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Overview
✦Google Question Answering
✦Google Assistant and others
✦naturali.io 小不点
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Google Question Answering
✦Answers from Knowledge Graph
• Translate NL queries into Knowledge Graph retrieval queries
✦Answers from the web
• Extract answers from top web search results
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Semantic Parsing
✦Translate natural language queries into database/knowledge base retrieval queries
✦Example:
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Knowledge Graph Answers
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Web Answers
✦Extract answers from web search results
✦Better suited for
• long tail questions
• fresh answers
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Search Engine vs Answer Engine
❖ Search Engine: Know where to look
❖ Answer Engine: Know what to look for
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Expected Answer Type
❖ A semantic type that the answer is expected to belong.
❖ Focus word: the word/phrase in a query that specifies the expected answer type.
• what enzyme breaks down starch?
• how much does a macbook air weigh
• what is the melting point of paraffin wax
• annual rainfall of beijing
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Learning Answer Types from Naturally Annotated Data
❖ Numerical types
• (has|with) (a|an) TYPE of _____
• Example:
• has a DIAMETER of 13 cm
❖ Entity types:
• TYPE(s), such as _____
• Example:
• cities such as Beijing
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❖ The Zatecka Basin, the driest area, has an annual rainfall of about 18 inches.
❖ More than 80% of the continent has an annual rainfall of less than 600 mm;
❖ Cuzco with a mean average temperature of 10.7°C, and highest average monthly 12.1, has an annual rainfall of 804 mm.
❖ along the western Ghats escarpment, has an annual rainfall of about 5600 mm which is towards the mid-range of rain stations in the area
Answer Type Example: annual rainfall
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Answer Type Example: sleeping pills
❖ There is little evidence that the newer generation sleeping pills such as Ambien or Lunesta are more effective than older sleeping pills such as Dalmaneor ...
❖ Diphenhydramine is found in many popular over the counter sleeping pills such as Tylenol PM, Excedrin PM and Nytol.
❖ A newer class of non-benzodiazepine sleeping pillssuch as eszopiclone or zolpidem appears to be safe to use by patients with OSA
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A Tale of Two DiDi Rides
打车去中关村皇冠酒店
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Voice Assistants
❖ Siri
❖ Google Assistant
❖ Cortana
❖ 度秘
❖ 灵犀
❖ Amazon Echo/Alexa
❖ Viv
❖ Hound
❖ …
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Google Assistant
✦Currently, it is mostly an integration of products already available on various Google properties.
• Actions: reminder, alarm, photo and email lookup
• Answers: open domain questions
• Local info: restaurants, shops, gyms, …
• Sports info: athletes, teams, games, …
• Travel: airline, hotel
• Translation
• …..
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SiriGoogle
AssistantCortana
Interface to OS and First Party Apps
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Siri API
❖ Siri API only works with six functionalities:
Ride booking
Messaging
Photo Search
Payments
VoIP Calling
Workouts
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Interface to Backend Services
2 *
VIV HoundAmazon Echo
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Viv
❖ Give me a nice room in Palm Springs for Labor Day weekend
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携程
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Communication Throughput
❖ Yao, Chen and Sagae, [TechCrunch 2016.08]
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Naturali 小不点
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订机票
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发微信
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看视频
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小不点,不用点