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Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30
Warm-up #21.4 (29.4)12.What was the name for
President Wilson’s plan for the postwar world?
13.Which country took 100% of the blame for WWI under the Treaty of Versailles?
14.How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany?
15.Why did the US not want to join the League of Nations
12. 14 points13. Germany14. Left a legacy of
bitterness and hatred
15. Did not want to be involved in European affairs
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1900-1939
Chapter 30Revolution and Nationalism
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Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30
Section 1Revolutions In Russia
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Czars Resist ChangeThe revolution in Russia had been
building for nearly 100 yearsAlexander II, assassinated in 1881
for being too slow to reform, will be replaced by an absolutist (Alexander III)He will be harsh towards
revolutionariesCensorship, secret police,
monitoring students, political dissidents punished severely
Forbade diversity (especially Judaism)
Alex III will be replaced by Nicholas II in 1894Same policies of harshness
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Russian IndustrializationBetween 1863 and
1900, the number of factories doubled
In 1890, Nicholas focused Russia’s attention on rapid industrializationIt worked but it also
stirred discontent among the people
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Revolutionary Movement Begins
Worsening conditions (harsh work, low wages, child labor, no unions) led to workers strikingNew groups started
to formOne particular group
celebrated the ideas of MarxWanted to form a
“dictatorship of the proletariat” (workers)
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Bolsheviks and LeninIn 1903, two Marxist camps
formedModerates (Mensheviks)
wanted a broad base (lots of followers)
Radicals (Bolsheviks) wanted a few, very loyal followers for extreme reformers willing to sacrifice everything
The Bolsheviks eventually followed Vladimir LeninOrganized, engaging, and
ruthlessLed the revolution from abroad
after fleeing arrest in the early 1900s
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Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30
Crisis 1: JapanBetween 1904 and
1917, Russia quickly deteriorated
Competition for Manchuria/Korea led to the Russo-Japanese WarRussia loses
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Crisis #2: Bloody Sunday200,000 workers, on strike,
approached Czar Nicholas II’s winter palacePetition for rights (working
conditions, freedom, democratic legislature)
Hundreds were killed when the generals order the soldiers to fire on the crowd
Strikes spread rapidly, resulting in Nicholas creating the Duma (Parliament)Lasted 10 weeks before being
disbanded
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Crisis #3 (the final straw): WWI
Russia was being humiliated in battle after battle with GermanyPeople blamed the weak
Russian leadershipNicholas II goes to the Eastern
Front to set up camp and rally the troopsAlexandra (wife) was left in
charge and allowed Rasputin to make key political decisionsNobles kill Rasputin because of
his growing power
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March RevolutionMarch 1917, protests will
break out. Soldiers initially fire on protestors but eventually join with them
Czar Nicholas II stepped downHe + family executed 1
year laterWith nobody to replace the
Czar, a provisional (temporary) government was put in place
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SovietsPeople grew more radical
under the provisional government
They began creating councils (soviets) of workers in each city. They often became more powerful than the government
Lenin will return from exile (with the help of Germany) in April 1917
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Revolution Lenin and his supporters begin to
take control of the soviets In Nov 1917, the Bolsheviks storm
the Winter Palace and arrest leaders of the provisional governmentFarms were redistributedFactories went to the workersWWI was ended (for them)
Anger at the Bolsheviks led to a civil war (White vs Red)The white army was
unorganized and, by 1920, had lost
As many Russians died than in the WWI by all sides
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Restoring OrderThe war had destroyed
RussiaLenin introduced the NEP
(New Economic Policy) intended to turn things aroundPeasants could sell surplus crops
Small businesses could be privately owned
By 1928, Russia was back to pre-WWI production
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Maintaining ControlLenin renamed Russia the
USSR in 1922 as a tribute to the soviets
The Bolsheviks became the Communist Party and passed a constitutionThe Communist Party
had created a dictatorship
Lenin’s stroke (1922) left control of the party to Joseph Stalin
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AND NOW…Continue working on “The Great War” ProjectWWI rations postersWWI propaganda postersWWI before and after map Europe
WWI military technologyChapter 30 Vocab Crossword
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Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30
Warm-up #22.1 (30.1)1. What was the name
of the radical Marxist revolutionaries?
2. What happened immediately after the Bolshevik Revolution? (3)
3. How did Alexander III and Nicholas II spur on the Russian Revolution?
1. Bolsheviks2. Factories went
to workers, farmland was redistributed, treaty signed with Germany
3. They were autocrats with no reform
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Section 2Totalitarianism
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TotalitarianismUnder Stalin, the USSR
controlled every aspect of life
Tools of totalitarianism:Police terror – crush
opposition and dissentIndoctrination – use education to glorify the leader/policies
Propaganda/CensorshipReligious persecution – scapegoats
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Stalin: Fear and PersecutionUsed secret police/informersTanks to stop riotsMonitored phone calls, read
mailGreat Purge: 1934- Stalin
eliminates ANYONE (especially fellow revolutionaries) who might pose a threat (8-13 million people)
Religion gets replaced with communism (League of the Militant Godless)Destroy churches and
synagogues
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Propaganda and Indoctrination
Stalin controlled all sources of informationnewspapers and entertainment companies
Individuality was badSchools were required to
teach the virtues of the CommunistsTo question would result
in firing/imprisonment
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Command EconomyIn 1928, Stalin took control of
the USSR’s economyThe government made all
economic decisionsHe will focus on industrial
and agricultural revolutionsStalin created a Five-Year Plan
Impossible quotas for steel, coal, oil, and electricity
Reduced consumer goodsLack of housing, food, and clothes
While people suffered, the country’s industrial output significantly increased
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Agricultural ReformAt the same time, the
USSR took over 25 million farms and combined them into collective farmsHundreds of
families worked to produce food for the state
Within 10 years, 90% of farmers lived on collectives
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Benefits of StalinWomen’s roles
The Bolsheviks declared women and men to be equal during the Revolution
By 1950, 75% of doctors were women
Education“If a person does not want
to become a collective farmer or just a cleaning woman, the only means you have to get something is through education.”
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AND NOW…Chapter 30 Vocab due tomorrowContinue working on “The Great War” ProjectWWI rations postersWWI propaganda postersWWI before and after map EuropeWWI military technology
Unit 7A Study Guide
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Warm-up #22.2 (30.2)4. What term describes
a government that controls every aspect of public and private life?
5. What was the name for Stalin’s economic reform proposals?
6. What areas were the focus of Stalin’s reforms?
4. Totalitarian5. Five-Year plans6. Industrial and
agricultural revolution
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Section 3Imperial China Collapses
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Nationalists Overthrow the Qing
The Kuomintang, or Nationalist Party, began in the early 1900s
Sun Yixian, a Kuomintang leader, overthrew the last Qing emperor in 1911Becomes the first president
NationalismDemocracyEconomic strength
Lacking the strength, Sun hands power to a general who abandons democracy
His death leads to a civil war
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WWI Adds to the TroubleThe civil war left provincial
warlords in chargeChina, having joined the Allies
before the war was over, was incensed over the awarding of German held lands in China to Japan in the Treaty of Versailles
An explosion of protests erupted on May fourth (May Fourth Movement)Nationalism and calls for a
strong, modern nationSome began to consider
communism as the answer
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Communist Party in China1921 – the group is foundedMao Zedong, one of the founders,
envisioned a rural revolutionSun’s death led to Jiang Jieshi
taking control of the NationalistsChina’s weakening government
led to more support for the Communists, especially the peasants
Jiang will eventually turn on the Communists, nearly wiping them out (Shanghai Massacre) 4/12/1927
The West will recognize Jiang as rightful leader, Russia will not
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Civil WarThe 1927 attack on Communists
resulted in a civil warFought from the countryside
using guerilla tactics1933 – Jiang and 700,000 men
force the Communists on the Long March (6000 mile journey to northern China over the course of a year)Lost 90% of their people
In 1937, Japan invaded and the two sides joined together, although never fully trusting the other
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And Now…Continue working on WWI projectsDue Friday
Make sure your notebook is ready to turn in on ThursdayStudy GuideNotesVocabulary (Ch. 29-30)
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Warm-up #22.3 (30.3)7. Which group did most
Chinese peasants side with in the 1920s?
8. What did Sun Yixian accomplish?
9. The ___ were led on the “Long March” by the ______.
10. Who was awarded the German spheres of influence in China following WWI?
7. Communists8. Overthrew the
last Chinese emperor
9. Communists; nationalists
10. Japan
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Section 4Nationalism in India
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Indian Nationalism1885/1906 the
Hindu/Muslim independence groups were created
Promised self-government if they joined the British in WWI, millions of Indians will become angry when it is never givenProtests and riots begin
to break outBritain responds with the
Rowlatt Acts in 1919Jail < 2 years without trial
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Amritsar Massacre10,000 Indians peacefully
protest the Rowlatt ActsBelieving that they were
knowingly violating the law, a British commander orders troops to fire on the trapped protesters400 dead in 10 minutes
Anger erupted in India, changing Indians from loyal subjects to nationalists
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Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi
Leader of the Indian independence movementBased on religion
Used civil disobedience (knowingly breaking the law)Non-violentBoycotts on British goodsStrikes and protests
Salt March – 1930: British tax and limit salt. Gandhi leads a 240 mile march to the sea to make their own salt60,000 non-violent people
beaten and arrested got attention worldwide
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Gandhi WinsAs a result of
continuous campaigns of civil disobedience, Britain passed the Government of India Act in 1935Local self-government and limited elections
Fueled growing tension between the Muslim/Hindu population
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AND NOW…Study for Vocabulary QuizTake Vocabulary QuizOrganize Notebook (due tomorrow)
NotesStudy GuideVocabulary (29-30)
Complete the study guideAnswers will be provided to anyone who comes to
review sessions with a study guide completeUSA TestPrep (Warring World)