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Training on
Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing
( G D & T )
Suresh Mangawati
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DIMENSIONING:
Unnecessary Dimensions
Locating Holes
Section Lines
Staggered Numerals
Arcs
Notes Chamfers
TOLERANCING:
Bilateral
Cumulative
SYMBOLS OF GD&T:
Form
Straightness
Flatness
Circularity
Cylindricity
Profile
Profile of a Line
Profile of a Surface
Orientation
Angularity
Perpendicularity
Parallelism
Location Position
Concentricity
Symmetry
Run out
Circular Run out
Total run Out
Agenda
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Projections
A
C
E
B
D
F
AD C
E
B
FIRST ANGLE
A
E
DC
B
THIRD ANGLE
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DIMENSIONING
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Dimensions of Size S
Dimensions of Position P
Dimensions
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Unnecessary Dimensions
One unnecessary dimension
Unnecessary dimension omitted
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Dimensioning - Cylinders
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Locating Holes
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Locating Holes about a center
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Dimensions & Section Lines
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Staggered Numerals
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Dimensioning Arcs
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Arcs
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Dimensions inside view
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Dimensions for one view only
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Dimensioned distance given in normal view
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Dimensions midway between arrow heads
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Values Staggered for clarity
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Dimensions arranged in continuous form
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Dimensions Staggered
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Dimensioning Notes
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Dimensioning Notes
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Dimensioning Chamfers
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Examples
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TOLERANCING
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Method of giving Limits
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Tolerance Expression
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Bilateral Tolerances
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Cumulative Tolerances
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Geometrical Dimensioning
&
Tolerancing (GD & T)
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Uses symbols to specify geometric characteristics
and dimensional requirements
Current GD&T standard: ANSI/ASME Y14.5M-1994
Symbols for:
Form and profile tolerances
Orientation tolerances
Location tolerances
Runout tolerances
GD & T
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MMC Maximum Material Condition
LMC Least Material Condition
ISO standard of preferred metric limits and fits: In the dimension 16h11, the tolerance zone is
specified by a letter and a number, I.e. h11. An
uppercase letter indicates that the tolerance
applies to the hole; a lowercase letter indicates
the tolerance applies to the shaft.
GD & T
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Basic Dimension: Theoretically exact, untoleranced
dimensions that specify the perfect location, size,
shape, or angle of a feature.
Basic dimensions are identified by enclosing thedimension in a box.
Basic dimensions specify theoretically exact value
from which variations are defined through feature
control frames as well as toleranced features andnotes.
General tolerances do not apply to basic dimensions.
GD & T
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Geometric Characteristics (ANSI Y14.5M-1994)
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Feature Control Frame
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Form - Straightness StraightnessFlatness
CircularityCylindricity
F
O
RM
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Form - Straightness StraightnessFlatness
CircularityCylindricity
F
O
RM
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Form - Flatness StraightnessFlatness
CircularityCylindricity
F
O
RM
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Form - Flatness StraightnessFlatness
CircularityCylindricity
F
O
RM
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Form - Circularity StraightnessFlatness
CircularityCylindricity
F
O
RM
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Form - Cylindricity StraightnessFlatness
CircularityCylindricity
F
O
RM
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Profile Surface all aroundLine
Surface
PROFILE
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Profile Surface between pointsLine
Surface
PROFILE
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Profile Surface of revolutionLine
Surface
PROFILE
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Orientation - Angularity ORIENTATIONAngularity
PerpendicularityParallelism
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Orientation - PerpendicularityORIENTATION
AngularityPerpendicularity
Parallelism
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Orientation - Perpendicularity ORIENTATIONAngularity
PerpendicularityParallelism
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Orientation - Perpendicularity ORIENTATIONAngularity
PerpendicularityParallelism
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Orientation - Parallelism ORIENTATIONAngularity
PerpendicularityParallelism
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Orientation - Parallelism ORIENTATIONAngularity
PerpendicularityParallelism
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Orientation Angularity & Parallelism ORIENTATIONAngularity
PerpendicularityParallelism
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Location - Position LOCATIONPosition
ConcentricitySymmetry
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Location - Position LOCATIONPosition
ConcentricitySymmetry
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Location - Concentricity LOCATIONPosition
ConcentricitySymmetry
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Runout Circular & Total RUNOUTCircular
Total
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Runout Circular & Total RUNOUTCircular
Total
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Example
TOTAL RUNOUT
OF 0.03 w.r.t. C & D
RUNOUT
OF 0.01 w.r.t. C & D
PERPENDICULARITYOF 0.02 w.r.t. C
CONCENTRICITY
OF 0.02 w.r.t. D
PROFILE_SURFACE
OF 0.02 w.r.t. C & D
PARALLELISM
OF 0.02 w.r.t. C