Download - Flight Simulator Handbook - FlyingWay · Synthetic Flight Dep. Flight Simulator Handbook Revision 02 20 April, 2006 Page 3 FLIGHT ATTITUDES CLIMB ATTITUDE-:ﻲﺗﻵﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ

Flight Simulator Handbook (Instrument Rating Course MFI-200)

First Edition, 2004 Second Print, 2006 Copyright © 2004 by Captain/Hesham Abdalla(Synthetic Flight Dep.) Captain / Hossam Emam (Synthetic Flight Dep.) Captain / Muhammad Shawky (Synthetic Flight Dep.) All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce any part of this book, by any means, without the written permission of the publisher Dedication: Special Thanks to General Pilot / Essam Ahmed (MFI Dean)&

Pilot/ Ahmed Saeid (Head of Training Dep.) for their efforts & supporting in the production of this handbook.

"NO ONE CAN MAKE AN APPROACH SAFER THAN A WELL TRAINED PILOT"

Synthetic Flight Dep.

Flight Simulator Handbook

Revision 02 20 April, 2006

ITEM PAGE - Flight Attitudes Climb Attitude………………………………………………………………………………….……………….. 03 Straight & Level Attitude…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…………………. 04 Descent Attitude……………………………………………………………………………………………... 05 Changing Attitudes…………………………………………………….…………………………………… 06 - ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) ……………………………………………… 08 QDR…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 09 QDM…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Flight Procedures & Course Reversals………………………………………………. 12 - VOR (VHF Omni directional Range) …………………………………………. 14 OBS (Omni Bearing Selector) ………………………………………………………………… 15 VOR Orientation………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Intercepting Radials (FROM FROM, TO TO) ……………………… 17 Changing Radials ( FROM TO) Using OBS…………………………………. 18 Cross Radials………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19 Homing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 Procedure Turn with OBS…………………………………………………………………………… 21 DME (DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT) ………………………………… 22 HSI (HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR), RMI (Radio Magnetic Indicator) ………………………………………………………….

23

- ILS (INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM) …………………………………. 24 ILS BACKCOURSE (BC) ………………………………………………………………………………. 27 ILS CATEGORIES , Aircraft Categories……………………………………………… 28 - HOLDING PATTERNS…………………………………………………………………………………. 29 Standard Hold……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30 Hold Entries…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 32 THE PARALLEL ENTRY (STANDARD HOLD) …………………………………… 33 THE TEARDROP ENTRY (STANDARD HOLD) …………………………………. 34 NON Standard Hold………………………………………………………………………………………… 35 Identifying Entry In Flight…………………………………………………………………………. 37 DME HOLD……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 38 EFFECT OF WIND ON HOLDING PATTERNS…………………………………… 39 - DME ARC…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 40 - TRANSITION LEVEL & TRANSITION ALTITUDE……………. 41 - JEPPESEN APPROACH CHARTS………………………………………………………. 42 - En-route Chart Legend……………………………………………………………………………. 51 - RNAV…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52 - DEFINITIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 53




FLIGHT ATTITUDES

CLIMB ATTITUDE -:احملافظة على اآلتييتم

.א -12- . 3- .

-:للمحافظة على االجتاه א −1 א א א Turnא

Coordinator.א -2 א א Directional Gyroאא

.א

-:محافظة على السرعةلل א −1 א א . Attitude Indicatorאא −2 .Airspeed Indicatorא.(Full Power)א −3

-:للمحافظة على معدل صعود ثابت א−1 א אא

Vertical Speed Indicator. Airspeed Vy (best rate of climb)

Power Setting:

25" MP. 2500 RPM.

Or

Full Throttle 2500 RPM.

Never Leave RPM in Red Arc




STRAIGHT & LEVEL ATTITUDE

-:يتم احملافظة على اآلتي .א −12− . .א −3

-: للمحافظة على االجتاهא −1 א א א Turnא

Coordinator. א -2 א א .אDirectional Gyroא

-: للمحافظة على االرتفاعא −1 א .Altimeterאא -2 א .VSI0א

-: للمحافظة على السرعةא+א −1 .אא

Power Setting: 21" MP. 2300 RPM.




DESCENT

-:يتم احملافظة على اآلتي .א −12− . 3− .

-: للمحافظة على االجتاهא −1 א א א Turnא

Coordinator.א -2 א א .אDirectional Gyroא

-: للمحافظة على السرعةא −1 א א . Attitude Indicatorאא −2 .Airspeed Indicatorאא -3 .א

-:للمحافظة على معدل نزول ثابت א −1 א .אאא −2 א Vertical Speedא

Indicator.

Airspeed as Desired Power Setting:

15~10" MP. Full RPM.




CHANGING ATTITUDES

- : LEVEL& STRAIGHT إىل وضع CLIMBمن وضع א −1 א .אא −2 אא .אא -3 א .TRIMMERא

- :DESCENT إىل وضع CLIMB من وضع א −1 א א .אא -2 .TRIMMERא

- :CLIMBضع إىل و LEVEL& STRAIGHT من وضع א -1 א .אא -2 .TRIMMERא

- :DESCENT إىل وضع LEVEL& STRAIGHT من وضع א −1 א .אא −2 א .DESCENTאאא -3 .TRIMMERא

- :CLIMB إىل وضع DESCENT من وضع א −1 א .אא -2 .TRIMMERא

- : LEVEL& STRAIGHT إىل وضع DESCENT من وضع אא −1 א .אא -2 א .TRIMMERא




PRACTICE

1- HDG 360 7 MIN 2- T/R 090 2.30 MIN 3- T/R 270 2 MIN 4- T/L 180 2 MIN 5- T/L 090 2 MIN 6- T/R 270 2 MIN 7- T/L 180 2 MIN 8- T/L 090 2 MIN 9- T/R 270 2.30 MIN




ADF (Automatic Direction Finder)

BEARING ADF جهاز يف الطائرة N

360 000

090 °

RMI

180 °

270 °

Radio Magnetic Indicator

Non Directional Beacon




QDR Magnetic Bearing From Facility

To Fly More QDR Turn Right To Fly Less QDR Turn Left




QDM Magnetic Heading To Facility

To Fly More QDM Turn Left To Fly Less QDM Turn Right




Follow the Needle (بوز اإلبرة)

Backward the Needle (ديل اإلبرة)

אBearing080oא: א ؟Bearing100oאא: א אא .א60oא

אBearing080oא: א א ؟Bearing100oאא: א א א .א60oא




Basic Instrument Flight Patterns Steps: 1. Start timing at A for 2 minutes from A to B. [Figure A] 2. At B, turn 45° (standard rate). After roll-out, fly 1 minute to C. 3. At C, turn 180°. 4. At completion of turn, time 45 seconds from D to E. 5. Start turn at E for 45° change of heading to reciprocal of heading at beginning

of maneuver.

Steps: 1. Start timing at A for 2 minutes (or as instructed) from A to B. [Figure B] 2. At B, enter a left standard-rate turn for a heading change of 80°. 3. At the completion of the 80° turn at C, immediately turn right for a heading

change of 260°, rolling-out on the reciprocal of the entry heading.

1 to 3 min.




Steps: 1. Start timing at A for 2 minutes from A to B. [Figure C] Reduce airspeed to

holding speed in this interval. 2. At B, enter standard-rate turn for 30° change of heading. Time 1 minute from

B to C. 3. At C, enter standard-rate turn for a 210° change of heading, rolling-out on the

reciprocal of the original entry heading.

Steps: 1. Time 3 minutes straight-and-level flight from A to B. [Figure D] During this

interval, reduce airspeed to the holding speed appropriate for your aircraft. 2. Start 180° standard-rate turn at B. Roll-out at C on the reciprocal of your

heading at A. 3. Time 1 minute straight-and-level flight from C to D. 4. Start 180° standard rate level turn at D, rolling-out on original heading. Note: This pattern is an exercise combining use of the clock with basic maneuvers.




VOR VHF Omni directional Range

VOR Frequency 108.10 – 117.95 MHz

.RADIALאVORאא א .VORא360RADIALאא אRADIALא VORFROMא

TO.א .FROM STATIONאאRADIALא




OBS OMNI BEARING SELECTOR

The OBS display has four elements: A. A Rotating Course Card, calibrated from 0 to 360. B. The Omni Bearing Selector, or OBS knob, used. C. The CDI, or Course Deviation Indicator. D. The TO-FROM indicator

دائما أضع االجتاه أعلى الـ OBS




VOR ORIENTATION

.AR-230O TO VOR050Oא.BR-050O FROM VOR050Oא

אRADIALא ؟C & Dא

FROM H = R TO H X R




INTERCEPTING RADIALS

OBS OBS OBS

OBS OBS OBS

א45oא

FROM FROM

TO TO

א RADIALא

RADIALאCRS

א אRADIALא אTOFROM.א

R030 FROM STATIONא א א

R050 FROM STATIONא(CRS)א

א050 אא.אCDI45Oא




.RADIAL(ORIENTATION)א–1א−2 א .OBSאא−3 .אCDIא

FROM TO USING OBS

OBS

040

FROM

OBS

240

TO

030

210 H 195 240




CROSS RADIALS

א • VORCROSSINGא

RADIALS.א • אRADIALא א (OBS – HSI)א

אCDIא א אCRSא RADIALSא

א אFROMא .TOאא • אRADIALא א(RMI)א א

(TO-FROM)STATION




HOMING

−:OBSאאHOMINGא1− TO.2− CDI. א −3 א א OBSא

.א

−:HSIאאHOMINGא1− TO.2− CDI. CRSאא −3

.CDIא−:RMIאאHOMINGאא −1 .)א(א

OBS

H330

TO

150

R




PROCEDURE TURN WITH OBS

OBS HEADING UPSIDE DOWN

OBS

H210

TO

030

R OBS

030

FROM

210

H=R




DME (DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT)

DME Frequency 962 MHz - 1213 MHz UHF

Function of DME A DME is used for determining the distance from a ground DME transmitter. Compared to other VHF/UHF NAVAIDs, a DME is very accurate. The distance information can be used to determine the aircraft position or flying a track that is a constant distance from the station. This is referred to as a DME arc.




HSI

( HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR )

RMI

( RADIO MAGNETIC INDICATOR )




ILS (INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM)

א)ILS(א−1 א :א

1. Localizer. 2. Glide slope. :א)ILS(א−2

1- Horizontal Course Guidance.

2- Glide Slope.

3- Distance Information.

4- Approach Lighting Aids.

1- LOCALIZER




2- GLIDE SLOPE




3- MARKER BEACONS




ILS BACKCOURSE (BC) To Avoid Reverse Sense during ILS BC Adjust opposite direction of Runway Heading. In this case the G/S inoperative.

2000 ft.

1000 ft.

4 nm 8 nm

With speed 130 kts

0

.5

VSI




ILS CATEGORIES

AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES




HOLDING PATTERNS




STANDARD HOLD

INBOUND

VOR / RADIAL

NDB / BEARING

OUTBOUND HEADING

(KEY OF HOLD)

RMI

ABEAM

ABEAM 1 MIN

Direct Entry א −1 .אא −2 א OUTBOUNDא

. א −3 .INBOUNDאאא −4 א .HOLDא




HOLD ENTRIES

−:אHOLDא،)HOLD)TEARDROPאINBOUNDO070א

O110א .)HOLD) PARALELLאא אQDRRADIALא

RMI

−:HOLDא1−STNDARD HOLDא א2−NON-STANDARD HOLDא א




THE PARALLEL ENTRY (STANDARD HOLD)

א−1 .אא −2 א .COME OUTאOUTBOUNDאא −3 .INBOUNDHOMINGאא −4 א .HOLDא




THE TEARDROP ENTRY (STANDARD HOLD)

א .1 .אא .2 א א030Oא אOUTBOUNDא א

א .אא .3 .INBOUNDHOMINGאא .4 א .HOLDא




NON STANDARD HOLD

TEAR DROP (NON-STANDARD HOLD) א −1 .אא −2 א030Oא אOUTBOUNDא א

א .א

א −3 .INBOUNDHOMINGא

א −4 א .HOLDא

PARALLEL (NON-STANDARD HOLD) א −1 .אא −2 א COMEאOUTBOUNDא

OUT. א −3 .INBOUNDHOMINGאאא −4 .HOLDא




كيفية حتديد مناطق الدخول أثناء الطريان

STANDARD HOLD

NON-STANDARD HOLD




DME HOLD

אHOLDFIXא −1RADIAL.

.OUTBOUNDABEAMא −2




EFFECT OF WIND ON HOLDING PATTERNS




DME ARC

• For flying a DME arc, follow these steps: 1. Track inbound on the OKT 325° radial, frequently

checking the DME mileage readout. 2. A .5 NM lead is satisfactory for groundspeeds of 150 knots

or less; start the turn to the arc at 10.5 miles. At higher groundspeeds, use a proportionately greater lead.

3. Continue the turn for approximately 90°. The roll-out heading will be 055° in no-wind conditions.

4. During the last part of the intercepting turn, monitor the DME closely. If the arc is being overshot (more than 1.0 NM), continue through the originally-planned roll-out heading. If the arc is being undershot, roll out of the turn early.

The procedure for intercepting the 10 DME when outbound is basically the same, the lead point being 10 NM minus .5 NM, or 9.5 NM.

• With an RMI, in a no-wind condition, you should theoretically be able to fly an exact circle around the facility by maintaining a RB of 90° or 270°. In actual practice, a series of short legs are flown. To maintain the arc in figure above, proceed as follows: 1. With the RMI bearing pointer on the wingtip reference (90° or 270° position) and the aircraft at

the desired DME range, maintain a constant heading and allow the bearing pointer to move 5° to 10° behind the wingtip. This will cause the range to increase slightly.

2. Turn toward the facility to place the bearing pointer 5°–10° ahead of the wingtip reference, then maintain heading until the bearing pointer is again behind the wingtip. Continue this procedure to maintain the approximate arc.

3. If a crosswind is drifting you away from the facility, turn the aircraft until the bearing pointer is ahead of the wingtip reference. If a crosswind is drifting you toward the facility, turn until the bearing is behind the wingtip.

4. As a guide in making range corrections, change the RB 10°–20° for each half-mile deviation from the desired arc. For example, in no-wind conditions, if you are 1/2 to 1 mile outside the arc and the bearing pointer is on the wingtip reference, turn the aircraft 20° toward the facility to return to the arc.




TRANSITION LEVEL & TRANSITION ALTITUDE

TARMAC

APT ELEV.

QNH

RUNWAY ELEVATION




JEPPESEN APPROACH CHARTS

1- HEADING




2- PLAN VIEW




3- Profile View (1)




3- Profile View (2)




Approach Segment




TYPE OF RUNWAYS

PRECISION APPROACH PATH INDICATOR (PAPI)




CIRCLE TO LAND




RNAV




DEFINITIONS

OBS: OMNI BEARING SELECTOR. RMI: RADIO MAGNETIC INDICATOR. DGI: DIRECTION GYRO INDICATOR. VSI: VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR. CDI: COURSE DIVIATION INDICATOR. HSI: HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR. RPM: REVOLUTION PER MINUTE. EFIS: ELECTRONIC FLIGHT INSTRUMENT SYSTEM. FMS: FLIGHT MANGMENT SYSTEM. GPS: GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM. QDM: MAGNETIC HEADING TO FACILITY. QDR: MAGNETIC BEARING FROM FACILITY. ADF: AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDING. NDB: NON DIRECTIONAL BAECON. VOR: VHF OMNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE. ILS: INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM. DME: DISTANCE MAESURING EQUIPMENT. SID: STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE. STAR: STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL ROUTES. QFE: HEIGHT ABOVE AIRPORT ELEVATION. QNE: ALTIMETER SETTING 29.92 HG OR 1013.2 MB. QNH: ALTITUDE ABOVE SEA LEVEL. Apt elev: AIRPORT ELEVATION Alt set: ALTIMETER SETTING MAP: MISSED APPROACH POINT RVR: RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE VIS: VISIBILITY MHA: MINIMUM HOLDING ALTITUDE Lctr: LOCATOR FAF FINAL APPROACH FIX MSA: MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE ATIS: AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE VDP(v): VISUAL DESCENT POINT TCH: THRESHOLD CROSSING HEIGHT ALS OUT: APPROACH LIGHT SYSTEM OUT OF SERVICE DA(H): DECISION ALTITUDE (HEIGHT) MSL: MEAN SEA LEVEL MDA(H): MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE(HEIGHT) TDZ or CL out: TOUCHDOWN ZONE OR CENTERLINE LIGHTS OUT OF SERVICE

NDB FREQUENCY : 190 kHz – 535 kHz. & AM Broadcast Band (550 to 1650 kHz) VOR FREQUENCY : 108.0 MHz – 117.95 MHz. VHF ILS FREQUENCY : 108.10 MHz – 111.95 MHz VHF Localizer; and

329.3 MHz – 335.0 MHz UHF Glide-slope Transmitter. DME FREQUENCY : 962 MHz - 1213 MHz UHF

Download - Flight Simulator Handbook - FlyingWay · Synthetic Flight Dep. Flight Simulator Handbook Revision 02 20 April, 2006 Page 3 FLIGHT ATTITUDES CLIMB ATTITUDE-:ﻲﺗﻵﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ

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