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Foot and Mouth Disease in Southeast Asia
Dr. Ronello C. AbilaOIE,Regional Coordinator
and
Dr. Wilai Wilai LinchongsubongkockHead, FMD Regional Reference Laboratory
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Foot and Mouth Disease• caused by a virus of the genus
Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae. • seven serotypes of FMD virus • O, A, C, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3, and
Asia 1, • Disease of cloven-footed animals• No public health importance
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Species affected• Domestic animals - Cattle, pigs, sheep,
goats and buffalo • many species of cloven-hoofed wildlife,
such as African buffalo, deer, antelope and wild pigs may become infected
• apart from the African buffalo wildlife involvement in the epidemiology of FMD in the domesticated species is not certain
• strains of FMD virus that infect cattle have been isolated from wild pigs and deer
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Clinical signs• Vesicular diseases • vesicles(blisters) and
erosions of the epithelium of the mouth, nares, muzzle, feet, and teats
• fever, lameness, inappetence
• Highly contagious• High Morbidity, low
mortality
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Impact on Farmer’s livelihood• Loss draft power• Low productivity• Added cost on
treatment• Reduced value of
their livestock• Reduced farmer’s
income
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OIE Website - January 2004
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Conjectured Status of FMD 2003
SEPTEMBER 2003
Intermediate, sporadic
Endemic
Free
Free. Virus present in game parks
Free with vaccination
OIE/FAO World and Community Reference LaboratoryWRL
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Argentina Bolivia EcuadorParaguay Venezuela Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Countries in which FMD was reported, 2003
OIE/FAO World and Community Reference LaboratoryWRL
Cambodia (?)Hong Kong (O)Laos PDR (O)Malaysia (A&O)Myanmar (O)Philippines (O)Thailand (A&O)Vietnam (O)
Afghanistan BangladeshBhutan IndiaIran Nepal Pakistan TajikistanTurkey UEA
43 countries reported FMDV outbreaks
10 FEBRUARY 2004
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Distribution of FMD type O 2003
Countries in which FMD was reported OIE/FAO World and Community Reference Laboratory
WRL10 FEBRUARY 2004
24 countries 24 countries
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15 countries which submitted FMD type O isolates to the
OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratory in 2003
OIE/FAO World and Community Reference LaboratoryWRL
10 FEBRUARY 2004
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Distribution of FMD type A 2003
Countries in which FMD was reported 10 FEBRUARY 2004 OIE/FAO World and Community Reference LaboratoryWRL
12 countries
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6 countries which submitted FMD type A isolates to the
OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratory in 2003
OIE/FAO World and Community Reference LaboratoryWRL
10 FEBRUARY 2004
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Distribution of FMD type Asia 1 2003
Countries in which FMD was reported10 FEBRUARY 2003 OIE/FAO World and Community Reference Laboratory
WRL
3 countries
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MARCH 2003
1 countries which submitted FMD type Asia 1 isolates to the
OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratory in 2003
OIE/FAO World and Community Reference LaboratoryWRL
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Distribution of FMD type SAT 1 2003
Countries in which FMD was reported10 FEBRUARY 2003 OIE/FAO World and Community Reference Laboratory
WRL
2 countries
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Distribution of FMD type SAT 2 2003
Countries in which FMD was reported10 FEBRUARY 2003 OIE/FAO World and Community Reference Laboratory
WRL
7 countries
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JUNE 2003
2 countries which submitted FMD type SAT isolates to the
OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratory in 2003
SAT 1
SAT 1 + SAT 2
SAT 2
SAT 1 FMD Ab was reported OIE/FAO World and Community Reference Laboratory
WRL
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JANUARY 2004
2 countries which submitted SVD isolates to the OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratory in 2003
OIE/FAO World and Community Reference LaboratoryWRL
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January 2004
FMD Type O
FMD Type AClinical Diagnosis
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February 2004
FMD Type O
FMD Type AClinical Diagnosis
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March 2004
FMD Type O
FMD Type AClinical Diagnosis
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April 2004
FMD Type O
FMD Type AClinical Diagnosis
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May 2004
FMD Type O
FMD Type AFMD Type O
FMD Type AClinical Diagnosis
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June 2004
FMD Type O
FMD Type AClinical Diagnosis
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July 2004
FMD Type O
FMD Type AClinical Diagnosis
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August 2004
FMD Type O
FMD Type AClinical Diagnosis
FMD Type O
FMD Type AClinical Diagnosis
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September 2004
FMD Type O
FMD Type AClinical Diagnosis
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Southeast Asia FMD Campaign
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OIE SEAFMD Campaign
Office International des Epizootes (OIE) Southeast Asia Foot and Mouth Disease (SEAFMD) Campaign
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OIE SEAFMD Campaign• 1994 - OIE Sub-Commission for
FMD Control in Southeast Asia• 1995 - 1st Meeting• 1997 - OIE Regional
Coordinating Unit (RCU) forSEAFMD was established in Bangkok
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OIE SEAFMD Campaign• Phase I (1997 to 2000)• Funding from Sweden , Australia,
OIE Tokyo, • Support from Thailand and
member countries (in Kind)
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OIE SEAFMD Campaign• Phase II (2001 to 2004)• Funding mainly from Australia• Support from OIE Tokyo and in
kind contribution from Thailand and member countries
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OIE SEAFMD Campaign• Goal
– to increase food security and alleviate poverty amongst the rural small holder producers of livestock.
• Purpose– to increase the productivity and economic output
of the livestock sector by controlling and eradicating FMD.
• Objective– to add value to the regional control program
through SEAFMDC by employing a series of integrated and harmonised approaches to disease control
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Components of SEAFMD • International Coordination and Support• Program management, resources and funding• Public Awareness and Communication• Disease surveillance, diagnosis, reporting and
control• Policy, legislation and standards to support disease
control and zone establishment • Regional research and technology transfer• Livestock sector development including private
sector integration• Monitoring and evaluation
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Southeast Asia FMD Status
OIE FMD Free Zone
FMD Infected Areas
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Southeast Asia FMD Progressive Zoning
Infected Areas
Progressive Zoning
OIE FMD Free zone
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Southeast Asia FMD Progressive ZoningInfected Areas
Progressive Zoning
OIE FMD Free zone
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Progressive Zoning• Focus on zoning and animal movement
management• Study the feasibility – technical and
economic• Epidemiological and economic studies• Leadership by the countries• Support by RCU and other agencies• Participation and practical training• Proposal for members and international
donors
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Cattle Movement 2004
Dac Lac
Gia Lai
Kon Tum
Song BeLam Dong
Minh Hai
Binh ThuanDong Nai
Binh Dinh
Long An
Kien Giang
Phu Yen
Can Tho
Khanh Hoa
An Giang
Ninh Thuan
Soc Trang
Dong Thap
Ben Tre
Tra Vinh
Tien GiangBa Ria - Vung Tau
Vinh Long
Ho Chi Minh
SurinSisaket
Buri Rum
Nakhon Ratchasima
Prachin Buri
Trat
ChanthaburiRayong
Chon Buri
Chachoengsao
a Buri
akon NayokThani
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Dac Lac
Gia Lai
Kon Tum
Song BeLam Dong
Minh Hai
Binh ThuanDong Nai
Binh Dinh
Long An
Kien Giang
Phu Yen
Can Tho
Khanh Hoa
An Giang
Ninh Thuan
Soc Trang
Dong Thap
Ben Tre
Tra Vinh
Tien GiangBa Ria - Vung Tau
Vinh Long
Ho Chi Minh
SurinSisaket
Buri Rum
Nakhon Ratchasima
Prachin Buri
Trat
ChanthaburiRayong
Chon Buri
Chachoengsao
a Buri
akon NayokThani
Pig Movement 2004
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Zoning for Lower Mekong
Kratie
Pursat
Siem Reap
Koh Kong
Mondul Kiri
Ratana Kiri
Battambang
Preah VihearStung Treng
Kampong Thom
Kampot
Kandal
Kampong Cham
Takeo
Prey Veng
Kampong Speu
Kampong Chhnang
Svay Rieng
SihanoukVille
Banteay Meanchey
Dac Lac
Gia Lai
Kon Tum
Song BeLam Dong
Minh Hai
Binh ThuanDong Nai
Binh Dinh
Long An
Kien Giang
Phu Yen
Quang Ngai
Can Tho
Khanh Hoa
An Giang
Ninh Thuan
Soc Trang
Dong Thap
Ben Tre
Tra Vinh
Tien GiangBa Ria - Vung Tau
Ho Chi Minh City
Dong Thap
Kandal
Vinh Long
Phnom Penh
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Southeast Asia FMD Progressive ZoningInfected Areas
Progressive Zoning
OIE FMD Free zone
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Southeast Asia FMD Campaign
Onward to an FMD Free Southeast Asia