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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Fundamentals of Enineering
design
Lecture to Global Poduction Logistic students at JUB
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Institute for product development and optomechatronic systems engineering
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Welfengarten 1A, D-30167 Hannover
http://www.ipeg.uni-hannover.de
Phone: +49 511 762 3472
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Seite 3
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Engineering Design
Course Name 050131
Credits 2,5
Grade 90 min written test on Friday 28 January 2011 9:30-11:30
• Questions and answers (10-20)
• 3-4 calculations/drawings
Lectures:
Thursday 13th Jan. 2011 9:45 - 12:30 and 14:15 - 18:30
Friday 14th Jan. 2011 8:15 - 12:30 and 14:15 - 18:30
Friday 21st Jan. 2011 8:15 - 12:30
Friday 28th Jan. 2011 9:30 – 11:30 (Test of 90 min)
Lecture Hall Research II
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Need: • Paper A3
• Set square / ruler
• pencil
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Course Description
The course will provide a general understanding of innovation and development management and
the processes and methods used to develop and design machines with its context to logistics
engineering.
Basic aspects of development methods will be explained:
Development processes including specification, conceptual design and detailed design as
well as different types of modular approaches and development levels will be trained. The
use and need of design standards DIN/ISO, patents/IP and CAD systems will be shown.
An introduction to the general parts and elements of machines such and their function will be
given:
• Shafts, springs, screws, bearings, gears
For selected examples basic methods to dimension these elements and machines with respect to
material and tension will be explained.
Specific focus will be given to the interrelations between product modularization and logistics as
well as the importance of logistic planning during the development process.
The course contents lectures and exercises.
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 5
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Engineering Design
1. Fundamentals/Introduction
Need to innovate
Fundamentals of technical systems
Products, costs and logistics
2. Product creation
Product planning and development processes
Clarification and specifications
Concepts and modular design
3. Embodiment design
Design standards DIN/ISO and drawings
Design rules and principles
Outlook to CAD use and CAE tools
4. Materials and mechanics
Material parameters
Fundamentals of mechanic stress calculation
5. Dimensioning of design elements
Shafts, springs, screws, bearings
Gears
6. Conclusion
Strategy and IP
Total Quality Management
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Targets of chapter 1
• Basic understanding of the development of industrial
production/products
• Product Lifecycle
• Innovations due to Software, Photonic and Nanotechnology
• Mechatronic Systems / Technical Systems
• Product Costs
• Link between product design and logistics
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 7
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Material – Energy - Signal
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Signal Energy Material
Quelle: Roth
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Seite 8
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Modell of Long Waves
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Steam engine
Railway steel
Chemical
Industries
Mass
Production
Electronic
Communication
Nano
Bio
Health
Telecommunication
Today
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Seite 9
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Product Lifecycle
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Software related Innovations
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Moore‘s law: • 2x number of transistors on chips
• 18 month
Mechatronics, „intelligent machines“
Microsystem- and Nanotechnology
Software agents
Optoelectronics and Photonics
Networked systems and Mobility
Light engineering
Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Virtual Reality
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 12
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Technical systems
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Constraints during design
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Structure of Mechatronics
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Gausemeier
Information
processing
Digital/analog
conversion
Analog/digital
conversion Amplification
Actuator(s)
Digital/analog
conversion
Sensor(s)
Basic system
Human Information
Processing
units
Communication
system
Energy
feed
Operator interface
(human-machine
interface)
Digital quantities
Analog quantities
Energy
feed Energy
feed
Flow of information Flow of material Flow of energy
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Seite 15
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
„New“ Market-Constellation
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Gausemeier
Past Today
Costs and time to market
Only two reasons to buy a new product:
1. Value added
2. Cheaper
drive developments
Vertical integration is a risk
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Seite 16
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Costs to Market
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
• Typical picture of project business
• For mass production design phase is
much larger related to building and
testing of products, but design costs and
may also be much higher than product
costs
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Total costs of ownership
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Cost of material
Maintenance costs
(Maintenance, repairs,
Inspection)
Manufacturing costs
(Cost of labor, production
overhead costs)
Cost of operation
(Energy, operating
materials, auxiliaries,
operation)
Costs for:
Management, marketing,
development, …
non-recurring costs for:
Transport, installation,
environmental protection,
scrapping
Production costs acquisition costs
Manufacturer
costs
Product user
costs
Requirements:
Funktion, Safety,…
Total cost of product
Quelle: Ehrlenspiel
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Seite 18
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Costs responsibility
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: VDI 2235
Development Process
engineering Purchasing
Sales and
marketing
Cost responsibility and influence
Cost generation
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Seite 19
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Cost impact of design
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Seite 20
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Impact of Complexity
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Constriction to core business
Co-operation with „refiners“ for specific market niches
Options for action:
No. of
variants
Revenue Stock Stock Revenue
Variants cause a lot of stock but do not increase revenue significantly
No. of
variants
Plant A Plant B
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Seite 21
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Segments of Products
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Intensity of technology is responsible for com-
plexity of production and process development in
R&D.
Intensity of labor provides information on amount
of manual labor in production.
Radius of market indicates reasonable
transportation of product from manufacturing
plant to customer
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Seite 22
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Function of a Company
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Gausemeier
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Seite 23
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Engineering Design
1. Fundamentals/Introduction
Need to innovate
Fundamentals of technical systems
Products, costs and logistics
2. Product creation
Product planning and development processes
Clarification and specifications
Concepts and modular design
3. Embodiment design
Design standards DIN/ISO and drawings
Design rules and principles
Outlook to CAD use and CAE tools
4. Materials and mechanics
Material parameters
Fundamentals of mechanic stress calculation
5. Dimensioning of design elements
Shafts, springs, screws, bearings
Gears
6. Conclusion
Strategy and IP
Total Quality Management
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 24
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Targets of chapter 2
• Basic understanding of development process
• Specification Technologies
• Development of concepts
• Use of building blocks and modular design
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 25
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Innovation drivers
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Life cycle of a product
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
Market driven innovation Technology driven innovation
Research
Advanced
development
Design
Planning
Production
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
General approach to design
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
Types of designs:
• New design
• Modification design
• Adaptation design
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Seite 27
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Development for mass production
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Seite 28
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Product Requirements List
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Specification Technologies
• Product checklist
• Brainstorming
• Analysis of Product Lifecycle
• Analysis of Product Use and Environment
• Market survey / User Clinic
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Example of a specification list
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
• Quality of requirements
• Fixed
• Targeted
• Wishes
• Date changes
• Responsabilities
• Concrete and measurable
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Introduction to the examples
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 32
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Checklist for specification
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Performance
Geometry
Materials
Energy
Time
Cost
Manufacture
Standards
Safety
Transport
Ergonomics
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Seite 33
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Conceptual design
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Seite 34
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Establish functional structure
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Example car lifter
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Seite 36
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Search for working principles
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Seite 37
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Search for working principles
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Different working principles that satisfy the function “store energy“ obtained by varying the type of energy
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Search for working principles
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 39
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Combination of principals
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Seite 40
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Combination of principals
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Seite 41
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Combination of principals
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 42
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Combination of principals
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 43
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Evaluation of concepts
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Parameter design
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 45
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Modularity / Building Blocks
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Seite 46
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Modularity / Building Blocks
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 47
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Types of construction
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Product Composite
construction
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Seite 48
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Engineering Design
1. Fundamentals/Introduction
Need to innovate
Fundamentals of technical systems
Products, costs and logistics
2. Product creation
Product planning and development processes
Clarification and specifications
Concepts and modular design
3. Embodiment design
Design standards DIN/ISO and drawings
Design rules and principles
Outlook to CAD use and CAE tools
4. Materials and mechanics
Material parameters
Fundamentals of mechanic stress calculation
5. Dimensioning of design elements
Shafts, springs, screws, bearings
Gears
6. Conclusion
Strategy and IP
Total Quality Management
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 49
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Targets of chapter 3 - Drawings
• Basic understanding of technical drawing standards
• Ability to read and understand technical drawings
• Ability to draw technical scratches
• Basic understanding of tolerances and surface parameters
• Understanding of basic design values and principals
• Use and need of technical documents
• Basic understanding of computer aided engineering
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 50
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
CNC Machining Centre
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Hüller Hille GmbH
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Seite 51
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Component drawing
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 52
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Assembly drawing
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Bill of material
DIN 6771 Form A
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Design drawing
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 54
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Exploded assembly drawing
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 55
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Important Standards for Drawings
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
35
15
50
Front view
Sid
e vi
ew
Top view
Top view
Side
view Front
view
1 2
3 4
(5) (6)
(7)
(8)
Front view Side view
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Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Projection
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Side view
from right
Side view
from left
Bottom view
Front view
Top view
Rear view
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Seite 57
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Dimensioning
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Examples for Dimensioning of angles
Dimension arrow head
Linear dimension
Arrow head
Extension line
Measure
Dimendion line
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Dimensioning
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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General tolerances
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 60
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Types of sectional drawings
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Full section Half section
Partial sections
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Cutting lines
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 62
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Screw threads
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
External screw thread: hexagon head screw ISO 4014
Internal screw thread: tapped blind hole
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Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 65
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Tolerances
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Ao = Go – N
Au = Gu – N
T = Go - Gu = Ao - Au
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Tolerances
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Often used tolerance classes
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 68
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Surfaces
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Rz: Mean Roughness Depth
Ra: Roughness Average
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Surface symbols
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Surface specifications
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
unmachined Roughed
down smoothed finished Very fine
machined
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Reuse norm parts and solutions
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Reuse norm parts and solutions
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
• Database of norm part as well in DIN/ISO but
also from suppliers
• Today geometries of norm parts can
automatically be copied into CAD programs
• Different types of export systems are in use
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Design catalogue
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Roth
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Seite 74
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Influences on Notch Effect
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Influences on Notch Effect
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Bearing arrangements
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
a. O.K
b. Specific
c. Dangerous
Allow thermal expansion!
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Avoiding double fits
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Seite 78
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Self-reinforcing seals
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Self-reinforcing seals:
a self-sealing washer
b tubeless tyre
c radial shaft seal
d sleeve seal
e sliding ring seal
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Reduce stiffness
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz To avoid breaking
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Ensure guidance
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quelle: Pahl/Beitz
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Seite 81
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Parameters of embodiment design
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Characteristic
Shape
Position
Size
Quantity
Variant
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Seite 82
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Rules for moulding
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 83
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Design rules for manufacturing
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 84
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Bill of material/drawings
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Bill of
material
Construction Production/
Assembly
Purchasing/
Storage
Distribution After sales
service
Accounting
Process
planning
Production
planning and
control
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Seite 85
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Design Defense
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 86
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Computer aided design
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Virtual prototype
Digital Mock-up
Element design Product structure Kinematics,
dynamics, stability
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Visualisation
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Virtual Prototyping
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 89
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Computer Aided Planning
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Analysis of assembly line ergonomics
(Source: Siemens PLM Software)
3D-model of factory building (Source: Siemens PLM
Software)
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Computer Aided Planning
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Model components
SPS code of
production system
Gantt-chart with necessary states of
manufacturing steps
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Seite 91
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Engineering Design
1. Fundamentals/Introduction
Need to innovate
Fundamentals of technical systems
Products, costs and logistics
2. Product creation
Product planning and development processes
Clarification and specifications
Concepts and modular design
3. Embodiment design
Design standards DIN/ISO and drawings
Design rules and principles
Outlook to CAD use and CAE tools
4. Materials and mechanics
Material parameters
Fundamentals of mechanic stress calculation
5. Dimensioning of design elements
Shafts, springs, screws, bearings
Gears
6. Conclusion
Strategy and IP
Total Quality Management
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Targets of chapter 4
• Basic understanding of Hooke’s law
• Understanding of fracture behavior of steel
• Dynamic influence on material strength
• Hardness
• Fundamentals of stress and strain
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Material
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Material
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Material Design
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Seite 95
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Stress and Strain
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Fracture Behaviour
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Elastic / plastic brittle
Tensile strength Rm
Elastic strength Re
Elastic limit Rp 0.2
Elastic Modulus E
Ultimate strain A
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Dynamic Fatigue Test
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Stress
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Stress
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 100
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Comparison stress
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Seite 101
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Dynamic Fatigue Strength
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 102
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Engineering Design
1. Fundamentals/Introduction
Need to innovate
Fundamentals of technical systems
Products, costs and logistics
2. Product creation
Product planning and development processes
Clarification and specifications
Concepts and modular design
3. Embodiment design
Design standards DIN/ISO and drawings
Design rules and principles
Outlook to CAD use and CAE tools
4. Materials and mechanics
Material parameters
Fundamentals of mechanic stress calculation
5. Dimensioning of design elements
Shafts, springs, screws, bearings
Gears
6. Conclusion
Strategy and IP
Total Quality Management
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 103
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Targets of chapter 5
• Basic understanding of design elements
Springs
Bolted connections
Roller bearings
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 104
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Design Elements
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Axes:
stagnant revolving
Shaft:
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Seite 105
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Design Elements
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
(1) Bearing seat (2) Shaft-hub joint (3) Axial fixation (4) Shaft seal
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Seite 106
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Springs
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Steel springs Rubber springs
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Springs
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
progressive
linear
degressive
Stored work W
F, Mt
f, φ
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Examples of Springs
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 109
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Springs
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Parallel
Series
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Seite 110
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Bolted Connections
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Embodiment of bolted
connections:
a) Bolt and nut
b) Stud bolt
c) Headed screw
d) Extension bolt
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Bolted Connections
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 112
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Bolted Connections
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
F
f
FS
FSB
FPB
FB
fs fp
fg
FP
FV
cS cP
PS
Vgcc
Ff11
PBVP FFF
SBVS FFF
PS
SBSB
cc
cFF
PS
PBPB
cc
cFF
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Seite 113
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Fatigue Strength
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
+σ
zdw
-σ
zdw
Bolt:
e.g. property class 5.6 ( ≙ E295) ⇒ σAzul = ± 50 N/mm2
Construction steel:
e.g. E295, σm = 200 N/mm2 ⇒ σAzul = ± 95 N/mm2
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Bolted Connections
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 115
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Roller Bearings – DIN 625
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 116
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Roller Bearings – DIN 625
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Seite 117
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Bearings – Design
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Possibilities of axial fixation
Shaft nut with lock washer
Retaining rings for shafts and bore holes
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Seite 118
Institut für Produktentwicklung & Gerätebau
Bearings – Design
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Fixed and floating bearing arrangement
Semi-locating bearing arrangement
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Gears
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Normal efficiency ~ 97%
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Gears – Example
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Gears – Example
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Engineering Design
1. Fundamentals/Introduction
Need to innovate
Fundamentals of technical systems
Products, costs and logistics
2. Product creation
Product planning and development processes
Clarification and specifications
Concepts and modular design
3. Embodiment design
Design standards DIN/ISO and drawings
Design rules and principles
Outlook to CAD use and CAE tools
4. Materials and mechanics
Material parameters
Fundamentals of mechanic stress calculation
5. Dimensioning of design elements
Shafts, springs, screws, bearings
Gears
6. Conclusion
Strategy and IP
Total Quality Management
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Targets of chapter 6
• Basic understanding of quality
• FMEA
• Total quality and balanced Scorecards
• Strategy and innovation
• Patents
Integrated innovation
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Errors
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Develop and
plan
Buy and produce
Discovery of errors Prevention of errors
Err
or
Cost
s
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Errors
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Phases in product lifecycle
Err
or
rate
Errors fixed
Error cause
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Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Total Quality Management
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Quality of products
Quality of processes
Quality of work
Quality of contact with
customers and suppliers
Implementing TQM in stages
DIN ISO 9001 certification as standard
Elements of TQM Targets of TQM
Optimal satisfaction of external
customers
Optimal satisfaction of internal
customers
Minimal costs
Increase of productivity
Increase of market
share
TQM expresses overall success
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Balanced Scorecard
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Strategic goals Indicator Oper. goals Activities
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Competitive Ability
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Competitive capability
Future orientation
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Strategy
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Impact on Strategy
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Differentiation
Efficiency
Timing
Concentration of power
Build upon strengths
Take advantage of synergistic effects
Take advantage of environmental
chances
Balance of ressources and goals
Unité de doctrine
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Innovation
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Patents
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
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Integrated innovation
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer
Scenarios
Strategies
Processes
Systems
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Literature
G. Pahl, u.a.: Engineering design, 3rd edition
Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84628-318-5
P. Kosky, u.a.: Exploring engineering, 2nd edition
Academic press, San Diego, 2010, ISBN 978-0-12-374723-5
J. Gausemeier, u.a.: Zukunftsorientierte Unternehmensgestaltung
Carl Hanser Verlag, München, 2009, ISBN 978-3-446-41055-8
W. Steinhilper, u.a.: Konstruktionselemente des Maschinenbaus 1 u.2, 6st edition
Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-76646-9
K. Roth: Konstruieren mit Konstruktionskatalogen 1 u.2, 3rd edition
Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1994, ISBN 3-540-09815-1
Prof. Dr. Roland J. Lachmayer