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Section 3
China Reunified
The Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties restored peace to China in between periods of chaos, civil war, and disorder.
Section 3
Sui Dynasty
− Grief dynasty known for unifying China under one emperor
China Reunified
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Section 3
• Tang Dynasty
− tried to create a stable economy by giving land to peasants
− restored civil service exams for government positions
− brought peace to northwestern China and extended its borders to include Tibet
China Reunified (cont.)
Section 3
• Song Dynasty
− ruled during a period of economic prosperity and cultural achievement
− moved the capital to Hangzhou
− returned to Confucianism ideals
− was eventually overthrown by Mongols
China Reunified (cont.)
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Section 3
• The Chinese economy grew in the period from the Sui dynasty to the Song dynasty as agriculture, manufacturing, and trade flourished.
• Technological advances led to development of steel and gunpowder, and the Silk Road was renewed as a major trade route.
China Reunified (cont.)
Sui Dynasty is also know as the ___________
dynasty.
What is the civil service? Why Exams?
Who was overthrown by Mongols?
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Section 3
• The Mongols were a pastoral people from present-day Mongolia.
• In 1206 Genghis Khan was elected the ruler of the Mongols. He conquered surrounding areas, creating the largest land empire in history.
China Reunified (cont.)
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Section 3
• Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, conquered the Song rulers and established the Yuan dynasty in China.
• Kublai Khan established his capital at Khanbalik, in what is now Beijing.
• The Mongols were successful rulers and won the support of many Chinese people.
China Reunified (cont.)
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Section 3
• Painting was an important art form during imperial China. Influenced by Daoism, landscape painting reached its height.
• The golden age of Chinese literature occurred during the Tang and Ming dynasties. The invention of the printing press helped to make literature more available.
China Reunified (cont.)
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3
• Who was Kublai Khan?
• What was the golden age of literature?
• What is the picture on the right? Why is it
significant?
Section 3
Emergence of Japan
Early Japan was unified by emperors and then military leaders.
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Section 3
• Prince Shōtoku Taishi tried to unify the clans of Japan. He emulated the Chinese system of government and established centralized power.
• After Shōtoku Taishi’s death, power fell into the hands of the Fujiwara clan.
• A new capital was established at Nara and the emperor began to call himself the “Son of Heaven.”
Emergence of Japan (cont.)
Section 3
• The aristocrats were able to retain their power and the national government lost influence.
• In 794 the capital was moved again to Heian-kyo, present-day Kyōto.
• The government had little centralized power, so the aristocratic families sought the protection of samurai.
Emergence of Japan (cont.)
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Section 3
• The samurai lived by a warrior code known as Bushido, “the way of the warrior.”
• Aristocratic Japanese families were constantly warring with each other until Minamoto Yoritomo defeated several rivals and set up a centralized government under the control of a shogun.
• The shogunate system worked well until the invasion of the Mongols.
Emergence of Japan (cont.)
• The Japanese under Taishi tried to adopt a
system similar to the _________?
• Japanese warriors followed the __________
code?
• Warring stopped after the unification under the
__________?
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Section 3
• The power of the local aristocrats—the daimyo— increased, and central authority disappeared.
• Farming provided the basis of the economy in early Japan.
• During the Kamakura period, trade and manufacturing developed as Japan began exporting raw materials, paintings, and swords.
Emergence of Japan (cont.)
Section 3
• Japanese religion was centered on the worship of spirits and became known as Shinto. Other Japanese people practiced Buddhism.
• In Japanese art and architecture, landscapes were the most important means of expressions.
Emergence of Japan (cont.)
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Section 3
India After the Guptas
Muslim conquerors took control of most of the Indian subcontinent.
Section 3
• After the Gupta Empire collapsed, no central authority replaced it, and India was divided into a great number of warring states.
India After the Guptas (cont.)
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Chat No fixed Questions
Section 3
• In the tenth century, rebellious Turkish slaves founded the Islamic state of Ghazna.
• In 997 Mahmūd of Ghazna began attacking Hindu kingdoms to the southeast.
India After the Guptas (cont.)
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Section 3
• Mahmūd’s forces defeated the Rajputs and extended Muslim power to India, creating a a sultanate of Delhi.
• Muslim rulers in India maintained strict separation of Muslims and Hindus.
India After the Guptas (cont.)
Section 3
• Muslim rulers soon realized that there were too many Hindus to convert them all to Islam.
• They accepted the need to tolerate religious differences, although they still imposed Islamic customs on the Hindu society.
India After the Guptas (cont.)
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Section 3
• As the sultanate of Delhi declined, India was invaded by Timur Lenk, a ruthless Mongol ruler. He massacred as many as 100,000 Hindu prisoners at the gates of the city.
India After the Guptas (cont.)
Section 3
• Timur Lenk’s death in 1405 rid India and Asia of a tyrannical ruler, but peace did not last long. The Moguls and Portuguese sought to gain influence in the region.
India After the Guptas (cont.)
