Download - Giải Đề Cương Quản Lý Mạng Viễn Thông
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3 | P a g e
Cu 3. Trnh by cc c im ca tip cn qun l tp trung- Ch c mt thit b qun l thu nhn cc thng tin v iu khin ton b
cc thc thmng.
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Cc chc nng qun l c thc hin bi manager (thit bqun l), khnngca hthng phthuc rt ln vo mc thng minh ca manager.
- qun l iu hnh cc chc nng s cp, agent c t vo cc h thng b
qun l thc hin cc chc nng s cp nhm htrcc chc nng khi to,
gim st v sa i cc hnh vi ca chc nng s cp.
- Thng tin trao i tmanager ti cc agent thng qua cc giao thc thng
tin qun l nh giao thc qun l mng n gin SNMP (Simple Network
Management Protocol) v giao thc thng tin qun l chung v dch v thng
tin qun l chung CMIS/CMIP (Common Management InformationProtocol).
- Nu manage li hoc hng th ton bhthng qun l sbt lit, nu li ch
xy ra trong mt phn mng, th mt sphn tmng trong vng mng li s
khng c qun l.
u:
+ Chnh sch qun l nht qun
+ Quan st cnh bo v cc skin tmt vtr
Nhc:
+ phc thuc nhiu vo manager
+ kh mrng.
+ phc tp hthng tng rt nhanh.
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4 | P a g e
Cu 4. Trnh by cc c im ca tip cn qun l phn cp- Mng c chia lm nhiu vng, mi vng c m nhim bi mt trung tm
qun l
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Trung tm xl t ti gc ca cy phn cp, v cc hthng phn tn c tti cc nhnh ca cy.
- Hthng xl trung tm truy nhp ti tt ccc h thng nhnh v ch ra cc
nhim vphn tn ca nhnh. Kin trc phn cp sdng khi nim qun l ca
qun l v qun l theo vng. Mi mt hthng qun l vng chu trch nhim
qun l trong chnh vng v khng lin quan ti cc vng khc.
Cc c im c bn ca hthng phn cp nh sau:
+ Hthng qun l vng thng l hthng my tnh a chc nng: truy nhp
timy chtrung tm v ng vai tr hot ng nh mt client.
+ Hthng qun l khng phthuc vo mt hthng n.
+ Phn tn cc chc nng qun l mng.
+ Chc nng gim st mng c btr phn tn.
+ Lu trthng tin tp trung.
u im:
+ C khnng mrng hthng qun l nhanh.
+ Tn dng c cc u im ca m hnh qun l phn tn v m hnh qun l
tp trung
+ Chc nng qun l c phn cp ti trung tm qun l cp cao
Nhc im:
+ Thu thp thng tin phc tp v tn thi gian.
+ Danh sch thit bqun l bi cc client phi c xc nh v cu hnh trc.
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6 | P a g e
Cu 6. Trnh by cc c im m hnh phn cp kin trcqun l mng
M hnh phn cp kin trc qun l mng l tip cn top to downvi cc thnh
phn tru tng nm ti lp cao ca kin trc v cc thnh phn c thnmti lp thp. gm cc lp:
- Qun l kinh doanh: Qun l kha cnh kinh doanh ca mng v dnh: ngn
sch/ ti nguyn, khoch v cc tha thun.
- Qun l dch v: Qun l cc dch v cung cp cho ngi sdng, v d
cc
dch vcung cp bao gm vic qun l bng thng truy nhp, lu trdliu v
cc ng dng cung cp.
- Qun l mng: Qun l ton bthit bmng trong mng.
- Qun l phn t: Qun l mt tp hp thit bmng, v dcc bnh tuyn truy
nhp hoc cc hthng qun l thu bao.
- Qun l phn tmng: Qun l tng thit b n trong mng, v d b
nh
tuyn, chuyn mch, Hub.
- Cc lp thp c qun l qua cc bin v tham s.
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7 | P a g e
Cu 7. Trnh by cc thnh phn c bn ca giao thc qun lmng n gin SNMP
- H thng qun l mng da trn SNMP gm ba thnh phn: b phn qun l
(manager), thit bchu squn lcn gi l i l (agent) v c sdliu gil C sthng tin qun l (MIB).
- Manager:
+ l mt chng trnh vn hnh trn mt hoc nhiu my tnh trm. Ty thuc
vo cu hnh, mi bphn qun l c thc dng qun l mt mng con,
hoc nhiu bphn qun l c thc dng qun l cng mt mng con hay
mt mng chung.
+ Qua bphn qun l, nhng yu cu c chuyn ti mt hoc nhiu thit b
chu
squn l. Tng tc thc s gia mt ngi sdng cui (end-user) v bphn qun l c duy tr qua vic s dng mt hoc nhiu chng trnh ng
dng m cng vi bphn qun l, bin mt bng phn cng thnh Trm qun l
mng (NMS).
- Agent:
+ L mt nt mng htrgiao thc SNMP v thuc vmng bqun l.
+ Thit bc nhim vthu thp thng tin qun l v lu trphc v cho h
thng qun l mng.
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8 | P a g e
+ Mi thit b chu s qun l bao gm phn mm hoc phn sn (firmware)
di dng m, phin dch nhng yu cu SNMP v p ng ca nhng yu cu
.
- MIB - C sthng tin qun l:
+ Mi thit bchu squn l c thc cu hnh, trng thi v thng tin thng k
nh ngha chc nng v kh nng vn hnh ca thit b, thng tin ny rt a
dng
+ nhng thnh phn thng tin d liu ny c coi l C s thng tin qun l
MIB ca thit bchu squn l. MIB nh ngha loi thng tin c thkhi phc
tmt thit bchu squn l v cch ci t thit bm hthng qun l iu
khin.
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9 | P a g e
Cu 8. Nu cu trc v nhn dng thng tin qun l hthngSMI (Structure Management Information)
- Thng tin qun l hthng SMI nh ngha mt c cu tchc chung cho thng
tin qun l. SMI nhn dng cc kiu dliu trong MIB v chr cch thc miu
tcc ti nguyn trong c sdliu thng tin qun l MIB.
- SMI m phng 6 loi dliu: bm, tch tc thi gian, a chmng, a chIP
v sliu khng trong sut
- SMI duy tr tnh n gin v khnng mrng trong MIB. V thMIB chlu
nhng loi d liu n gin gm cc i tng v hng v cc mng hai
chiu ca cc i tng v hng.
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cung cp phng php tiu chun biu din thng tin qun tr, SMI cn thchin nhng cng vic sau:
+ Cung cp kthut tiu chun nh ngha cu trc ca MIB c bit.
+ Cung cp kthut tiu chun nh ngha cc i tng n l, bao gm c
php v gi trca mi i tng.
+ Cung cp kthut tiu chun m ho cc gi tri tng.
Sm tcc i tng bqun l c SMI thc hin thng qua ngn ngm t
ASN.1. Vic nh ngha loi i tng gm 5 trng:
+ Object: Tn ca i tng, cn c coi nh l phn m ti tng cho miloi i tng cng vi phn nhn dng i tng tng ng ca i tng.
+ Syntax: C php cho loi i tng. c th l mt trong cc loi c php
n gin nh: Integer, Octet String, Object Identifier, Null hay mt c php ng
dng nh: a chmng, bm, kiu gauge, Time Ticks,
dng dliu khng trong sut, hay cc loi dliu ng dng mrng
+ Definition: Cc nh ngha m tngngha ca loi i tng.
+ Access (Truy nhp): Phng php truy nhp c th l: chc, c-ghi hay
khng thtruy nhp.
+ Status (Trng thi): C thl cng ch, ty chn hay khng cn hiu lc.
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10 | P a g e
Cu 9. Trnh by cc vn thc tin qun l mng SNMPv3- Chuyn cc dliu qun l vo cc m lnh:
C s thng tin qun l MIB cung cp mt h tng qun l v phi d phng cckhng gian nhcho nhng thay i ca i tng qun l. Mt khc, spht trin v
phc tp ca thc th mng (NE) tng ln khng ngng trong khi qu trnh
truyn v nhn dliu tAgent l thtc bt buc ca SNMP, v vy vic chuyn
cc d liu thnh m nh th no l mt vn thch thc ca h thng qun l
mng. Khi chuyn dliu thnh cc m c mt svn sau:
+ Cc i tng bqun l nm trn rt nhiu Agent
+ Bn sao ca cc i tng qun l nm ti hthng manager+ S thay i d liu trn cc Agent s lm thay i d liu bn sao trn
manager.
- Stng trng ca M IB
+ Cc bng c sthng tin qun l lu trcc tham sca i tng qun l, khi s
lng NE ln ng ngha vi vic mrng bng MIB.
+ Sphc tp gia tng khi nhiu nh cung cp cung cp nhng module MIB chocc NE ca htheo dng file vn bn.
+ Vic tch hp cc h thng thit b thnh cc phn tmng ln cng mang li
mt skh khn trong h thng qun l mng, v cc chc nng c tch hp rt
kh qun l ng thi cc h thng qun l phi h tr rt nhiu tng tc trong
FCAPS.
- phc tp trong trin khai
+ Vic xy dng hthng qun l cho nhng thit bmng hin nay v trong tng
lai ngy cng gp nhiu kh khn (iu ny l ng vi vic pht trin thit b
ca nhng cng nghmi nh MPLS hay Ethernet Gigabit l vic thm vo hoc k
tha cc thc thmng-NE lp 2).
Ngoi ra vic thit lp cc knng yu cu ca ngi pht trin phn mm NMS
ang tng v bao gm:
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11 | P a g e
+ Vic pht trin v lm m hnh hng i tng s dng UML (Unified
Modeling Language) cho vic ginhng yu cu, nh ngha cc hot ng v cc
trng hp sdng sp xp chng vo trong cc lp phn mm.
+ Pht trin cc phn mm qun l trn Java/C++.
+ Phn mm Server a xl FCAPS.
+ c bit htrcho vic pht trin cc c tnh nh ATM/MPLS.
+ C sdliu ca vic thit k/nng cp ph hp vi MIB ti gin c sd
liu qua nhiu phin bn phn mm NMS/NE.
+ Cng nghlp 2 nh ATM, FR v Gigabit Ethernet.
+ Cng nghktha nh thoi qua TDM v X.25.
+ Khnng pht trin m hnh v thnh phn phn mm chung, hthng qun l c
thgiu nhiu chi tit nm bn di ca hot ng mng.
+ Thit kClient/server.
+ Qun l vic thit ki tng, giai on lm m hnh ca hthng qun l.
+ Vic thit kMIB cn c i tng mi bn trong thit bqun l h trh
thng qun l.
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12 | P a g e
Cu 10. So snh c tnh ca cc phng php cu hnh cbn trong qun l mng IP
Giao din CLI Giao din ha
+ CLI l mt tp dng lnh da trn text
a ra bi ngi iu hnh ti thit bkt
cui qun l.
+ Cc dng lnh c cc c php c bit
c nh ngha bi nh cung cp thit b,
cc thit b ca cng nh cung cpthng c chung cc b cu lnh v ng
ngha cu lnh.
+ Cc dng lnh c cc c php c bit
c nh ngha bi nh cung cp thit b,
cc thit b ca cng nh cung cp
thng c chung cc b cu lnh v ng
ngha cu lnh
+ u: Cc thng tin thng c lu
tr di dng m nhphn , ddng lu
tr, qun l v truy nhp sdng bi cc
phn mm qun l.
ddng a ra cc mc iu khin tinh
qua cc thit b v cho php ngi s
dng kim tra chi tit cc hot ng gn
nht ca thit b.
+ Nhc: Phi ghi nhcu lnh
+ Cng ccu hnh thn thin vi ngi
dng.
+ Ngi s dng khng cn nh ngn
ng
cu lnh m thng qua cc khong trng
tham s thc hin cu hnh.
+ Cc giao din ha cung cp phng
thc (point-and-click) kch hot cc
mc qun l, chut la chn thit bv
ko thcc i tng cu hnh.
u: + phng php thu thp d liu t
cc thit b c thhin th, d dng xem
chi tit cc thng tin v th hin ngtheo tin trnh v thi gian.
+ Nhc: C thyu cu nh qun trh
thng c kinh nghim s dng CLI v
CLI c tha ra cc mc iu khin chi
tit hn v a ra lng thng tin ln
hn, thm ch
l phng php nhp lnh CLI cngnhanh hn.
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13 | P a g e
Cu 11. Trnh by cc kha cnh chc nng ca kin trc qunl theo m hnh OSIChia thnh 5 vng gm c:
- Qun l cu hnh gm cc tin trnh xc nh v xl cc tham sthay i ca
cc thit bv phng tin truyn thng nhm duy tr hot ng chc nng ca
mng. Cc tham sc tht, khi to li, hoc n gin chl hin ththam scho ngi qun l.
- Qun l li l mt tin trnh pht hin li, xc nh li, cch ly li v sa
li.
+ Xc nh cc iu kin bt bnh thng ca thit b
+ t ngng cho cc kiu cnh bo khc nhau hoc t cc thng tin t pha
ngi sdng dch v.
+ Thay i cc tham sph hp trong qun l cu hnh.
-
Qun l hiu nng gm mt s tc v yu cu nh gi mc sdng ca cc
thit bmng v phng tin truyn dn v t cc tham sph hp vi yu cu
thc t.
- Qun l bo mt m tmt tp cc tc vnhm m bo nhn thc ngi s
dng v thit b, nn dliu, phn bkho bo mt, duy tr v gim st bn ghi
bo mt, pht hin v ngnchn cc xm phm khng cho php.
- Qun l ti khon lin quan ti qu trnh tnh cc v ho n sdng dch v,
qun l ti khon cung cp phng php tnh ph hp cc yu cu ca ngi sdng v hin trng mng.
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14 | P a g e
Cu 12. Trnh by cc c im trn kha cnh thi gian canhim vqun l mng
- Kha cnh thi gian l mt vn lun c t ra v quan tm trong cc
hot ng qun l mng.- Yu t thi gian tc ng ti hng lot cc vn nh lp khoch,
cung cp, iu hnh v thay i cc nhim vqun l mng.
- Trong giai on xl lp khoch, mt lot bc xl khc nhau thng c
t ra nh sau: phn tch ng dng, phn tch mc u tin yu cu, phn tch
kch thc yu cu, phn tch thnh phn, lp khoch a h thng vo hot
ng.
- Cc hot ng khc nhau c t trong cc khong thi gian khc nhau trong
giai on iu hnh hthng c thgn vo trc thi gian.+ Phm vi ngn hn: Cc nhim vngn hn gm cc php o c thc hin
trong thi gian tnh bng giy hoc pht. Cc nhim vny gm cc nhim v
gim st trong thi gian ngn m bo cc mc tiu iu hnh nh m bo
tnh bo mt hoc khdng, hoc xl bn tin li v thay thti nguyn d
phng.
+ Cc nhim v trung hn c thc hin theo chu k tnh bng gi, nhim
v trung hn thng do cc chuyn gia qun l m trch.
+ Phm vi di hn: Thi gian di hn c tnh theo tun hoc thng. Mc
tiu ca cc nhim vdi hn l sdng kinh nghim thu nhn c qua
thi gian ci thin iu hnh trong tng lai.
Vic phn chia thi gian khng chnhn dng cc hot ng qun l m cn ng
vai tr quan trng cho cc qu trnh to cng cv c sdliu. V vy, i vi
rt nhiu nhim v gim st, cc chu k gim st c quy nh bi
khung thi gian.
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15 | P a g e
Cu 13. Trnh by m hnh quan h ca h thng qun lmng da trn m hnh Manager-AgentMt h thng qun l mng xy dng trn m hnh Manager-Agent c xy dng
khng chda trn m hnh truyn thng m cn lin quan ti hng lot cc m hnhkhc nh: m hnh kin trc, m hnh tchc, m hnh chc nng v m hnh thng
tin.
+ M hnh kin trc sdng thit k, cu trc cc thnh phn tham gia vo tin
trnh qun l. Trong m hnh kin trc, Manager ng vai tr nh l mt c squn l
bao gm mt c cu qun l v mt bcc ng dng qun l cung cp cc chc nng
qun l thc snh qun l cu hnh, qun l li v qun l hiu nng.
+ M hnh vn hnh nh ra giao din ca ngi s dng vi h thng qunl trong chr trng thi cng nh kiu nh dng ca cc tng tc ti ngi s
dng nh iu khin cc i tng c qun l, hin thv tm kim cc skin, cc
bn tin hay cnh bo ti ngi iu hnh.
+ M hnh chc nng nh ra cu trc ca cc chc nng qun l gip cho h
thng qun l thc hin cc ng dng qun l. M hnh chc nng c cu trc phn lp
m nhim cc chc nng c bn nh qun l cu hnh, hiu nng, li v cc tc vh
trqun l mc cao.
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+ M hnh tchc lin quan n cc chnh sch qun l v th tc vn hnh. M
hnh ny sxc nh cc min qun l, sphn chia quyn iu hnh cng nh quyn
truy nhp ca ngi sdng vo hthng qun l chung cng nh hthng qun l
mng khch hng.
+ M hnh thng tin l m hnh ct li ca vn qun l. M hnh thng tin a ra
cc tm tt vcc ngun ti nguyn c qun l di dng thng tin chung m cc
manager v agent u c thhiu c. M hnh thng tin cng xy dng mt c s
dliu nh dng, t tn v ng nhp cc ngun ti nguyn c qun l.
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17 | P a g e
Cu 14. Trnh by cu trc hnh cy ca c sthng tin qunl MIB IIM hnh hnh cy MIB II (RFC1213) c nhnh Internet c chia ra thnh 4 nhm ln: Th
mc, qun l, thc nghim v vng chsc nhn.
- Nhm th mc (Directory): Htrcc th mc trong OSI X.500
- Nhm qun l (Management): Gm cc i tng ca Internet
- Nhm thc nghim (Experimental): Sdng cho qu trnh thc nghim trckhi chuyn sang nhm qun l.
- Nhm c nhn (Private) : Gm cc c tca cc nh cung cp thit bv ccvng gia tng gi tr.
Theo nhnh nhm qun l, MIB-II a ra cc bin squn l cc giao thc gm 11 cychc nng con. Cc cy con ny li tip tc c chia ra thnh cc cy con cp thp hn nhi tng hthng v cc bng con tng ng vi cc l. L c sdng nh du cc
bin sbqun l thuc mt loi nht nh. Mt sl chnh du mt thi im duy nhtca bin sbqun l v chi hi mt phn tlu trduy nht. Nhng l khc c thchdn nhiu thi im khc nhau. Cc thi im khc nhau ny c tchc thnh cc ct catbo. Cc ct ny to thnh mt bng m cc hng ca bng ny biu din nhng thi imkhc nhau ca mt thc .
Vic nh stheo ththnh cy em li li thcho qt truy nhp thng tin trng thi chnhxc nhng kh phc tp vmt chdn do thhin trng thi ca cng mt i tng ti cc
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thi im khc nhau l khc nhau. V vy, phng php chdn theo bng shtrcc chdn i vi cc i tng c sthay i. Agent c thbsung thm hoc xa i cc u mcmi. Bng cc ct cha kha ngi ta c thx duy nht mt u mc ca bng thng quavic sdng ni dung ca cc ct cha kha lm chdn. Bng giao din a ra mt chdn
c bit ng vai tr nh cha kha. Gi trlu trtrong ct ny cho php ta xc nh cchng ct mt cch duy nht.
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19 | P a g e
Cu 15. Trnh by cu trc bn tin v cc cu lnh c bn caSNMPv2Cu trc gm cc trng:
-
Trng phin bn (Version) thhin phin bn ca giao thc SNMPv2.
- Trng Community l mt chui password xc nhn cho c tin trnh ly v
thay i d liu. SNMP PDU cha kiu iu hnh (get, set), yu cu p ng
(cng s th t vi bn tin gi i) - cho php ngi iu hnh gi ng thi
nhiu bn tin.
- Trng n vdliu giao thc (PDU) gm c cc trng con: Kiu n vd
liu giao thc, nhn dng cc yu cu (Request ID), trng thi li, chsli, cc
gi trv i tng.
Cc kiu n vd liu giao thc PDU thhin cc bn tin sdng trong
SNMPv2 gm c:
+ GetRequest: Cu lnh GetRequest c sdng gia Manager ti Agent. Cu lnh
ny c sdng c bin MIB n hoc danh sch cc bin MIB tcc Agent
ch.
+ GetNextRequest: Cu lnh GetNextRequest tng t nh cu lnh GetRequest, tuy
nhin tu thuc vo agent trong khon mc k tip ca MIB. cu lnh
GetNextRequest mrng cc bin v c c theo tun t.
+ SetRequest: Cu lnh SetRequest l cu lnh c gi i t Manager ti Agentnh hai cu lnh trn. SetRequest tm kim cc thng tin m rng trong bng MIB v
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Cu 16. Phn tch cc bc truyn v nhn bn tin trongSNMPv2
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Cu 17. Vtr, thnh phn v cc c tnh c bn ca gim sttxa RMON
- Vtr
Cc nhm ca RMON (RMONv1 v RMONv2) thuc vo nt 16 ca cy c sthng
tin qun l MIB-II
- Cc thnh phn: gm mt trung tm qun l mng NMS v mt thit bgim st
txa RMON.
+ Trung tm qun l mng NMS c th hot ng trn cc my chwindows,
unix hoc my PC chy cc ng dng qun l mng nhm thc hin cc nhim v
tp hp trng thi qua vic gim st cc gi tin d liu trn mng, lu trcc
thng tin ph hp vi c tnh ca RMON.
+ Thit bgim st txa: c nhim vgim st, thu thp cc thng tin gim st.
-
c tnh c bn+ iu hnh ngoi tuyn: RMON cho php mt phn t thm d thc hin cc
cng tc chn on v thu thp thng tin lin tc ngay c khi truyn thng vi
trm qun l khng kt ni.
+ Gim st chng: Vi RMON, thit bgim st txa (phn tthm d) c
mt ngun ti nguyn thc hin chn on v lu gi thng tin hiu nng
mng. V vy, phn t thm d c th thng bo ti trm qun l li v lu tr
thng tin trng thi vli.
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+ Pht hin v bo co li: Phn t thm d c thc cu hnh nhm nhn
dng cc iu kin li v kim tra cc li
+ Dliu gia tng gi tr: Mt khi thit bgim st txa thhin mt ngun ti
nguyn mng khc bit vi cc chc nng qun l mng v n c xc nh trc
tip tphn gim st mng, thit bgim st txa c ththm cc gi trvo d
liu thu thp nhm htrcc phn tthm d a ra c cc thng tin chnh
xc hn ti thit bgim st txa.
+ a qun l: Mt t chc c thc nhiu trm qun l cho cc n v ca t
chc vi cc chc nng khc nhau nhm cung cp cc thng tin tt nht khi
phc li.
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Cu 18. Phn tch cc kha cnh c bn ca m hnh giao thcSNMPv2SNMPv2 tch hp khnng lin iu hnh tmanager ti manager v hai n vd
liu giao thc mi. Khnng lin kt iu hnh manager-manager cho php SNMPhtrqun l mng phn tn trong mt trm v gi bo co ti mt trm khc.
a. Cu trc bn tin: Cu 3.5b. C sthng tin qun l MIB trong SNMPv2
MIB trong SNMPv2 nh ngha cc i tng m t tc ng ca mt phn tSNMPv2. MIB ny gm 3 nhm:
- Nhm hthng (System group): l mt mrng ca nhm system trong MIB-II gc,bao gm mt nhm cc i tng cho php mt Agent SNMPv2 m tcc i tngti nguyn ca n.
- Nhm SNMP (SNMP group): mt ci tin ca nhm SNMP trong MIB-II gc, baogm cc i tng cung cp cc cng cc bn cho hot ng giao thc.
-Nhm cc i tng MIB (MIB objects group): mt tp hp cc i tng lin quann cc SNMPv2-Trap PDU v cho php mt vi phn tSNMPv2 cng hot ng,thc hin nh trm qun tr, phi hp vic sdng ca chng trong ton tSet caSNMPv2.
c. Nguyn tc hot ng: Cu 3.6
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Cu 19*. Phn tch cc nhm i tng ca c s thng tinqun l MIB II
C sthng tin qun l- MIB
Mi thit bchu squn l c thc cu hnh, trng thi v thong tin thng k nh nghachc nng v khnng vn hnh ca thit b. thng tin ny rt a dng, c thbao gm cvic thit lp chuyn mch phn cng,nhng gi trkhc nhau lu trtrong cc bng ghi nhdliu, bhs hoc cc trng thng tin trong hs lu trcc file v nhng bin hocthnh phn dliu tngt. nhn chung, nhng thnh phn dliu ny c gi l thng tinc squn l ca thit bchu squn l. Xt ring, mi thnh phn dliu bin i ccoi l 1 i tng bqun l v bao gm tn,mt hoc nhiu thuc tnh v 1 tp cc hot
ng (operation) thc hin trn i tng . V vy MIB nh ngha loi thng tin c thkhi phc tmt thit bchu squn l v cch ci t thit bm hthng qun l iukhin
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Cu 20. Trnh by s ci thin ca khun dng bn tinSNMPv3Khun dng bn tin SNMPv3 c phn chia trong trong bn phn
- D liu chung (Common data)- Trng ny xut hin trong tt ccc bn tin
SNMPv3.
- Bo mt m hnh d liu (Security model data)- Vng ny c ba phn: phn
chung, phn dnh cho schng thc v phn cho dliu ring.
- Context Hai trng nhn dng v tn c dng cung cp context
cho PDU no sphi xl.
- PDUVng ny cha mt SNMPv2c PDU.
MessageVersion : Trng u tin trong bn tin l trng phin bn
SNMP.Trng ny cung cp tnh tng thch vi cc phin bn khc nhau. Gi tr3
trong trng ny chra y l mt bn tin SNMPv3. Gi tr2 v 1 tng ng vi
SNMPv2 v SNMPv1.
MessageID: l mt sc sdng gia hai thc thcho bn tin tng quan.
MaxMessageSize:kch thc ln nht ca bn tin c h tr bi bn gi bn tin.
MessageFlags: Cnh du bn tin c di 1 byte, xc nh s thit lp chng
thc v t ring cho bn tin. N cng thng bo khi bn tin yu cu mt sp li
tpha my thu.
MessageSecurity: Bo mt bn tin l mt i tng snguyn c t bo mt chobn tin. Phm vi ca nhng gi trhtrnh sau:
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+ 0 c dnh cho any (bt k).
+ 1 c dnh cho SNMPv1.
+ 2 c dnh cho SNMPv2c.
+ 3 c dnh cho USM (User-based Security Model).
+ 4-555 c dnh cho nhng m hnh bo mt tiu chun khc.
M hnh bo mt dliu chung:
Phn chung ca m hnh bo mt dliu bao gm cc trng sau:
+ EngineID: Snhn dng duy nht ca engine SNMPv3.
+ EngineBoots: l khong thi gian m engine SNMP bt u up hoc reset gi
trca usmUserTable cui cng bsa i.
+ EngineTime: Sgiy m gi trEngineBoots cui c sa i.
+ UserName: Tn ca ngi dng.
Nhng trng trn i trc cc vng d liu chng thc v ring l. EngineID v
User Name c dng to mt ch s trong mt bng gi l usmUserTable.
Bng ny lu gidliu m hnh bo mt cho EngineID v cp ngi dng.
M hnh bo mt dliu qua chng thc:
Hai giao thc chng thc h tr trong SNMPv3 l MD5 v SHA. Chai giao thc
cng phc vcho mc ch: xc nhn thng bo SNMPv3.
M hnh bo mt dliu qua giao thc ring:
Trng ca giao thc ring l l chui 18 byte octet dng cho thut ton tiu chun
m ha dliu DES (Data Encryption Standard). M ha dng kha 16 byte.
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Cu 21. Phn tch cc c im c bn ca phng php gimst mng
- Gim st mng c tip cn theo hai phng php: gim st t xa mng
thng v gim st mng chng.
- Mc tiu gim st nhm kim tra v gim st hiu nng thc tca dch vmng
vi cc tha thun cung cp cht lng dch v.
- Gim st mng bng:
+ Cc thit bmng ghi li cc trng thi lu lng mng cung cp cc thng
tin ca mt phn tmng thc t.
+ Cc bn tin thm d (polling) nh kc sdng thu thp thng tin d
liu cho bo co v phn tch.- Gim st mng chng:
+ gi cc thng tin gim st vo mng qun l
+ Cc lung dliu tng hp gm cc gi tin thm d c gi vo mng nhm
gim
st hiu nng mng.
- Gim st txa RMON
+ l mt c sthng tin qun l tiu chun khc vi giao thc qun l mng n
gin.+ Cc thng tin qun l, tp hp v phn tch ni b, c thtruyn n trm qun
l txa v c gim st.
+ Cc c tnh ca RMON: iu hnh ngoi tuyn, gim st chng, pht hin
v bo co li, dliu gia tng gi tr, a qun l.
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Cu 22. Vtr, thnh phn v cc c tnh c bn ca gim sttxa RMON
1.
Vtr
Cc phn tthm d RMON thay thcc thit bphn tch mng t tin cgn vo cc vng trng yu trong mng. Cc phn tthm d RMON c nhiu
dng khc nhau ph thuc vo kch thc v kiu thit b gim st: Nhng
RMON MIB trn chnh thit bchu sgim st, card ri, thit bhoc my tnh
ngoi. Cc nhm ca RMON (RMONv1 v RMONv2) thuc vo nt 16 ca cy
c sthng tin qun l MIB-II. Cc nhm ca RMONv1 gm 9 nhm c nh
ngha trong RFC 1757 v RMONv2 gm 9 nhm bsung c nh ngha trong
RFC 2021. RMONv1 nh ngha cc hot ng ti lp lin kt d liu ca m
hnh OSI, trong khi RMONv2 mrng hot ng ti cc lp cao hn.
Hnh 15.1. Vtr RMON trong cy MIB-II
2. Thnh phn
Tng tSNMP, mt kiu cu hnh RMON gm mt trung tm qun l mng
NMS v mt thit bgim st txa RMON.
Hnh 15.2.Cu hnh RMON in hnh
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Trung tm qun l mng NMS c thhot ng trn cc my chwindows, unix
hoc my PC chy cc ng dng qun l mng nhm thc hin cc nhim vtp
hp trng thi qua vic gim st cc gi tin dliu trn mng, lu trcc thng
tin ph hp vi c tnh ca RMON.
T NMS, ta c th a ra cc cu lnh yu cu thng tin t RMON agent,
RMON agent gi thng tin yu cu ti NMS sc xl v hin ththng tin
trn bn k.
chi tit hn cc c tnh hot ng ca RMON, ta xem xt mt trng hp
gim st mng txa trn hnh di. Mng c xy dng da trn mng ng
trc FDDI v kt ni ti mng LAN thng qua thit b cu. Cc bnh tuyn
cha phn mm gim st RMON nhm gim st cc thnh phn trong cc phnon mng. Khi xut hin cc skin bt bnh thng trong cc phn on mng
qun l, RMON gi thng tin ti hthng gim st mng txa bo co. M
hnh trn hnh 3.2 cng ch ra li ch ca sdng RMON khi cc agent khng
nht thit phi tn ti trong ton bthi gian qun l hthng mng.
Hnh 15.3. V dvmng gim st txa RMON
Mt sc chxc nhn li trong mng IP nh gi tin ICMP ping c thbtn
tht trong cc ng truyn thng c khong cch ln. Nht l khi c hin tng
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