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Fire and Explosion Hazard Management(FEHM)
The following extracts from a presentation given at an international oil and petrochemical safety conference illustratethe main concepts behind effective Fire and Explosion Hazard Management (FEHM):
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FIRE AND EXPLOSIONHAZARD MANAGEMENT
SITESITE -- SPECIFIC,SPECIFIC, RATIONALISEDRATIONALISED,, RELEVANTRELEVANT and
COSTCOST -- EFFECTIVEEFFECTIVE
A formalised approach to establish a
fire and explosion consequences.
policy to reduce potential
Why is it needed by the operator? Why is it needed by the operator?
Fire and Explosion consequence reduction can be achieved in many ways :-
Fire prevention, fire detection, emergency shutdown, passive protection, active systems, salvage etc.
As every facility works in its own special environment, it isAs every facility works in its own special environment, it is
important to develop the optimum, costimportant to develop the optimum, cost -- effective incidenteffective incidentconsequence reduction strategy/policy taking into accountconsequence reduction strategy/policy taking into account
local conditions, the plant’s criticality and an incident’slocal conditions, the plant’s criticality and an incident’s
potential effect on life safety, the environment, asset value,potential effect on life safety, the environment, asset value,
continued operations and company image.continued operations and company image.
FIRE AND EXPLOSION
HAZARD MANAGEMENT
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Legislative position Legislative position
Previously, fire protection practices used in high risk industries have been very prescriptive in approach and notbased on the real needs of a particular facility. However,
due to major incident experience, internationallyrecognised authorities such as NFPA ( U.S.A. ) and HSE
( U.K. ) have set a requirement for “goal setting”performance based standards within a “Safety Case”.
Consequently, it is now recommended that fireConsequently, it is now recommended that fire
responders assess and justify requirements forresponders assess and justify requirements for
cost effective fire protection resources based oncost effective fire protection resources based oncredible major incident scenarios.credible major incident scenarios.
FIRE AND EXPLOSIONHAZARD MANAGEMENT
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NO CONFLICT!NO CONFLICT!
LEGISLATOR ANDOPERATOR
BOTH RISK RISK BASED
FIRE AND EXPLOSIONHAZARD MANAGEMENT
HOWEVER!Policies based on only meeting legislation are not necessarily
appropriate or sufficient.
FIRE AND EXPLOSION
HAZARD MANAGEMENT
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National interestsNational interests
Societal SafetySocietal Safety
EnvironmentEnvironment
Personnel SafetyPersonnel Safety
FIRE AND EXPLOSIONHAZARD MANAGEMENT
Legislator Concerns Legislator Concerns
Public image
Business Interruption
Asset Loss
FIRE AND EXPLOSION
HAZARD MANAGEMENT
Additional Operator Concern Additional Operator Concerns
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The Solution :The Solution : --
FIRE AND EXPLOSIONFIRE AND EXPLOSIONHAZARDHAZARD
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
Based on evaluation of Based on evaluation of credible scenarios credible scenarios
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ObjectiveObjective To establish, in an auditable way, a formal,site-specific justified and cost effectivefire and explosion damage mitigationpolicy appropriate to the criticality andoverall needs of the facility
MethodologyMethodology Fire and Explosion Hazard ManagementFire and Explosion Hazard Managementusing fire scenario analysis
CriticalityCriticality
factorsfactorsLife SafetyEnvironment
Continuity of OperationsAsset / Investment valuePublic image
FIRE AND EXPLOSIONHAZARD MANAGEMENT
Identi fy f ire hazards Identi fy f ire hazards
Develop f i re scenar ios Develop f i re scenar ios
Evaluate escalat ion cons equences Evaluate escalat ion cons equences
Select scenar ios fo r fur ther analysis Select sc enar ios for fu r ther analysis
Develop p rov is iona l po l icy Develop p rov is iona l po l icy
Compare response opt ions Compare response opt ions
Select cos t Select cos t - - ef fect ive op t ion ef fect ive opt io n Final ise respo ns e pol icy / strategy Final ise respo nse po l icy / strategy
Prov ide respo nse resources Prov ide respo nse resources
Prepare to u se reso urc es Prepare to use resou rces
Test resou rces Test resou rces
Mainta in reso urces Mainta in resou rces
Review / update pol icy Review / upd ate pol icy
Iterate
FIRE AND EXPLOSIONHAZARD MANAGEMENT
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FireScenarioAnalysis
CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCESLife Safety
Environment
Business InterruptionAsset ValueOther Issues
Incident Descriptions
Ignition Sources
Hazardous Materials
Compare Risk ReductionOptions
Evaluate AlternativePrevention, Protection& Mitigation Measures
DefineFHM
Policy
Formalisation
Legislation
Implement
Equipment Maintenance
Preplanning
Exercises
Fire Training
Update
POSSIBLE INPUT TOOLSPOSSIBLE INPUT TOOLS
HAZOPHAZOPQRAQRA
INCIDENT EXPERIENCEINCIDENT EXPERIENCE
FIRE ENGINEERINGFIRE ENGINEERING
FIRE MODELLINGFIRE MODELLINGCOST BENEFIT ANALYSISCOST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
DESIGN STANDARDSDESIGN STANDARDS
CODES OF PRACTICECODES OF PRACTICE
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD MANAGEMENT
FEHM Scenario Based ReviewDeliverables
Scenario Worksheets
Formalised, Cost - Effective and J ustified
Incident Response Policy
Pre - Fire Plans
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Extreme cases :Extreme cases :--
Burndown Burndown Policy Policy No damage mitigation measures.
Total Protection Total Protection Full automatic shutdown.Comprehensive passive protection.
Sophisticated automatic fire and gasdetection / protection systems.
Full portable / mobile equipment back-up.
In practice, most facilities will adopt a policy somewhere between the two extremes
FIRE AND EXPLOSIONHAZARD MANAGEMENT