FROM OPTIMIZING LAND USE TO TIME MANAGEMENT: ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT
Pr. Yves Crozet Institute of Transport Economics (LET)
University of Lyon - [email protected]
www.let.fr
3rd International ForumShanghai 2010/09/11-13
Urban density and transport energy use per capita for world cities
R² = 0,71
« Extensive » vs « intensive » cities (1)
Nb of cars per 100 inhabitants
3941,43
2584,29
8756,78
3157,77
2381,40
3369,89
Profil ExtensifProfil Intensif
Population (milliers)
Surface(x100 ha)
PIB urbain par pers. (x10 dollars US)
Urban GDP/per Cx10 US $
Surface(/square km)
Population(x1000)
ExtensiveIntensive
« Extensive » vs « intensive » cities (3)
5,90
92,88
56,98
27,59
65,38
38,75
Profil ExtensifProfil Intensif
Part modale des Transports Publics
Motorisation(veh./ 100 pers.)
Part modale de l'automobile (%)
Modal shareof public transport
Modal shareof car
Nb of cars per 100 inhabitants
ExtensiveIntensive
« Extensive » vs « intensive » cities (2)
Average speedon road network (Km/h)
ExtensiveIntensive
Average dailydistance (Km)
Daily travel timebudget (min)
R² = 0,36
North AmericaR² = 0,53
Western EuropeR² = 0,01
Bouvard, à partir de la base UITP « The Millenium Cities Database » 1995
Relationships between TTB, urban form, transportation system and emissions for European cities
Source: « The Millenium Cities Database » 1995
Urban density and transport energy use per capita for European cities
TTB motorized means (min) and density (persons/ha)
TTB motorized means (min) and Average daily distance traveled (Km)
TTB motorized means (min) and Average road network speed (km/h)
TTB motorized means (min) and overall average speed of public transport (km/h)
Average road network speed and and overall average speed of public transport
TTB motorized means (min) and share of travel by public modes
TTB motorized means (min) and Air Pollution – total emissions per capita (kg/pers)
Relationships between TTB, urban form, transportation system and emissions for European cities
Cities Density TTBDaily
distance traveled
Daily distance
traveled by car
Daily distance
traveled by public
transport
Average road
network speed
Overall average speed
of public transport
Share of travel by
public modes
Total emissions per capita
Total transport
energy use per capita
Barcelona High Low Low Low Average Average Average High Low Low
Madrid High Low Low Low Average Average Average High Low Low
Amsterdam Average Low Low Average Average Average LowAverage
(strong share bike)
Low Low
Berne Average High High High High High High Average Low Low
Helsinki Low Low Average Average Average Average High Average Low Low
Lyon AverageAverage Average Average Low Low Low Low Average Average
Munich AverageAverage Average Average High Average High High Average Average
Copenhagen Low Average High High Average High High Average Average Average
Frankfurt AverageAverage Average Average Average Low Average Average High High
Stockholm Low Average High High High High High Average High High
Oslo Low Average High High Average Average High Low High High
Rome Average High High High High Low Average High High High
Low emissions High emissions
Madrid Helsinki Berne
Density High 86
pers/ha
TTB Low 34 min
Distance Low 17 km
Road network speed
Average 35 km/h
Speed of public transpor
t
Average 24 km/h
Share of travel by
public modes
High 32%
Density Average 44
pers/ha
TTB High 50 min
Distance High 30 km
Road network speed
High 44 km/h
Speed of public transpor
t
High 33 km/h
Share of travel by
public modes
Average 21%
Density Low 33
pers/ha
TTB Low 37 min
Distance Average 21 km
Road network speed
Average 38 km/h
Speed of public transpor
t
High 30 km/h
Share of travel by
public modes
Average 20%
Oslo Rome
Density Low24
pers/ha
TTB Average 46 min
Distance High 26 km
Road network speed
Average 35 km/h
Speed of public transpor
t
High 31 km/h
Share of travel by
public modes
Low 15%
Density Average 56
pers/ha
TTB High 70 min
Distance High 30 km
Road network speed
Low 30 km/h
Speed of public transpor
t
Average 24 km/h
Share of travel by
public modes
High 23%