Download - Geology Egypt
Course in
By
Dr. Adly Abdel Aziz Helba
Course Content
Introduction Location Topography & Geomorphology Tectonic Framework Stratigraphic Sequences Economic Potentiality
☻Understanding the general geological framework of Egypt
COURSE OBJECTIVES
☻Familiarize you with the litho-and bio-stratigraphy, structural setting, and geological history of Egypt, and the main economic resource and its hosting rocks
☻Acquiring The Skill Of How To Differentiate the different time rock sequences of Egypt?
Stratigraphic Sequences
Paleozoic Successions
Mesozoic Successions
Cenozoic Succession
Major structural
trends of NE Africa and
Arabia
Najd Fault System
Central African
Lineament
Trans-
Africa
n
Linea
men
t
Mesozoic Sequences
In Egypt
Triassic Deposits, started since 245my
Jurassic Deposits, started since 208 my
Cretaceous Deposits, started since 144-66 my
Mesozoic Era lasted about 160 my
Two main global events: Tectonic and biologic
Equator
Gondwana Land
Lauras
ia
ProtoPangea
Subsurface occurrence: a rather complete Triassic section of both marine and fluvial deposits is recorded in the subsurface well (Halal Well No. 1) drilled at Gabal Halal in north Sinai.
Triassic Deposits in Egypt
Surface & subsurface occurrences Marine deposits of Middle Triassic age
outcrops only in the core of Gabal Aref El Naqa anticline in northeast Sinai, while southwards in central Sinai and Gulf of Suez, the exposures of the Triassic age are almost of fluvial origin.
Aref El Naqa
El Maghara
Subsurface Triassic SuccessionSubsurface Triassic Succession
4 -Mohilla Fm: Sabkha facies3 -Aref El Naqa Fm
2 -Raaf Fm: Shelf carbonate3 -Zafir Fm: Shale, Sandstone,
fossiliferous shale and dolostone
Geology of Egypt
Geology of Egypt
Hetangian
Sinemurian
Pliensbachian
Toarcian
Aalenian
Bajocian
Bathonian
Callovian
Oxfordian
Kimmeridgian
Portlandian
LIASS
DOGGER
MALM
J U
R A
S S
I
C LOWER
MIDDLE
UPPER
CLASSIFICATION
Global Geography and tectonic setting
Shallow seas invaded and occupied only northern Egypt and filled the isolated basins. Its paleo-shorelines never extend far south of El Maghara-Wadi Araba- Abu Gharadiq arbitrary line. The southern and central Egypt was positive area subjected to erosion and fluvial sedimentation in isolated low-lying alluvial plains.
Jurassic paleogeography in Egypt
Distribution of Jurassic rocks in Egypt
Surface occurrences
South Western Desert
El Maghara
in northern Sinai at G. El Maghara, G. Giddi, G. Minsherah and G. Aref El Naqa.
In central Sinai, they share in forming the southern scarp of G. El Tih Plateau.In northern sector of the Gulf of Suez, isolated faulted blocks of Jurassic rocks outcrop in the western side of the Gulf (e.g. Khashm El Galala, Wadi Um Lug, Ras El Abd and Maa Sweilam.
in most southern terrain of the Western Desert.
Thick Jurassic deposits bearing both source and reservoir rock are met in most penetrating wells in many oil fields of north Western Desert (e.g. Obaiyed Field).
Subsurface occurrences
Lithostratigraphy of the Jurassic rocks 1. Jurassic rock units in north Sinai
Lithostratigraphy of the Jurassic rocks
2- Jurassic rock units central Sinai
Malha FmRaqaba FmTemmariya Fm
3- Jurassic rock units Gulf of SuezKhashm El Galala
Fm
4- Jurassic rock units Western DesertSix Hills
Formation
0600
0
Isopach map of Bahrein Fm
0
500
Isopach map of Wadi El Natrun Fm
Isopach map of Khatatba Fm
0
1000
1000
0
900
Isopach map of Masajid Fm
In El Maghara area, the Jurassic Safa Formation hosts the economic coal deposits of EgyptThe Jurassic marine deposits form a source rocks in many oil fields in both the Gulf of Suez and north Western Desert The Jurassic clastics of El Khatatba Formation is one of the main reservoirs of gas in some hydrocarbon fields of north Western Desert
ECONOMIC POTENTIALITY OF JURASSIC ROCKS IN EGYPT
Geology of Egypt
Geology of Egypt
Valanginian (144-121)
Hauterivian (121-117 myr)
Barremian (117-113 myr)
Aptian (113- 108 myr)
C r
e t
a c
e o
u
s
Early Cretaceous
Late Cretaceous
CLASSIFICATION
Albian (108-96 myr)
Cenomanian (96-92 my)
Turonian (92- 89 my)
Coniacian (89-88 my)
Santonian (88-84 my)
Campanian (84-74 my)
Maastrichtian (74-66 my)
1- Lower Cretaceous deposits in Egypt
Pre-Aptian Paleogeography
in Egypt
1- Lower Cretaceous deposits in Egypt
Aptian Paleogeography
in Egypt
1- Lower Cretaceous deposits in Egypt
Albian Paleogeography
in Egypt
Distribution of Lower Cretaceous rocks in Egypt
Surface occurrencesin northern Sinai at G.
El Maghara, G. Rizan Aneiza, G. Minsherah and G. Aref El Naqa.
In central Sinai, they share in forming the southern scarp of G. El Tih Plateau.In Gulf of Suez and Eastern Desertin most southern terrain of the Western Desert.
Thick Lower Cretaceous deposits forming reservoir rocks are met in most penetrating wells in many oil fields of north Western Desert (e.g. Alamain Field).
Subsurface occurrences
Lower Cretaceous rocks in north Sinai
Late
Ju
rassic
Ap
tian
-A
lbia
n
Cenomanian
Thin undifferentiated Lower Cretaceous Nubian clastics
Rizan Aneiza Fm.
Rizan Aneiza Formation
N-S Facies change of Lower Cretaceous rocks in Sinai