Download - GLOBAL AND LOCAL public health
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LECTURE
DATE LECTURER2/7/2013 Aaron Pascal Mauck, MA, PhD
GLOBAL AND LOCAL public health
....HISTORY OF SCIENCE 148
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STRUCTURE OF LECTURE
I. Race and Space Continued
II. Histories of Public Health
III. Empire as Sanitary Laboratory
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II. Racializing Social Distance
Careful organization and policing of spaces where colonizers and
colonized interact
Special danger in physical contact
Between the bodies of colonizers and colonized (threat of pollution)
Characteristic of racialized hierarchies in noncolonial settings
(Jim Crow South)
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III. Medicalizing Social Distance
Medicine allows a specific metonymic relationship to develop between racialized bodies based on their bodily substances
Pollution takes the specific form of dangerous bodily substances with a premium placed on their control
Laboratories and hospitals become spaces for handling dangerous substances in ways that control and reduce this danger
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II. Histories of Public Health
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Nineteenth Century Theories of Disease
Contagion, Miasma, Zymosis, Predisposition
Despite differences in theories of etiology, allShare a similar view of the diseased body
-No disease specificity-Health constitutes an unstable equilibrium-Intimate relationship between mind, body, and environment (6 non-naturals)
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Entails a shift in focus from Diseased Bodies to DiseasedPopulations
Edwin Chadwick: Involved in reform of poor laws in England during 1830s. Differentiates working and non-working poor
Sees poverty as environmentally connected to disease with non-working poor as the central agents and victims of disease
Urbanization and industrialization produce pathological environments. Eliminating such environments becomes central public health taskEdwin Chadwick, 1800-1890
Translating Disease Theory into
Public Health
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MAP OF CHOLERAENGLAND, 1849
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TIME MAP OF CHOLERA EPIDEMIC, 1848-9
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BRITISH CARTOON, 1848
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JOHN SNOW:SPOT MAPBROAD ST. PUMP
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JOHN SNOW:WATER-BORN HYPOTHESIS, 1854
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ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS, MODEL VILLAGE, C. WWI
MICROSCOPIC COMPONENTS OF CHOLERA WARD AIR 1854
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CHOLERA AND THE FORMATION OF THE NEW YORK BOARD OF HEALTH, 1866
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“Germ Theory”~1870 – Present
-Aligns aspects of Contagionist, Miasmatic, and Predispositionist Frameworks
-Simplifies causal explanations, but must align with dominant cultural beliefs about the origins and control of disease
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Sanitation and MunicipalImprovements (Miasma)
Nutrition & Improvements in Social Conditions (Predisposition)
Quarantine & Isolation (contagionist)
Germ Theory
Environment that sanitary engineering could manipulate was expanded to include bodies of the afflicted
Greater alignment between medicine and public health
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AMERICAN SANITARY ENGINEERING TEXT, 1880s
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ROBERT KOCH WITH GERMAN CHOLERA EXPEDITION, ALEXANDRIA, 1884
III. Empire as Sanitary Laboratory
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PORTABLE CHOLERA LABORATORY, 1893
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MODEL VILLAGES, ROYAL MEDICAL CORPS, 1914
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PLAGUE ENFORCEMENT, HONG KONG, 1894
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PLAGUE ENFORCEMENT, HONG KONG, 1894
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YELLOW FEVER ZONE, SANTIAGO DE CUBA, 1908
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FROM PERIPHERY TO METROPOLISHERMAN BIGGS AND WILLIAM GORGAS, 1915
"Public health is purchasable. Within natural limitations, a community can determine its own death rate”
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SUMMARY
Techniques and practices of modern public health did not merely develop in Europe and North America to be exported to the rest of the world
Many elements of modern public health infrastructure--e.g., permanent boards of health, coordinated sanitary control over water supply, waste removal--were developed in response to concerns over globalized disease patterns such as cholera
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, colonial territories served as laboratories--of both microbiological and social varieties--for sanitary research and practice.
Practical and administrative techniques of metropolitan public health were developed at imperial peripheries
I