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Focus Question
• What new system of government did the delegates agree upon at the Constitutional Convention in 1787?
• They adopted a system of divided power between the federal government and state governments
• Federal government has three branches
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The Philadelphia Convention
• 1787 Purpose was to amend the Articles
• Immediately it was clear a new constitution need to be created
• They met in secret 89 of the 116 days
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The Constitutional Convention
• James Madison proposed only a majority vote was needed to pass any resolution
• Was a key proposal because 13 – 0 votes would have killed it before it got off the ground
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The Constitutional Convention
• Representatives• Most wealthy lawyers,
merchants, or planters• Well-educated men in
their 30s or 40s • Included: Benjamin
Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, George Washington
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The Constitutional Convention
• Thomas Jefferson was ambassador to France
• Washington elected unanimously as presiding officer
• Alexander Hamilton
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Rival Plans of Government
• Virginia Plan• Written primarily by
Virginian James Madison
• The plan traced the outlines of what would become the U.S. Constitution
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Virginia Plan• A national government consisting of three branches with
checks and balances to prevent the abuse of power.• 2 houses: one with members elected by the people and
the other composed of leaders elected by the state legislatures for 7-year terms.
• Both would use population as a basis for dividing seats among the states.
• Federal Government could make and enforce laws• Power was in the Union• Small states disagreed – Small pop. = fewer Reps/less
power
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New Jersey Plan
• Small states vigorously opposed Virginia Plan• 4 largest states would have a majority in both
houses• Presented by William Patterson
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New Jersey Plan
• Small states propose that one house have equal representation for each state
• And a Supreme court to judge legality of laws passed by the legislative branch
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Great Compromise also known as Connecticut Plan
• Debate raged between large and small states • Roger Sherman offered a solution• The Great Compromise
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Connecticut Plan
• Combines New Jersey and Virginia plan
• 2 houses in legislature one based on population (House of Reps)
• One has equal representation for each state (Senate)
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Three – Fifths Compromise
• Should slaves be counted as part of the population
• Southern States demanded that slaves count as part of the population
• If the slaves were not counted the southern states would be weak in representation
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Three – Fifths Compromise
• Three-Fifths Compromise, an agreement to count three-fifths of a state's slaves in apportioning Representatives
• Required all states to return fugitive slaves to their owners.
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Three – Fifths Compromise
• Initially resulted in more representation in congress for southern states
• Over the long term, the Three-Fifths Compromise did not work as the South anticipated
• Northern population grew faster.
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Daily Quiz
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Where was the Constitutional Convention held?
• Philadelphia
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The purpose of the Constitutional Convention was to
• Amend the Articles of Confederation
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Which proposal most resembled the Articles of Confederation?
• The New Jersey Plan
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The Three-Fifths Compromise resulted in
• More representation in Congress for southern states.
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What did the Three-Fifths Compromise require?
• All states to return fugitive slaves to their owners.