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Camilla BrasherETIS 6070
Dr. Carol Boraiko
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More and more workers are staying past retirement age
Older workers require more assistance at maintaining the pace of younger ones
Worker productivity, longevity and moral are important areas to consider in keeping profitability high
Ergonomics extends benefits to all workers Ergonomics programs decrease turnover,
workers compensation rates, and increase productivity
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Ergonomics challenges during the next decade will include fitting the job to the older worker
Between 2000 and 2020 the population of those in their fifties will jump 40%
People above 65 will increase more than 40%Younger age brackets will shrinkEmployees are not retiring at the rate of
other generationsMany are returning to work after retiring
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Making the workplace more user-friendly means happier and more productive workers
Removing inefficiencies can improve employee moral and also add to the bottom line
Tools that are hard to use and tasks that are hard on workers are inefficient
Control panels that are confusion make the job harder
Jobs that are harder and inefficient slow productionRework increases and substandard products get
producedWorkers comp rates increase without ergonomics
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Musculoskeletal disorders cause
Higher absenteeismLower qualityHigher turnoverLower qualityLower moral
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These problems affect the bottom lineLoss of time injuriesTurnover due to uncomfortable
working conditionsHigher workers compensation ratesHigher training costs for
replacementsLower product quality and higher
rework rates
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Affect tendons, ligament, and jointsMost common injuries are to the back and
upper extremitiesRisk factors are repetition, force awkward
postures, contact stress, vibration and temperature extremes
Many jobs have several of these factorsHigh force and high repetition increase
injuries by sixteen times jobs with low force and low repetition
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Technology has changedComputers, hand-held scanners,
mechanized controlsIncrease in reportingIncrease in awarenessRealization that compensation is
available
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Ergonomics becomes increasingly important due to changes in the body as we age
Vision problemsLoss of light transmissivityOculomotor (following moving targets)ImpairmentsCataractsGlaucomaAge-related macular degeneration (loss of near vision)
It is estimated that 30% of drivers over age 45 may have vision acuity problems making them more dangerous in low light conditions
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Hearing problemsHearing loss begins around age 30Accelerates as we ageOlder workers in auditory, multi-task
environments scored significantly less than younger workers
Tasks requiring auditory discrimination should be reduced in industrial systems to protect older workers
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Mental functioningDecreases with ageOlder workers learn at a slower paceRetain information from new skills at a lower level
Response timeBecomes slowerResearch is conflictedSome say training can decrease older workers
response time, particularly if a task is flexible in the order in which it is preformed
Some say that if task complexity is high, tasks are unfamiliar or time is short, younger workers have the advantage
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Decrease in physical strength and flexibilityIndustrial work requires
Physical strengthAgilityEnduranceOlder workers do not stretch for controls as
much as younger onesHold their arms closer to their bodiesDo not lift arms as high as younger workers
These abilities tend to decrease, especially in persons 50 and older
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More likely to die from fallsLoss of coordinationBalanceLoss of postural stabilityReduced strength1/3 of workers comp. claims in the
over 65 age range are due to falling
Slower healing from injuries
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Experience can offset many of the detriments of aging
Familiarity with a task can increase a workers value
When driving older workers are much better at navigation
Improved driving strategies that come with experience
Do not need to glance at a map for as long as younger drivers
More time is spent watching road conditions
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Have longer attention spans Can concentrate on a task better than
younger workers Experience with a task requires less
attention to the taskWith increased ergonomic measures, older
workers can compete with younger counterparts
Good decision making skills
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Task lighting can improve visual acuityLifts and other workstation improvements can
improve strength and negate flexibility and endurance
Improved workstation design can improve and eliminate CTDs
Changing auditory warnings or using newer PPE hearing protection can improve hearing abilities
Increased training on newer technologies can help with mental acuity
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Research into aging is ongoing and every human faces limits as they age
Ergonomic principals are going to be necessary as the demographics are not changing
Full-time employees spend 1/3 of their lives at work and work should not hurt whether you are 18 or 80
In order to maintain competitiveness ergonomics will have to be implemented
All workers will benefit because ergonomics will improve job performance and satisfaction
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Andre, Jean-Claude. "Complexity and occupational safety and health prevention research." Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 6 (2005): 483-507. Academic Search Premier. 2 Feb. 2009. Keyword: Human Engineering.
Daniellou, Francois. "The French-speaking ergonomists' approach to work activity: cross-influences of field intervention and conceptual models." Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 6 (2005): 409-27. Wilson Web. 2 Feb. 2009. Keyword: ergonomics elderly.
Gay, Geri, and Helene Hembrooke. Activity-Centered Design: An Ecological Approach to Designing Smart Tools and Usable Systems. Cambridge: The Mit P, 2004.
Hoozemans, Marco J., Allard J. Van der Beek, Monique H. Frings-Dresen, Frank J. Van Duk, and Luc H. Van der Woude. "Pushing and Pulling in relation to musculoskeletal disorders: a review of risk factors." Ergonomics 41 (1998): 757-81. Wilson Web. 2 Feb. 2009. Keyword: Human Engineering.
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Howard, Ann. The New Workplace. Ed. David Holman, Toby D. Wall, Chris W. Clegg, and Paul Sparrow. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002.
Imada, Andrew. Participatory Ergonomics. Ed. Kageyu Noro. London: Taylor & Francis, 1991.
Kumar, Shrawan, and Anil Mital, eds. Electromyography in Ergonomics. London: Taylor & Francis, 1996.
Kumashiro, Masaharu. "Ergonomics strategies and actions for achieving productive use of an ageing work-force." Ergonomics 43 (2000): 1007-018. Wilson Web. 2 Feb. 2009 <http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals>.
MacLeod, Dan. Ergonomics edge improving safety, quality and productivity. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995.
McDermott, Hank, Kimberly Lopez, and Brett Weiss. "Computer Ergonomics Programs." Ergonomics 6 (2004). Wilson Web. <http://www.asse.org>.
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Howard, Ann. The New Workplace. Ed. David Holman, Toby D. Wall, Chris W. Clegg, and Paul Sparrow. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002.
Imada, Andrew. Participatory Ergonomics. Ed. Kageyu Noro. London: Taylor & Francis, 1991.
Kumar, Shrawan, and Anil Mital, eds. Electromyography in Ergonomics. London: Taylor & Francis, 1996.
Kumashiro, Masaharu. "Ergonomics strategies and actions for achieving productive use of an ageing work-force." Ergonomics 43 (2000): 1007-018. Wilson Web. 2 Feb. 2009 <http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals>.
MacLeod, Dan. Ergonomics edge improving safety, quality and productivity. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995.
McDermott, Hank, Kimberly Lopez, and Brett Weiss. "Computer Ergonomics Programs." Ergonomics 6 (2004). Wilson Web. <http://www.asse.org>.