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Types of Chemical Reactions
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Five Types of Chemical Reactions
• Remember…a chemical reaction is when one compound is changed into a totally different compound.• While there are millions of different
types of reactions, they can all be classified into five general types.
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Five Types of Chemical Reactions
The five types are:1. Synthesis2. Decomposition3. Single Replacement4. Double replacement5. Combustion
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Synthesis Reaction
• A synthesis reaction takes place when two or more chemicals react to produce a single chemical.• The reactants can be either elements
or molecules (the product is always a molecule).
A + B AB
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Synthesis Reaction
• Practical use – the synthesis of nylon• A key ingredient in toothbrushes,
tents, carpet, clothes, guitar strings…
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Decomposition Reaction
• A decomposition reaction takes place when a molecule breaks down into two or more substances.• The reactant is always a molecule
(never a single element).
AB A + B
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Decomposition Reaction
• An actual example:H2CO3 → H2O + CO2
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Decomposition Reaction
• Practical use – car airbags• The rapid decomposition of sodium
azide causes the bag to inflate with nitrogen gas in about 0.04 seconds!
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Single Replacement Reaction
• A single replacement reaction takes place when one element takes the place of another element in a molecule.• The reactant side always consists of
an element and a molecule.
A +BC B + AC
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Single Replacement Reaction
• An actual example:2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
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Double Replacement Reaction
• A double replacement takes place when two molecules exchange elements.• There are at least two molecules on
both sides of the arrow.
AB + CD AD + BC
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Double Replacement REaction
• An actual example:CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2CO3
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Combustion Reaction
• A combustion reaction takes place when a hydrocarbon reacts rapidly with oxygen gas.• A hydrocarbon is a molecule made of
carbon and hydrogen atoms.• The products are CO2 and H2O.
CH + O2 CO2 + H2O
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Combustion Reaction
• An actual example:CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
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Combustion Reaction• Practical use – internal combustion
engine• Most forms of transportation use this
type of engine.