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Geographical Information Systems
Dr Nigel Trodd
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Your aim is
to understand the main features of GIS
You will be able to identify technologies for handling geospatial
data recognise GIS functions assess the relationship between GIS & other
geospatial technologies
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What is
GIS?
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a GIS is...
a system to capture, store, check, integrate, manipulate, analyse and display data which are spatially referenced to the Earth.
DoE 1987
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a GIS is NOT a GIS if it lacks tools to....
capture store check integrate manipulate analyse display
…spatially referenced data
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GI technologies... analogue cartography
Capture
Store
Check
Integrate
Manipulate
Analyse
Display
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CAD db IP
Capture
Store
Check
Integrate
Manipulate
Analyse
Display
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CAD db IP
Capture
Store
Check vector only non-spatial
Integrate project based
Manipulate
Analyse non-spatial raster only
Display
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…and GIS?
Capture
Store
Check
Integrate
Manipulate
Analyse
Display
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times are changing...
ESRI products 1982-2004ESRI products
ArcGIS Explorer
ArcGIS Desktop
ArcGIS Online
ArcGIS Server
ArcPadArcGIS for:Windows MobileBlackberry (Freeance)iOS
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Wireless Location based devices
Internet Web-GIS
Database Desktop GIS
Spatial analysis
Geostats, distributed models
Multimedia extensions
Specialist apps
time
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…some things never change
ALL GIS store, check & integrate geospatial data– spatial referencing system– Topology
ALL GIS manipulate & analyse geospatial data– Query– spatial operations
ALL GIS display geospatial data– select layers– pan, zoom
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Bibliography Clark MJ, 1992. The GIS Survival Guide, GeoData Institute, Southampton. Cowan DJ, 1988. GIS versus CAD versus DBMS. What are the differences ?
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, November. Department of the Environment, 1987. Handling Geographic Information. Report of
the Committee of Enquiry chaired by Lord Chorley. HMSO, London. Ehlers M et al., 1987. Integration of remote sensing with GIS: a necessary
evolution. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 55, 1619-27. Longley PA, Goodchild, MF, Maguire, DJ & Rhind DW (eds.), 1999.
Geographical Information Systems: Principles, Techniques, Management and Applications. New York: Wiley.
Maguire DJ, 1991. An overview and definition of GIS. In Maguire DJ, Goodchild MF & Rhind DW (eds.) GIS: Principles and Applications. Longman: London, 9-20
Wright DJ, Goodchild MF & Proctor JD, 1997. Demystifying the persistent ambiguity of GIS as 'tool' versus 'science‘, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 87, 346-362. http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/annals.html