Download - Geo 102 Lab #1
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Geo 102 Lab #1
Pacific Northwest Geologic Mystery
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The Scientific MethodThe basic process of the scientific method is as follows:• Observe some phenomenon or object you cannot explain.• Invent a tentative description or explanation, called a
hypothesis, that is consistent with what you have observed.
• Use the hypothesis to make predictions about future observations and actions.
• Test those predictions by experiments or further observations and modify the hypothesis in the light of your results.
• Make additional predictions based on the revised hypothesis until there are no discrepancies between theory and experiment and/or observation.
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#1McMinnville
Oregon
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Jökulhlaups
• Glacial outburst floods, also known as jökulhlaups, occur very rapidly and can release huge amounts of water. In Iceland, many jökulhlaups are triggered by volcanic activity beneath glacial ice.
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Jökulhlaup in Iceland
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Erratic - A rock fragment carried by glacial ice, or by floating ice, deposited some distance from the
outcrop from which it was derived…
- Glossary of Geology
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Erratic State Park in
McMinnville
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Glacial Erratics in the Willamette
ValleyMcMinnville Erratic
Icebergs near Vatnajokull, Iceland
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#2Eastern
Washington
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Satellite Image of Eastern Washington
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The Palouse
• Ancient loess deposits in eastern Washington derived from the Columbia River and glacial outwash, blown in during the last Ice Age.
• The Palouse consists of rolling hills of very thick, fertile, soil. It known for its rich wheat production.
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Loess
• Silt, sand, and dust, which are blown by wind. The source of most of the loess in the Pacific Northwest is glacial material blown from the north during the last Ice Age
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Scablands
• An elevated area, underlain by flat-lying basalt flows, with a thin soil cover and sparse vegetation, and usually with deep dry channels scoured into the surface.
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Scablands - Near Grand Coulee
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Map of Eastern
Washington
Dry Falls and Coulee City
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#3Spokane
Washington
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Map of Spokane
Area
Rhythmites
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Rhythmites South of Spokane
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Rhythmite
• Succession of layers of sediment (silts, clays, etc.) deposited in rhythmic cycles. For example a sand layer followed by a silt layer followed by another sand layer. Varying amounts of time may separate layers.
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Glacial Varves
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Varve
• A pair of thin sedimentary layers formed annually by seasonal climatic changes. Usually found in glacial lake deposits, varves consist of a coarse-grained, light-colored summer layer and a finer-grained, dark-colored winter layer. Varves, and the pollen they contain, are useful for interpreting recent climatic history.
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#4Coulee City Washington
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Map of Eastern
Washington
Dry Falls and Coulee City
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Large Boulder Near Grand Coulee Dam
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#5MissoulaMontana
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Detroit Dam
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Detroit Reservoir in March
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Shorelines above Missoula
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#6Corvallis Oregon
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Wallowing in a Mud Puddle
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#7Camas Prairie
Montana
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Camas Prairie, Montana
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Camas Prairie, Montana
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Ripple Marks
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Camas Prairie, Montana
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Camas Prairie Topographic Map
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#8Dry Falls
Washington
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Map of Eastern
Washington
Dry Falls and Coulee City
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Aerial View of Dry Falls
Dry Falls
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Shutting off Niagara
A De-watered
American Falls
1969
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Eroded Gully SW of Coulee City
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Labs are due two days after they are assigned by 5:00
p.m.
TA Officesand Mailboxes