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GIS FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
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WHAT DOES GIS STAND FOR?
Hardware and
Software
Data
Mapping StandardsGIS Savvy
Users
GIS
Geographic Information Systems often defined as a computerized database management system for
capture, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial data. - www.cml.upenn.edu/what_is_gis.htm
Sometimes referred to as method of digital mapping that links data to it’s physical location.
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HOW GIS WORKS
GIS breaks anything that has a geographic location into:
Vector Data: Points - GPS points, address points,
tree locations, etc. Lines – rivers, railroads, streets,
corridors, etc. Polygons – political boundaries, lakes,
building footprints, etc.
Image ource: www.esri.com 2013
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HOW GIS WORKS
Features are stored as layers and are layered on top of the first one to show spatial patterns and relationships
Image source: www.esri.com 2013
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GIS is in reality nothing more than a large database with a geographic component.
The power behind GIS is in the attributes attached to the features...allows for more complex analysis based on more than just geographic location.
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WHY USE GIS?
Layer the different datasets to do geographic analysis (analysis based on geographic location)
Map Where Things Are – parks, sidewalks, groceries, bus stops
Map Quantities - population
Map Densities – population density (how many people per square mile)
Find What’s Inside – How many people (groceries, parks, trails) inside a neighborhood (town, county, study area).
Find What’s Nearby – How many bus stops (green spaces, crimes) are located or were reported within a 10 minute walking distance of a neighborhood (school, store, university)
Map Change – urban sprawl, zoning changes
source: www.esri.com 2013
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WHY USE GIS FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT?
• To show relationships among several factors or issues within a community.
• To show you where to concentrate your efforts.
• To better understand the community you are working in by providing a picture of the area’s assets or weaknesses.
• Because it’s fast: GIS is the quickest and most efficient method of creating maps and graphics that provide a picture of not only the geographic, but of the social, demographic, environmental, political, and other aspects of an area as well.
• GIS maps make powerful presentation tools.
• GIS maps can help influence policy.
Source: KU Work Group for Community Health and Development. (2014). Chapter 3, Section 10: Conducting Concerns Surveys. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas. Retrieved January 2, 2014, from the Community Tool Box: http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-ne...
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WHO USES GIS?
• Government Agencies (from small municipalities to federal government)
• Health and Human Services Agencies
• Community Involvement Groups (i.e.., watch dog groups, activists, advocates)
• Environmental Agencies
• Researchers and Educators
• Policy Makers and Community Developers
• Corporations and Firms
Source: KU Work Group for Community Health and Development. (2014). Chapter 3, Section 10: Conducting Concerns Surveys. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas. Retrieved January 2, 2014, from the Community Tool Box: http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-ne...
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DATA
What makes data “spatial”?
Must have a geographic component Address Lat/Long coordinates Tied to a location such as a state, city, region, service area, census block.
When should you create and share maps of your data?
Only if it enhances the data and makes it easier for users to understand and comprehend!! A picture is worth a thousand words!
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YOUR DATA
• GPS
• Georeferencing - a historic map or image
• Geocoding addresses
• Heads-up-digitizing
• Analysis tools with GIS software
• Mobile mapping – cellphones, tablets
• Upload from a database (Excel, Access, etc.)
• Stream from Twitter or other social media
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ONLINE DATA AND MAPPING:
• Local County GIS offices
• IndianaMap (or other state clearinghouse)
• Census.gov (google “American Factfinder”)
• Indiana Spatial Data Portal
• SAVI (IUPUI Polis Center)
• Census.gov
• The National Map
• National Historic GIS – historic census data in a GIS format.
• HUD.gov
• NOAA
• Community Commons
• Center for Disease Control (CDC)
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GIS SOFTWARE AND ONLINE MAPPING APPS
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ESRI ARCGIS DESKTOP
Free Version:ArcGIS Explorer Desktop:http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/explorer-desktop
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LOCAL COUNTY GIS WEBSITES
http://beacon.schneidercorp.com/Default.aspx
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INDIANAMAP
http://www.indianamap.org/
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STATS INDIANA
http://www.stats.indiana.edu/maptools/interactive.asp
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COMMUNITY COMMONS
http://www.communitycommons.org/maps-data/
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GOOGLE MAPSCreate and share maps in a matter of minutes by uploading your own database with records tied to a location (address, lat/long).
http://maps.google.com
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ARCGIS ONLINE
ArcGIS.com - http://www.arcgis.com/home/gallery.html
Image source: www.esri.com 2013
Upload your own data, or create it in ArcGIS Online, user data created and shared by others, create map applications and share and/or embed on your own webpage.
Thousands of user created datasets to choose from.
Free and subscription versions available.
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QUESTIONS?
Contact:Angela GibsonGIS Specialist
Ball State University Libraries GIS Research and Map Collection