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Functional Planning Functional Planning ForFor
Peace Operations MissionsPeace Operations Missions
MPAT TE-4 MPAT TE-4
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LOGISTICS / TRANSPORTATION FUNCTIONAL GROUP
Name of briefers: MAJ JOSE JUAN VELAZQUEZ (US ARMY) Ltc Cdr Williams (US NAVY)
OPERATION BLUE SINGA
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• Group member Introductions • Scenario
– Purpose– Situation Overview– Guidance– Msn Statement
• Logistics Principles / Considerations• Multinational Logistics• UN Logistics• Mission Analysis• Questions ?• Summary
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
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• Name• Country• Current Military Position• Military Background / Past Planning Experience
GROUP MEMBER MEMBER INTRODUCTIONSINTRODUCTIONS
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Outline broad objectives and planning considerations for logistics operations in support of OPERATION BLUE SINGA
PURPOSEPURPOSE
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• Ongoing Peacekeeping situation escalates to a level that exceeds UNMOG mission and capabilities and causes the collapse of the military observer mission
• Chief of Military Observers (CMO) recommends deployment of a UN sanctioned Multinational Force (MNF) to contain the situation. Samagaland and S. Tindoro leaders open dialogue to consider CMO’s recommendation and other actions to resolve crisis and agree on Singapore to lead the MNF.
• UNSC Resolution 147 sanctions deployment of MNF led by Singapore
SITUATION OVERVIEWSITUATION OVERVIEW
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• Separation of Factions• Facilitate HA operations• Repatriate Displaced Personnel (DP)• Restore stable conditions• Transition to Host Nation civil/military
authorities• Emergency repairs to critical infrastructure• Support NGOs in HA operations• Others
JOINT STAFF JOINT STAFF WARNING ORDER WARNING ORDER
GUIDANCEGUIDANCE
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Coalition Task Force GOODWILL will commence deployment of a multinational force no earlier than 28 August 02, to conduct peacekeeping operations in North and South Tindoro, in accordance with UNSCR 147, in order to create conditions necessary for a secure and stable environment in North and South Tindoro.
SINGAPORE JOINT STAFF SINGAPORE JOINT STAFF WARNING ORDERWARNING ORDER
MISSION STATEMENTMISSION STATEMENT
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INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS
MOBILIZATION DEPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT SUSTAINMENT
ECONOMY LOGISTICS FORCES BRIDGE
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LOGISTICAL PRINCIPLES
RESPONSIVENESSSIMPLICITYFLEXIBILITYECONOMY
ATTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITYSURVIVABILITY
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FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF LOGISTICS
SUPPLYMAINTENANCE
TRANSPORTATIONGENERAL ENGINEERING
HEALTH SERVICESOTHER SERVICES
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SIGNIFICANT SUPPLY PROBLEMS
BULK FUEL
BULK WATER
AMMUNITION
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KEY ELEMENTS
LINES OF COMMUNICATIONS
THEATER TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
UNITS - FORCES TO OPERATE SEAPORTS, BASES, AND AIRPORTS
HOST NATION SUPPORT
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PHASING
PEACE OPERATIONS TRANSITION THROUGH VARIOUS PHASES
LOGISTICS IS THE KEY TO OPERATIONAL PHASING AND CAMPAIGN PLANNING
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CRITICAL ISSUES
AVOID FOCUS ON THE DEPLOYMENT
SUSTAINING THE PEACE OPERATION AS IT TRANSITIONS THROUGH ITS PHASES IS MOST IMPORTANT
SUSTAINMENTLEVEL
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SPECIAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
• DEMANDS OF AN EXPANDING FORCE• CRITICAL ITEMS• BOTTLENECKS• MOVEMENT CONTROL• PUSH VERSUS PULL RESUPPLY• CIVILIAN SUPPLY SOURCES
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THEATER LOGISTICS
• GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE• TRANSPORTATION AND TOPOGRAPHY• LOGISTICS CAPABILITY• LOGISTICS ENHANCEMENTS• INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION• ECHELONS OF SUPPORT• ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES• HOST NATION SUPPORT AVAILABILITY
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JOA
LOGISTICS CONCEPT
INTRATHEATERLINES OF
COMMUNICATION
INTERTHEATERLINES OF
COMMUNICATION
TACTICAL
OPERATIONALSTRATEGIC
TAA
SLOC
ALOC
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MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS
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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
• FUNDAMENTALS
• COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND
ORGANIZATION
• PLANNING
• SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS
• LEGAL AUTHORITIES & FUNDING
• UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
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MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSDEFINITION
“ANY COORDINATED LOGISTIC ACTIVITY INVOLVING TWO OR MORE COUNTRIES SUPPORTING A MULTINATIONAL FORCE CONDUCTING MILITARY OPERATIONS UNDER THE AUSPICES OF AN ALLIANCE OR COALITION, INCLUDING THOSE CONDUCTED UNDER A UN MANDATE.”
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MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS
• SINGLE NATION LEAD IS THE MOST EFFICIENT
• SHARED LOGISTICS INCREASES COMPLEXITY
• AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL, THIS MAY BE IMPERATIVE FOR LARGE MANEUVERS
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MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSSPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
• IMPACT OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY• U.S. AS PROVIDER/RECIPIENT• LIMITS• STRUCTURE OF MULTINATIONAL
ORGANIZATION COMMANDING OPERATION
• TYPE OF OPERATION (MOOTW)
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MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSBENEFICTS
• LESSENS DEMANDS ON EACH NATION• CENTRALIZED COORDINATION• REDUCTION IN LOGISTIC FOOTPRINT• ALLOWS MORE NATIONS TO PARTICIPATE
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MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSCONCERNS
• NATIONS RELUCTANT TO COMMIT LOGISTIC FORCES EARLY
• AD HOC ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT• LOGISTICS “DIRECTIVE AUTHORITY” NOT
GIVEN• ACHIEVING CONSENSUS DIFFICULT• NATIONAL LEGAL RESTRICTIONS• DIFFERING ROTATION POLICIES• OVERCOME “GO-IT-ALONE” MENTALITY
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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
• FUNDAMENTALS
• COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND
ORGANIZATION
• PLANNING
• SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS
• LEGAL AUTHORITIES & FUNDING
• UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
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MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSLOGISTICS CONSIDERATIONS FOR C2
• FLEXIBLE C2
• ORGANIZED BASED ON OPERATIONAL MISSION
• MNFC SPAN OF CONTROL ESTABLISHED DURING PLANNING
• LINKAGE BETWEEN APPROPRIATE OPERATIONAL HQs NEEDS TO BE PLANNED
• DESIGNATE A THEATER LOGISTICS COMMANDER (TLC)?
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MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS(C2 ISSUES)(C2 ISSUES)
• MNFC COMMANDS AIR, LAND, SEA FORCES AND ASSOCIATED SUPPORT ELEMENTS
• NATIONAL SERVICE COMPONENT COMMANDS COMMAND FORCES AND ASSOCIATED SUPPORT ELEMENTS
• MJLC/TLC COORDINATES SUPPORT ELEMENTS AND MN LOG CENTER (IF ESTABLISHED)
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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
• FUNDAMENTALS
• COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND
ORGANIZATION
• PLANNING
• SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS
• LEGAL AUTHORITIES & FUNDING
• UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
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PEACE OPERATIONS PLANNINGPEACE OPERATIONS PLANNING(LOGISTICS)(LOGISTICS)
LOGISTICELEMENTS
USFORCES
MultinationalFORCES
Familiarity WithFamiliarity Withand Adherence to:and Adherence to:
Status-of-ForcesAgreement
LegalRestraints
RegulatoryRestraints
PoliticalRestraints
HOST NATIONHOST NATION
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• MNFC PERSPECTIVE:– SUFFICIENT LOGISTIC AUTHORITY & RESOURCES
TO SUPPORT OPERATIONAL PRIORITIES– NATIONS LEVERAGE THEIR LOGISTIC
CAPABILITIES TO ENSURE THAT ALL NATIONAL & MN FORMATIONS ARE SUPPORTED (with MINIMAL FOOTPRINT)
MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS(PLANNING GUIDANCE)(PLANNING GUIDANCE)
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MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSPLANNING GUIDANCE
• LOG PLANNING CRITICAL ISSUES:
– COMMAND & CONTROL RELATIONSHIPS– AUTHORITIES & RESPONSIBILITIES (MNFC & NATIONS)– INTEROPERABILITY OF LOG COMMO SYSTEMS– LOG REQUIREMENTS FOR NATIONAL CONTINGENTS– REQUIREMENT FOR MN SUPPORT, OP LEVEL LOG FORCES– SUPPORT CONCEPTS & ARRANGEMENTS (RSN, LN)– STANDARDS AND PRIORITIES FOR LOGISTICS– LOGISTICS INTELLIGENCE DATABASE
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MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSPLANNING GUIDANCE
• LOG PLANNING CRITICAL ISSUES CONT’:
– FNS REQUIREMENTS, AUTHORITIES, RESPONSIBILITIES– RELATIONSHIPS WITH IOs, NGOs, PVOs– EXTENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS– LANDING RIGHTS, CUSTOMS, TAXES, (SOFAs,
TECHNICAL ARRANGEMENTSs)– ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS– COMMON FUNDING & AVAILABILITY
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– PHASE I: DEPLOYMENT– PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT OPERATIONS– PHASE III: REDEPLOYMENT/TERMINATION
MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS(PLANNING BY OPERATIONAL PHASE)(PLANNING BY OPERATIONAL PHASE)
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• KEY TASKS– IDENTIFYING TPFDD INFORMATION (PODs,RDDs)– HARMONIZE NATIONAL PLANS INTO MN PLAN– DEFINE C2 ORG TO CONTROL DEPLOYMENT– IDENTIFY LOGISTICIANS IN ENABLING FORCE– ARRANGE FNS/HNS FOR RECEPTION, ONWARD MOVEMENT– DEVELOP AGREEMENTS FOR TRANSIT AND OVERFLIGHT– ARRANGE SUPPORT FOR DEPLOYING FORCES (MED,
VEHICLE, ENGINEER, TROOP SPT)
MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNINGMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING(PHASE I: DEPLOYMENT)(PHASE I: DEPLOYMENT)
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• KEY TASKS:– IDENTIFY CRITICAL SUSTAINMENT
REQUIREMENTS– DEVELOP CONCEPTS OF
SUPPORT/SUSTAINMENT– PRIORITIZE FNS AND ARRANGE IT– IDENTIFY LN,RSN LOG FUNCTIONS, SOLICIT– ESTABLISH POLICY FOR LOCAL CONTRACTING– IDENTIFY REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMON
FUNDING
MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNINGMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING(PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT)(PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT)
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• KEY TASKS cont:– ESTABLISH REQ FOR LOG REPORTING, FORMATS– IDENTIFY REQ FOR STAFFING MN LOG HQ & CENTERS– DEVELOP ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY & PROCEDURES– IDENTIFY LOG SPT REQUIREMENTS – MUNITIONS
STORAGE SITES
MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNINGMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING(PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT)(PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT)
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• TRANSITION OPERATIONS– US JOINT TO MULTINATIONAL OPERATION– UN OPERATION TO A MULTINATIONAL OPERATION– WITHDRAWL OF US FORCES FROM A
MULTINATIONAL OPERATION
MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNINGMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING(PHASE III:REDEPLOYMENT/TERMINATION)(PHASE III:REDEPLOYMENT/TERMINATION)
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Multinational PlanningMultinational PlanningConsiderationsConsiderations
• Force capabilitiesForce capabilities• Command, control, and communications - will there Command, control, and communications - will there be Cbe C4 4 problems with Cproblems with C22 structure? structure?• Logistics - who provides unique support, and to Logistics - who provides unique support, and to what extent?what extent?• Level of training the multinational force possessesLevel of training the multinational force possesses• Will COMSEC impede or enhance operations?Will COMSEC impede or enhance operations?
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Multinational PlanningMultinational PlanningConsiderationsConsiderations
• Status of existing agreements?Status of existing agreements?• Liaison Officers (LNOs)Liaison Officers (LNOs)• Linguist requirementsLinguist requirements• What are the data exchange requirements?What are the data exchange requirements?• Devices for automating data exchangesDevices for automating data exchanges• Procedures for manual data exchangesProcedures for manual data exchanges• Releasability Releasability
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• LANGUAGE BARRIERS AND ACRONYMS
• LOGISTICS PROCESSES, PROCEDURES AND SYSTEMS
• SENSE OF TIMING
• NATIONAL REGULATIONS
MULTINATIONAL PROBLEMS
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INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES
FUEL
PARTS AND TOOLS
TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS
FOOD
AMMUNITION
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COORDINATION MEETINGS -- LOTS OF THEM!
LIAISON OR EXCHANGE OFFICERS
MUTUAL EDUCATION AND TOURS
WELL WRITTEN PROCEDURES
MULTINATIONAL SOLUTIONS
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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
• FUNDAMENTALS
• COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS
AND ORGANIZATION
• PLANNING
• UN PEACEKEEPING
OPERATIONS
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UNITED NATIONS
LOGISTICS Peace Keeping OperationsPeace Keeping Operations
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UN LOGISTICS
• FUNDING IS A FUNCTION OF THE MANDATE
• EVENT DRIVEN, NOT TIME DRIVEN (LIKE MILITARY OPERATIONS)
•US AND UN DOCTRINE AND POLICIES ARE MUCH DIFFERENT
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DEPARTMENT OF PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS (DPKO)
USYG
PEACEKEEPING
OPERATIONS
ASYG
PLANNING AND
SUPPORT
FIELD
ADMINISTRATION &
LOGISTICS DIVISION
PLANNING
DIVISION
ASYG
OPERATIONS
EUROPE AND
LATIN AMERICA
DIVISION
AFRICA
DIVISION
ASIA AND
MIDDLE EAST
DIVISION
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UN SUPPORT PLANS
•THREE BASIC METHODS
• ONE NATION CONTROLS ALL LOGISTICS
• LOGISTICS A SHARED RESPONSIBILITY
• DECENTRALIZE BY REGION
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KEY UN LOGISTICS BILLETS
SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVETO THE SECRETARY
GENERAL (SRSG)
HUMANRIGHTS
DIVISION
CIVILIANPOLICE
COMMISSIONER
UN FORCECOMMANDER
CHIEF LOGISTICS
OFFICER (CLO)
ELECTORALDIVISION
HUMANITARIANAFFAIRS
COORDINATOR
NATIONALCONTINGENTS
UN FORCEHEADQUARTERS
INFORMATIONDIVISION
CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVEOFFICER (CAO)
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UN LOGISTICS CONCEPT• CONTROLLED BY THE CHIEF LOGISTICS OFFICER
• DEVELOPS A FORCE LOGISTICS SUPPORT GROUP
• NATIONAL SUPPORT CELLS PROVIDE ORGANIC SUPPORT TO NATIONAL CONTINGENT
• NATIONAL SUPPORT CELLS PROVIDE AN ELEMENTS TO THE FORCE LOGISTICS SUPPORT GROUP FOR COORDINATION
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LETTER OF ASSISTLETTER OF ASSIST
• When essential items/services are not available through commercial sources, a requisition, known as a Letter of Assist (LOA), may be raised to obtain the item from a government supplying troops to the mission– Can be UNOE or COE– Reimbursement processed thru UNHQ– Approval of LOA – FALD, UNHQ
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CHALLENGES TO UN LOGISTICSCHALLENGES TO UN LOGISTICS
• Diverse assortment of people
• Diverse equipment (Capability, RAM)
• Unusual or no host infrastructure
• UNSC mandate, often later
• Elapsed time - 2-3 months for CAO
• Contractor/vendor availability
• Completion/withdrawal difficult
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LOGISTICS / TRANSPORTATIONLOGISTICS / TRANSPORTATIONFUNCTIONAL GROUPFUNCTIONAL GROUP
MISSION ANALYSIS PROCESS
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J4/Logistics Readiness Center (LRC) provides:
(1) Logistic readiness of available forces
(2) Logistic impact of available infrastructure in operational area
(3) Status of hard to obtain materials and services
MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISDETERMINE KNOWN FACTSDETERMINE KNOWN FACTS
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MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISDETERMINE ASSUMPTIONSDETERMINE ASSUMPTIONS
J4/JLRC consider:(1) Logistic status of forces at probable time of
execution(2) Logistic impact of characteristics of operational
area(3) Health services support requirements/capability
(in conjunction with the Surgeon)(4) Available transportation for inter and intra-theater
deployments(5) Availability of supplies and services to support
projected operations
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MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISANALYZE MISSION AND INTENTANALYZE MISSION AND INTENT
• Understand the Combatant commander's mission (understand the WHY of the mission)
• Understand the Combatant commander's intent
• Knows the operations area (JOA, etc.)
• Understand the Combatant commander's military deception plan, if there is one -- objective, targets story, plan and activities
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MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISDETERMINE LIMITATIONSDETERMINE LIMITATIONS
• Restrictions placed on the JTF:
Constraints -- required actions that limit freedom of action (e.g., conduct air strikes within a specific period of time)
Restraints -- actions the JTF is prohibited from taking (e.g., cannot pursue enemy across an international border)
• Imposed by higher headquarters
• Implied by conditions
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MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISTASKS TO BE PERFORMEDTASKS TO BE PERFORMED
• List specified tasks (usually in paragraph 2 & 3 combatant commander's order)
• Develop implied tasks -- not specifically assigned, but must be accomplished to perform the mission
• Determine essential tasks -- those required to achieve the conditions that define success
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MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISFORCE STRUCTURE ANALYSISFORCE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
• Conduct Initial task organization analysis
• Determine what broad force structure is necessary to accomplish the essential
• Of those required - what does the JTF currently have for planning
• What is the difference between paragraphs a. & b. above?
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MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISINITIAL RISK ASSESSMENTINITIAL RISK ASSESSMENT
• May be risks associated with:
(1) Mission (risks the CJTF is willing to take for mission accomplishment, e.g. forward presence vs. risk of provocation)
(2) Force protection issues(3) Time available as provided by MNFC imposed limitations
• CJTF staff sections determine risks from their own situational analysis and provide them to the JPG through their representatives
• JPG determines overall risks, considers potential methods for risk mitigation, and disseminates
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MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEFMISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF
CSS TASKS
Specified Tasks
Implied Tasks
Essential Task
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MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEFMISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF
CSS ASSUMPTIONS
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MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEFMISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF
PERSONNEL STATUS
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CONCEPT OF SUPPORT
BEFORE DURING AFTERFIX
ARM
FUEL
MOVE
MAN
SUSTAIN
) (
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CSS REQUIREMENTSGeneral Supply
Planning Factor Personnel Strength STON Per Day Stockage Objective DOS On Hand5.73 lb/man/day4.934 lb/man/dayO.51 lb/man/day9.92 lb/man/day2.06 lb/man/day1.285 lb/man/day2.5 lb/man/day
Bulk POL
CL V
______ gallons per dayOH _____ gallons
DODIC TYPE BL DAY 1 EXPEND RATE DAY 2-4 EXPEND RATE 3 DAY EXPEND CSR BL + CSR DELTA
Total S&P Equivalent
Daily Requirement• General Supply• CL IIIB • CL V (Day 1) (Day 2-4)
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SHORTFALLS/ANALYSIS
MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEFMISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF
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CSS CONSTRAINTS
MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEFMISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF
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Logistic guidance Logistic concept, prioritiesMay refer to OPLAN guidanceMay refer to existing or developing logistic estimateTime-Phased Force and Deployment Data (TPFDD) developmentTransportation guidanceStatus and implications of CJTF directive authorityKnown logistic constraints/restraints
Transportation instructions Allocation of strategic liftMobilization informationAirlift information/instructionsSealift information/instructionsAir refueling information/instructionsJoint Transportation Board (JTB)/Joint Movement Center (JMC)
instructions, if applicable
ISSUE WARNING ORDERISSUE WARNING ORDER
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COA ANALYSISCOA ANALYSISLOG ESTIMATELOG ESTIMATE
• Address each COA from its own perspective• It is essentially where the staff does its homework
in preparation for an integrated staff effort of:
(1) COA analysis
(2) COA comparison
(3) COA recommendation and selection
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COA ANALYSISCOA ANALYSISLOG ESTIMATELOG ESTIMATE
• Address each COA from its own perspective• It is essentially where the staff does its homework
in preparation for an integrated staff effort of:
(1) COA analysis
(2) COA comparison
(3) COA recommendation and selection
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LOG COA COMPARISON
COA 1 COA 2 COA 3FIX
ARM
FUEL
MOVE
MAN
SUSTAIN
) (
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H+ 0 H+ 4 H+ 5 H+ 7
FIX
FUEL
ARM
SUSTAIN
MOVE
CHS
MISC
H-Hour Synchronization Matrix
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SUMMARY
• LOGISTICS PRINCIPLES / CONSIDERATIONS • MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS• UNITED NATIONS LOGISTICS• MISSION ANALYSIS PROCESS
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QUESTIONS
?