Editing / translation of summary report
Preparation of Management response
Preparation of evaluation brief and dissemination of reports
Presentation of evaluation summary report to the EB November 2012
Presentation of management response to the EB
21
Annex 4: Afghanistan WFP 2009 – 2010 Portfolio
P A P A P A P A
PRRO 200063
Enhancing
Resilience and
Food Security
in Afghanistan
Apr 10 -
Mar 13240,783 145,267 5,455,745 4,279,682 474,738,685 67,912,111 1,100,364,923 454,969,125 41% 15%
Support people affected by conflict and
disaster, IDPs and vulnerable groups
such as malnourished children and
pregnant and lactating women whose
food security has been adversely
affected by shocks; support re-
establishment of livelihoods affected by
shocks through support for basic
education and skills training, especially
for girls and women; improve the
success of TB treatment.
1-5 School feeding,
GFD, HIV/AIDS
and TB,
therapeutic and
supplementary
feeding, MCH,
FFW/FFT
SO 200092
Provision of
Common
Humanitarian
Air Service to
UN Agencies,
NGOs and
Counterparts
in Afghanistan
Jan 10 - Dec
11_ _ _ _ _ _ 39,726,786 27,844,278 70% _
Provision of a safe,
and cost-effective air transport service
for over 700 United Nations
Agencies, NGOs, diplomatic missions
and other humanitarian and
development actors, contributing to
development and reconstruction
activities in Afghanistan
_ _
SO 107080
Provision of
emergency
telecommunic
ation service
to
humanitarian
community in
Afghanistan
Oct 07 -
Feb 08_ _ _ _ _ _ 323,212 323,212 100% _
Improve operational command/control
and coordination among humanitarian
agencies; Enhance staff security
through the establishment of a
common telecommunications
network and the provision of training
to support MOSS compliance by UN
agencies and NGOs.
_ _
SO 105140
United
Nations
Humanitarian
Air Service
Apr 06 -
Dec 09_ _ _ _ _ _ 67,404,174 56,767,123 84% _
Provide a safe, responsive, efficient and
cost-effective air transport service for
the humanitarian and development
community for the rehabilitation and
reconstruction
of Afghanistan; Provide the capability
for medical and emergency security
evacuation when required.
_ _
PRRO 104270
Post-Conflict
Relief and
Rehabilitation
in the Islamic
Republic of
Afghanistan
Jan 06 -
Mar 10276,556 214,071 5,546,819 6,066,173 457,586,534 381,945,149 877,317,083 688,552,577 78% 55%
Enhance food security and improve the
human and productive capital of
vulnerable Afghans in highly food-
insecure and remote areas, with
special emphasis on vulnerable women
and children.
1-5 SF, GFD, HIV/AIDS
and TB,
therapeutic and
supplementary
feeding, MCH,
FFW/FFT, C&V
% funded
Afghanistan 2009 - 2011 Portfolio description
Activities
Source: SPR, PD, Resource Situation (13 November 2011), Dacota
% funded: Actual $/ Planned $ = Confirmed Contributions / Approved contrib.
Food
Cost/
Total Cost
Objectives SO'sMT (thousands) Beneficiaries (thousands)Food cost Total WFP Cost
(USD, millions) (USD, millions)Operation
Operation
Title
Time
Frame
Annual Average Totals by project
22
Annex 5: Key stakeholders by project
Operation
NumberOperation Title Timing Beneficiaries Multi and Bilateral Funding donors
Cooperating International
Agencies
Operational Governmental
PartnersCooperating International NGOs
PRRO 200063
Enhancing Resil ience
and Food Security in
Afghanistan
Apr 10 - Mar 13
IDPs and returnees; FFW and
FFA beneficiaries, households
headed by disabled people or
widows; malnourished
children under 5 and
pregnant and lactating
women; Food for training and
food for education especially
among girls; support to
people under tubercolosis
programme
Australia, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Finland,
Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zeland, Poland,
Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia,
Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, U.K., U.S.A.
FAO, WHO, UNHCR,
UNICEF
Ministry of Agriculture,
Irrigation and Livestock, the
Ministry of Rural
Rehabilitation and
Development, the Ministry of
Education, the Ministry of
Public Health, the Ministry of
Labour, Social Affairs, Martyrs
and Disabled and the Ministry
of Refugees and Returnees.
Action Contre la Faim, Aga Khan
Foundation, Aga Khan Health
Services, Aide Medicale
Internationale, Associazione Pro
Bambini di Kabul, BRAC, Care
International, Danish Afghan
Commitee, German Leprosy and TB
Relief Association, Health Net TPO,
German Medical Services,
International Medical Corps, Mercy
Malasya, Medair, Norwegian Afghan
Commitee, Save the Children
International, Tearfund
SO 200092
Provision of Common
Humanitarian Air
Service to UN Agencies,
NGOs and Counterparts
in Afghanistan
Jan 10 - Dec 11 _
European Commission, Japan, USA
_ _
SO 107080
Provision of emergency
telecommunication
service to humanitarian
community in
Afghanistan
Oct 07 - Feb 08 _
UN CERF UNOPS, UNHCR,
UNICEF, UNDP, FAO,
WHO, UNAMA, World
Bank, and the Asian
Development
Bank
_
Agency for Technical
Cooperation and Development
(ACTED),
Action Aid, Aide Medicale
Internationale (AMI), CARE
International, Catholic Relief
Services (CRS), Danish
Committee for
Aid to Afghan Refugees
SO 105140
United Nations
Humanitarian Air
Service
Apr 06 - Dec 09 _
Canada, Germany, Japan, Norway, Spain,
UN CERF, USA _ _
PRRO 104270
Post-Conflict Relief and
Rehabilitation in the
Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan
Jan 06 - Mar 10
Foof for Work, Cash for Work
and Food for Training
beneficiaries; beneficiaries of
Food For Education for
Increased Enrolment and
Nutrition; monthly rations for
teacher training;TB patients;
beneficiaries for
supplementary feeding;
Australia, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Denmark,
European Commission, Faroe Islands, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, India,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland,
Qatar, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi
Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UN Cerf, UN
Common Funds and Agencies, U.K., USA
FAO, UNAMA, UNDP, the
United Nations
Environment
Programme (UNEP),
UNHCR, UNICEF, UNOPS,
WFP and WHO
Ministry of the Economy,
Ministry of Education,
Ministry of Women’s Affairs,
Ministry of Transport,
Ministry of Health, Ministry of
Agriculture, Animal
Husbandry and Food, Ministry
of Rural Rehabilitation and
Development
Aga Khan Health Services, BRAC,
Care International, German Medical
Srevices, International Medical
Corps, Leprosy Control Organization,
Medair, Mercy Malasia, Save the
Children International, Norwegian
Afghan Commitee, Solidarite
Afghanistan Belgium
Source: Project documents, Resource Updates, http://home.wfp.org/NGO/index
23
Indicator Source
(2001)
(2010)
(1990-95)
(2010-15)
(1990)
(2010)
(2000)
(2010)Rank
(2000) UNDP HDR 2002
(2007)Rank
(2001) UNDP HDR 2001
(2010) UNDP HDR 2010
(2002)
(2008)
(2002)
(2008)
(2003)
(2008)
(2002)
(2008)
Income/food deficit status (LIFDC: Yes
or No)2011 FAO Country Profile
Mod & Sev Severe
33 y 12y
Prevalence of anaemia in < 5 (000) 2006WHO "Prevalence of
anemia ‘93-‘05"
(1990)
(2009)
Maternal Mortality rate (per 100,000
live births)(2000-2007) UNICEF SOWC 09
(2000) UNDP HDR 2002
(2010) UNDP HDR 2010
(2001)
(2009)
Public expenditures on health (% of
government expenditures)(2000-07) UNDP HDR 2009
Male Female
49x 18x
Annex 6: Core standard indicators
(2000-2008) 42% UNDP HDR 2010
70%
y/x: Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in the column heading, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part
of a country. Such data are included in the calculation of regional and global averages
Mod & Sev
9y
59y
Mod & Sev (2003-09)
Educ
atio
n
Literacy Rate Youth
(15-24 y) (%)
UNICEF SOWC 11
UNICEF SOWC 11
1600
UNICEF SOWC 11
a: population figures are based on the 2006 projection from the 2004 revision from the United Nations Population Division.
UNDP HDR 2010(2008) 52
(2003-09)
Population not using improved water
source (%)
(2004-08) UNICEF SOWC 09
Life expectancy at birth42.6
44.6
Weight-for-age (Underweight),
prevalence for < 5 (%)
People l iving with HIV - Adults +
Children (estimate)
_
5732
Weight-for-height (Wasting),
prevalence for < 5 (%)(2003-09)
Height-for-age(Stunting), prevalence
for < 5 (%)
UNAIDS Global AIDS
Epidemic Report 2010_
83
Pove
rty
Population living below National
poverty l ine (%)
Food
Sec
urity Yes
Prevalence of undernourishment (% of
total population)(2000)
< 5 mortality rate (per 1000 live births)250
UNICEF SOWC 11199
FAO The State of Food
Insecurity in the World
2002
Heal
thN
utrit
ion
Econ
omic
Gini Index_
_
GDP per capita (PPP US$)
Annual GDP growth rate14.3
158
World Bank. WDI.3.4
Agriculture as % of GDP45%
World Bank. WDI.29%
World Bank. WDI.362
GNI per capita (US$)490
World Bank. WDI.860
Core Standard Indicators for Country Context - Afghanistan
DataGe
nera
l
Population (total, mill ions)26.7
World Bank. WDI.34.3
Average annual growth (%)7.3
UNDP HDR 20103.2
Urban Population (% of total)18.1
UNDP HDR 201022.6
Human Development Index 0.349 UNDP HDR 2010
155
Gender- related Development index_
0.310UNDP HDR 2009
154
_
24
Annex 7: Factsheet
Timeline and funding level of Afghanistan portfolio operations
Operation Title Time Frame
EMOP
200366
Relief food assist. for
drought-affected
popul. in northern
Afghanistan
Oct 11 - Sep 12Req: $93
mill ion
PRRO
200063
Enhancing Resilience
and Food Security in
Afghanistan
Apr 10 - Mar 13
SO 200092
Provision of Common
Humanit. Air Service
to UN Ag., NGOs and
Counterparts in Afgh.
Jan 10 - Dec 11
SO 107080
Provision of
emergency telecom.
service to
humanitarian
community in Afghan.
Oct 07 - Feb 08
SO 105140
United Nations
Humanitarian Air
Service
Apr 06 - Dec 09
PRRO
104270
Post-Conflict Relief
and Rehabilitation in
the Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan
Jan 06 - Mar 10
P4P Purchase for Progress Mar 10 - Mar 15
M F M F M F M F M F M F
2,467,675 2,262,834 3,450,009 3,314,867 4,521,773 4,173,494 4,734,855 4,291,055 3,397,888 3,158,159 n.a n.a
Source: las t SPR avai lable, Resource Si tuation (3 October 2011), APR 2006 - 2010
Requirements (Req.) and Contributions (Contrib.) are US$ mi l l ions
2006
114,515
94.8
4%
4,730,509
2007
217,008
133.7
5%
6,764,876
Beneficiaries (actual)
Total of Beneficiaries (actual, thousands)
Food Distributed (MT)
Direct Expenses (US$ millions)
5%
9,025,910
Req: $67,404,174 Contrib: $57,624,699
2008
248,807
204.8
6%
8,695,267
% Direct Expenses: Afghanistan vs. World
2010
6,556,047
145,267
168.8
4%
Req: $1,100,364,923
Contrib: $454,967,745
Req: US$ 31,114,170
2011
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
2009
275,955
206.6
Req: $323,212
Contrib: $323,212
Req: $877,317,083 Contrib: $688,552,577
Req: $39,726,786
Contrib: $27,844,278
LEGEND
Funding
Level
> 75 %
Between 50
and 75%
Less than
50 %
2013
2015
2012
Education Nutrition GFD Cash* FFW/FFA/FFT HIV
PRRO 200063 X X X X X X
Planned % of
beneficiaries43 4 43 7 3
Actual % of
beneficiaries45 3 39 9 4
PRRO 104270 X X X X X X
Planned % of
beneficiaries59 5 18 1 15 2
Actual % of
beneficiaries59 1 20 1 18 1
Source: WFP Dacota
*Beneficiary share not available for PRRO 200063 as activity was implemented in Feb.2011
Activities by operation and beneficiary share
58%
5%
23%
1% 11% 2%
Education 58%
Nutrition 5%
GFD 23%
Cash 1%
FFW/FFA/FFT11%
% of planned beneficiaries by
Top 5 donors: USA, Japan, India, United Kingdom, Australia
Partners: Government of Afghanistan, 7 International Agencies and 80 NGOs
25
Annex 8: Library
Library for Afghanistan Country Portfolio Evaluation Author Date Pages
1 - Documents relative to the evaluation exercise
WFP Evaluation Policy WFP OE 16
Code of Conduct for Evaluation in the UN System UNEG 8
Impacts evaluations and Development - NONIE Guidance Frans Leeuw, Jos Vaessen
A - Evaluation Quality Assurance System
Inception Report
Template + Quality Checklist WFP OE
Evaluation Report
Template + Quality Checklist WFP OE
Technical Notes
TN - Stakeholders Analysis UNICEF
TN - evaluation matrix The Road to Results, G. Mora, Ray C.
TN - Logic Model Real World Evaluation, M. Bamberger, J. Rygh
TN - Evaluation team members work plan and proposed stakeholders meeting WFP OE
B - Terms of Reference
2 - Government Documents
Afghanistan Nationa Development Strategy 2008-2013 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 2008 259
Afghanistan Millennium Development Goals Report 2010 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Oct-10 60
Agriculture Prospects Report 2011 Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock May-11 17
Summary of the National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 2007/08 GoA & EU 2007 24
Agriculture Prospects Report 2009 Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock May-09 21
Poverty Status in Afghanistan Ministry of Economy Jul-10 90
Joint Evaluation of the Paris Declaration Phase 2: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry of Finance 2010 66
Response to Global Monitoring Report, The hidden crisis: Armed Conflict and Education Ministry of Education 2011 10
The National Strategic Education Plan Ministry of Education Aug-10 19
Fact Sheet GoA 2011 1
Health and Nutrtion Sector Strategy Ministry of Health Feb-08 92
Strategic Plan for the Ministry of Public Health (2011-2015) Ministry of Health May-11 63
3 - WFP Afghanistan
A - Operations
See sheet "Operations" (SPRs, PD, Budget, Budget Revisions, LTSH Matrices, etc) WFP
B - Evaluations
Evaluation Report of Afghanistan – PRRO 10427.0 Post Conflict Relief and Rehabilitation in the Islamic Republic of
AfghanistanWFP Oct-09 198
Summary Report of Evaluation Report of Afghanistan – PRRO 10427.0 WFP Oct-09 16
Management Response to the recommendations of the summary evaluation report AFGH PRRO 104270 WFP Jan-10 9
Strategic Evaluation of WFP's Contingency Planning 2002-2008 WFP Oct-09 100
Evaluation of Afghanistan PRRO 10233WFP Apr-04 61+annexes
Review of the UNJLC Core unitWFP May-04 13
Review of the United Nations Joint Logistics Centre (UNJLC) Operations in AfghanistanWFP Sep-03 7
26
C - Assessment Reports
A Regional View of Wheat Markets and Food Security in Central Asia - with a focus on Afghanistan and Tjikistan WFP/FEWSNET Jul-11 35
Afghanistan - National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 2007/8EU Oct-09 155
Northern Wheat Trader Survey and Afghan Food SecurityWFP/FEWSNET Aug-07 50
National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 2005Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and
Development Kabul Jun-07 187
Afghanistan - Market Price Bulletin WFP Aug-11 5
D - Strategic Review Reports
Review of WFP School Feeding in Afghanistan WFP Aug-11 65
Review of the Wet Feeding Pilot Project Afghanistan (2009 – 2010) WFP Jan-10 38
A Strategic Review of World Food Programme (WFP) Operations in Afghanistan WFP May-11 52
4 - WFP Docs
A - Policies
WFP Strategic Plan 2008 to 2013 WFP May-08 23
WFP Strategic Plan 2006 to 2009 WFP Jun-05 43
Programme Category Review WFP Jun-10 17
Strategic Results framework (related to WFP Strategic Plan 2008-2013) WFP Jan-09 15
Implementation Action Plan for Capacity Development and Hand-Over 2010-2013 WFP 2010 17
Consolidated framework of WFP policies WFP Oct-09 35
Gender Policy - Policy Brief WFP 2
WFP Gender Policy WFP Feb-09 15
Food Aid and Livelihoods in Emergencies Strategies for WFP (2003) WFP May-03 14
Food for Nutrition : mainstreaming nutrition in WFP, 2004 WFP Apr-04 17
Nutrition in emergencies : WFP experiences and challenges, 2004 WFP Apr-04 17
Micronutrient fortification : WFP experiences & ways forward, 2004 WFP Apr-04 16
School Feeding Policy WFP Oct-09 27
Vouchers and cash transfers as food assistance instruments : opportunities and challenges WFP 01-Oct 20
Disaster and risk reduction (DRR) Policy WFP Jan-09 21
HIV/AIDS Policy (for EB approval) WFP Jun-10 1
School Feeding Policie: Investment Case Manual WFP 23
B - Evaluations
Summary Report of the Evaluation of WFP's Capacity Development WFP Office of Evaluation Apr-08 14
Management Response to Evaluation of WFP's Capacity Development Policy and Operationes WFP Office of Evaluation May-27 9
Management Response Effectiveness of WFP Livelihood WFP Office of Evaluation May-09 10
Summary Report of the Strategic Evaluation of the Effectiveness of WFP Livelihood Recovery WFP Office of Evaluation Apr-09 14
Thematic Evaluation of the Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation (PRRO) Category WFP Office of Evaluation Feb-04 131
Thematic Review of Targeting in WFP Relief Operations WFP Office of Evaluation Nov-05 176
WFP-UNHCR Joint Evaluation of the Pilot Food Distribution Projects WFP Office of Evaluation Jan-06 76/160
Support to Information Systems for Food Security FAO, WFP Office of Evaluation Oct-09 190
C - General Docs
Memorandun of Understanding between UNHCR and WFP WFP Juk-02 16
Water Harvesting for improved drought preparedness using Food for Assets WFP Oct-08 41
27
D - Nutrition
WFP Food and Nutrition handbook WFP N/A 130
WFP Nutrtition Product Sheet WFP Oct-11 2
The right food at the right time WFP Jun-11 15
Mother and child nutrition (MCHN) WFP 9
WFP NUTRITION IMPROVEMENT APPROACH WFP Jul-10 23
Food for Nutrition : mainstreaming nutrition in WFP, 2004 WFP Apr-04 17
E - HIV
The evolution of Food Assistance for HIV care and treatment 2000 to 2009; A decade of institutional innovations WFP 2009 20
Getting Started: HIV, AIDS and gender in WFP programmes WFP Jun-06 40
Food Assistance Programming in the Context of HIV WFP Sep-07 278
F - School Feeding
Sustainable School Feeding: Lifting school children out of the hunger trap WFP Nov-09 17
Rethinking School Feeding WFP/WB 2009 188
WFP and WB Partnership: A New Approach to School Feeding WFP Dec-09 6
New Approach to School Feeding WFP N/A 5
Transition Strategy for Sustainable School Feeding WFP N/A 24
School Feeding Cost Tools WFP 11
School feeding and nutrition 2010 WFP 5
G - Refugees
Refugees WFP 5
Joint assessment guidelines WFP/UNHCR Jun-04 216
MOU (Memorandum of understanding)WFP/UNHCR Jul-02 14
H - Food Security
FSMS Indicators Compendium WFP May-10 71
FSMS technical guidance WFP May-10 86
I - Capacity Development
Policy on Capacity Development WFP Oct-09 16
Operational Guide to Strengthen Capacity of Nations to Reduce Hunger (2010) WFP Mar-10 132
J - Beneficiary Definition
Guidance Note on Beneficiary Definition Counting WFP 11
5 - Afghanistan documents from external sources
1 - UNDP
Assessment of Development Results, Evaluation of UNDP contribution Afghanistan UNDP May-09 150
Evaluation of UNDP assistance to conflict affected countries - Case study Afghanistan UNDP 2006 57
UNDP Afghanistan 2010 Annual Report UNDP 2010 24
Police Perception Survey, 2009 the Afghan Perspective UNDP 2009 65
Assessment of Development Results Repost, Afghanistan UNDP May-09 150
Baseline Study of Pilot Democratic Policing UNDP Mar-10 46
Afghanistan Westrern Regions Update UNDP Jul-10 6
United Nations Development Assistance Framework 2010-2013 in support to the Afghanistan National Development
StrategyUNDP 2010 30
Afghanistan Human Development Report UNDP 2007 173
2 - UN AFGHANISTAN
Common Country Assessment 2004 UNAMA 2004 89
Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict - Afghanistan Annual Report UNAMA Mar-11 70
Children and Armed Conflict - Visit of the Special Representative for Children & Armed Conflict to Afghanistan UNAMA Feb-10 15
Harmful Traditional Practices and Implementation of the Law on Elimination of Violence against Women in
AfghanistanUNAMA Dec-10 62
The situation in Afghanistan and its implications for international peace and security UNAMA Mar-08 18
28
3 - FAO
Strengthening National Seed Production Capacity in Afghanistan FAO 2007 61
Price Monitoring and Analysis Country Brief Jan-Apr 2011 FAO Jan-11 2
Global Forest Resources Assessment - Afghanistan FAO 2010 32
4 - UNHCR
Afghanistan Situation Operationa Update UNHCR Sep-09 10
Study on cross border population movements between Afghanistan and Pakistan UNHCR Jun-09 76
Shelter Update UNHCR Feb-09 2
National Profile of Internal Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Afghanistan UNHCR Aug-08 50
Estimated Population - 2012 - 2013 and Expected Refugee Returnees - 2009 - 2013 to Selected Areas/districts -
AfghanistanUNHCR 1
UNHCR Afghanistan Global Appeal 2010-2011 UNHCR 2010 4
UNHCR Afghanistan Global Report 2010 UNHCR 2010 4
5 - UNAIDS/WHO
Country Progress Report UNAIDS Mar-10 77
Epidemiologial FactsheetUNAIDS/WHO 2009 3
Afghanistan Health Profile WHO 2009 2
Global Report 2010 UNAIDS 2010 364
Country Cooperation Strategy for WHO and Afghanistan WHO 2006 107
Country Cooperation Strategy at Glance WHO Mar-11 2
Sexual and Reproductive Health in Protracted Crises and Recovery UNFPA/WHO Sep-09 21
Immunization Profile - Afghanistan WHO Jul-11 4
6- UNDAF
United Nations Development Assistance Framework In Support to the Afghanistan National Development
Strategy 2010-2013UNDAF 32
United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) for the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 2006-2008 UNDAF 2006 62
7 - FEWSNET
Afghanistan Food Security Outlook April to September 2011 FEWSNET 2011 6
Afghanistan Price bulletin August 2011 FEWSNET 2011 3
Labor Markets, Liuelihood Strategies and Food Security in Afghanistan FEWSNET May-07 49
The Contribution of Regional Markets to Afghan Wheat Supplies FEWSNET May-07 6
Livelihood zone map FEWSNET Feb-11 1
8 - Others
Afghanistan Research Newsletter Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit Jan-2011 32
UNOPS AGOC Monitoring and Evaluation Services UNOPS 6
Land Issues and Poverty Reduction - Requirements for Lasting Peace in Sudan and Afghanistan IFPRI 2007 4
Afghanistan Politics, Elections and Government Performance Congressional Research Service Jan-10 32
Afghanistan Provincial Briefs World Bank Jun-11 80
The hidden crisis: Armed Conflict and Education UNESCO 2011 420
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper - Progress Report IMF
6 - Reports
Afghanistan Country Profile Economist Intelligence Unit 2008 25
Afghanistan Country Report Economist Intelligence Unit 2011 20
Afghanistan Report NATO 2009 42
Aid and Conflict in Afghanistan International Crisis Group Aug-11 34