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Geometric Spectral Albedo
Hesan Ziar, Furkan Sonmez, Olindo Isabella, Miro Zeman
16th of Sep 2019
BiFi Workshop, Amsterdam
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2
● Direct
● Diffuse
● Albedo
Irradiation components
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Irradiation components
3
● Direct
● Diffuse
● Albedo
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Albedo
4
● The ratio between reflected upwelling radiation and the global downwelling radiation incident at the measurement surface.
down
S
up
S
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Importance of albedo for PV
5
● TWp PV era is coming…
● 20% share for bifacial by 2022.
● Bifaciality is an option to increase the PV energy yield with low additional cost.
● For bifacials, contribution of albedo component of sunlight becomes more significant.
TWp
Up to 30% more energy for Amsterdam and even more
Depends on 1) bifacial factor 2) albedo value
International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic, 9th edition, (2018).
R. Kopecek and J. Libal, Nature Energy, 3, (2018).
G. J.M.Janssen, et. al., Energy Procedia, 77, (2015).
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Importance of albedo for PV
6
● TWp PV era is coming…
● 20% share for bifacial by 2022.
● Bifaciality is an option to increase the PV energy yield with low additional cost.
● For bifacials, contribution of albedo component of sunlight becomes more significant.
TWp
Accurate albedo modelling → Less error in yield prediction
International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic, 9th edition, (2018).
R. Kopecek and J. Libal, Nature Energy, 3, (2018).
G. J.M.Janssen, et. al., Energy Procedia, 77, (2015).
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Previous models
7
How should I
model it?
Beam/Diffuse albedo model
Nkemdirim model
Zonal albedo model
Average measured site albedo
Constant albedo assumption
Spectral albedo model
Temps & Coulson’s model
Isotropy assumption model
B. Y. Liu and R. C. Jordan, Solar Energy, 7, (1963).
P. Ineichen, et.al., Solar Energy, 39, (1987).
C. Gueymard, Solar Energy, 50, (1993).
L. C. Nkemdirim, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 11, (1972).
C. Gueymard, Solar Energy, 38, (1987).
J. E. Hay, Renewable energy, 3, (1993).
R. C. Temps and K. Coulson, Solar Energy, 19, (1977).
A. Baldridge, S. Hook, C. Grove, and G. Rivera, Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, (2009).
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Complexity in albedo modelling
8
● Whatever is in an environment may influence albedo and the environment is changing all the time, so does albedo.
● Light source condition is influential.
● Previous models are neither right nor wrong. They are incomplete.
Dependency of albedo on many factors makes it a huge challenge to fed all the influential parameters into one coherent model.
P. Ineichen, et. al., Solar Energy, 44, (1990).
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Complexity in albedo modelling
9
● Whatever is in an environment may influence albedo and the environment is changing all the time, so does albedo.
● Light source condition is influential.
● Previous models are neither right nor wrong. They are incomplete.
Dependency of albedo on many factors makes it a huge challenge to fed all the influential parameters into one coherent model.
P. Ineichen, et. al., Solar Energy, 44, (1990).
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Main influential factors
10
● Surrounding environment can be explained by two main features:
● Material
● Geometry
● On top of that, to model albedo, we have to consider light source features as well.
Albedo
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Main influential factors
11
● Surrounding environment can be explained by two main features:
● Material
● Geometry
● On top of that, to model albedo, we have to consider light source features as well.
Albedo
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Main influential factors
12
● Surrounding environment can be explained by two main features:
● Material
● Geometry
● On top of that, to model albedo, we have to consider light source features as well.
Albedo
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Main influential factors
13
● Surrounding environment can be explained by two main features:
● Material
● Geometry
● On top of that, to model albedo, we have to consider light source features as well.
Albedo
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Coherent albedo model
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● Now lets put all of them together:
1 1 2
1
1
1i i ii S A i S A S A
i N
ii
R C F C F FH
H. Ziar, et al., Applied Energy, 255, (2019)
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Coherent albedo model
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● Now lets put all of them together:
R
H. Ziar, et al., Applied Energy, 255, (2019)
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Put the model into test
17
● Experiment
● Simulation
Material ASTER spectral library
Geometry LiDAR data Height map 3D software packages
Weather Meteorological stations Irradiation models
Albedo equation
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Albedo model validation
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● Low RMSEs of 0.012 and 0.032 good agreement between prediction and measurement.
H. Ziar, et al., Applied Energy, 255, (2019)
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Applications of the proposed albedo equation
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● Remote Sensing
● Local and Global Warming
● Geology and Agriculture
● Energy and Photovoltaics
● Computer Graphics
● Conceptual Application
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Applications of the proposed albedo equation
20
● Remote Sensing
● Local and Global Warming
● Geology and Agriculture
● Energy and Photovoltaics
● Computer Graphics
● Conceptual Application
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Applications of the proposed albedo model
21
● Energy and Photovoltaics
● Overestimation of (33 kWh/m2/year × average albedo before installation) in DC-yield prediction.
avoiding energy yield over-estimation
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Summary of results
22
● A coherent model to cluster all the parameters which affect albedo in one equation.
1 1 2
1
1
1i i ii S A i S A S A
i N
ii
R C F C F FH
● The model can calculate the albedo without the need for in-field measurements.
● The model can be deployed in many fields of research concerned with urban and solar energy.
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Thank you for your attention
Hesan Ziar, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands. Email: [email protected]
Visit our online PV monitoring station: https://pvmonitoring.pvmd.tudelft.nl/