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Forced Marriage
Asma Ashraf
University College London
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What does marriage mean?
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Definition of Forced Marriage
Source: Multi-agency practice guidelines: Handling cases of Forced Marriage, 2014
“A forced marriage is a marriage in
which one or both spouses do not
consent to the marriage but are
coerced into it. Duress can include
physical, psychological, financial,
sexual and emotional pressure”.
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How do you recognise a forced marriage?
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Arranged Marriage to Forced Marriage
The Grey Area
Family-arranged
marriage
One or both prospective
spouses object
Marriage
forced
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Who, why, where?
• No typical victim
• Happens in the UK
• Illegal
• Gender disparity
• Impacts on health
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Right to choose: Spotting the signs of forced marriage
Azim
Nayana
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Honour Based Violence
Focus Group Participant in Gilbert et al 2004
“…it’s like the weather, you
can’t question it…”
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The ‘one chance’ rule
“To recognise, empathise and
witness and to refer to appropriate
multi-agency services”
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Laura Wilson – 2010
Shafilea Ahmed - 2003
Banaz Mahmod - 2006
Uzma Rahan and three children -
2006
One chance rule
Arash Ghorbani-Zarin -
2004 Rukhsana Naz - 1998
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Why is it important for healthcare professionals to be aware
of forced marriage?
• Forced marriage and the law
• Safeguarding
• Health Impacts
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“I eventually thought about killing myself and I went
through that process of thinking I can’t live with him. I
can’t leave my family because I will be dishonouring
them so my only way out is by killing myself that way I
won’t dishonour the family…”
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Case study/Role Play
Good Practice
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In summary…
Jasvinder Sanghera CBE – Karma Nirvana
“Cultural acceptance does not
mean accepting the
unacceptable”
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Richard Horton – Editor, The Lancet 3rd March 2015
“The health sector has a powerful
position… healthcare workers need
passionate leadership to take on
FGM and forced marriage”
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What do we need to do…
• Include compulsory training for ALL healthcare
professionals pre and post qualification
• Research exploring health impacts of forced
marriage and effects of honour system
• Learning from those affected by HBV and FM
• More data is needed in this area to develop
appropriate interventions
• Consider how we work with communities to
prevent this (we need to tackle this from within*)