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First Steps of Digestion
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How Important Are Teeth?Teeth provide surface for mechanical digestion.• Molars—grinding • Incisor—biting • Canine—piercing • Bicuspid—grinding
Tongue• Keeps food in place• Push bolus back in mouth
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Digestion In The Mouth:• Our teeth break down food into physically
smaller pieces that can be acted on by digestive enzymes.
• The first enzyme that the food encounters in our mouth is called salivary amylase.
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Salivary Amylase:• Salivary amylase is released by our salivary
glands and is the most abundant enzyme in our saliva.
• Salivary amylase begins the digestion of carbohydrates.
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Digestion of Starch:• Salivary amylase in the mouth begins the
digestion of starch.
Starch
Salivary Amylase
Disaccharides
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Digestion of Starch:• The breakdown of starch continues in the small
intestine.
• Pancreatin (a mixture of several digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas) – Amylase– Lipase– Protease
• In the small intestine the disaccharides are further broken down into monosaccharaides.
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Digestion of Starch:
Starch
Salivary Amylase
Disaccharides
Pancreatic Amylase
monosaccharaides
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Digestion In The Mouth:• Your saliva also contains an enzyme called
Lysozyme.– Fights infection by breaking down the cell walls of
bacteria that may come in contact with food.
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Pharynx and Epiglottis• Once food is chewed it moves to the back of
the throat- this area is called the pharynx.
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Pharynx and Epiglottis• The epiglottis is a flap that
is made of elastic cartilage tissue.
• The epiglottis prevents food from going down your trachea.– Allows the passage of air to
the lungs.
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Moving on…..• The food that has been mechanically digested by
the teeth and that has begun chemical digestion by salivary amylase is now called a bolus.
• The bolus enters the esophagus from the pharynx.