Download - Global positioning system(GPS)
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Presented by SHIFA SIDDIQA
Sahaja institute of technology and science.
GLOBAL POSITIONIG SYSTEM(GPS)
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CONTENTS1. what is GPS?
2. History of GPS
3. GPS architecture
4. Working of GPS
5. TRILATERATION
6. Working of GPS receiver
7. GPS services
8. GPS applications
9. Tracking things using GPS
10. Sources of GPS signal errors
11. Augmentation
12. Future of GPS
13. conclusion
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What is GPS? The global positioning system is a satellite-based
navigation system that consists of 24-orbiting satellites , each of which makes two circuits around the earth at every 24 hours.
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HISTORY OF GPS
GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation system.
GPS was developed and introduced by U.S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE and made freely accessible to everyone.
ALSO known as NAVSTAR GPS(Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System)
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GPS ARCHITECHURE
GPS architecture is comprised of three segments:
Space segment
Control segment
User segment
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SPACE SEGMENT
The space segment consists of a nominal constellation of 24 operating satellites that transmits one -way signals that gives the current GPS satellite position and time.
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CONTROL SEGMENT
The control segment is composed of a master control station ,a network of monitor stations which upload the clock and orbit errors ,as well as the navigation data message to the GPS satellites .
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USER SEGMENT User segment consists of the GPS receiver
equipments , which receives the signals from GPS satellites and uses the three dimensional position and time
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WORKING OF GPS GPS satellites are orbiting above the earth
at an altitude of 11,000 miles.
The orbits and position of satellites are known in advance
These satellites transmit 3-bits of information to the GPS receiver which includes:
Satellite number
Satellite position in space
Time at which the information is sent
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Mostly four nearest GPS satellites send information to the GPS receiver.GPS satellites uses the method of TRILATERATION to find out the receivers position.
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TRILATERATION
Data from a single satellite narrows position down to a large area of the earth‘s surface.
Adding data from second satellite narrows position down to the region where two spheres overlap.
Adding data from third satellite provides relatively accurate position.
Data from fourth satellite enhances precision and also the ability to determine accurate elevation.
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TRILATERATION
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WORKING OF GPS RECEIVER A GPS receiver is composed of : An antenna Receiver processor A highly stable clock A display for showing location and speed
information . The GPS receiver determine the distance between it
and GPS satellite by making use of mathematical formula:
Distance =Speed*Time Time =The amount of time taken by the GPS
signals(radio signals) to travel from satellite to receiver.
Speed =The speed at which the signals travel from satellite to receiver.
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Task performed by GPS receiver:
Selecting one or more satellites
Acquiring GPS signals
Measuring and tracking
Recovering navigation data
Hence receiver’s position is found out using TRILATERATION.
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GPS SERVICES GPS provides two types of service :
Civilian service
Military service
The civilian service is freely available to all users on a continuous worldwide basis.
The military service is available to U.S and allied armed forces as well as approved government agencies.
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GPS APPLICATIONS
GPS comes with vast range of applications:
Safety cameras
scientists
Traffic jams
Entertainment
Outdoors
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A BMW NAVIGATION GPS
drivers
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TRACKING THINGS USING GPS:
GPS tracking takes the normal functions of a GPS device a step further , by capturing and storing position data in internal memory for later retrieval .
Or by transmitting location data in real time via same cellular data networks used by mobile phones.
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VEHICLE TRACKING A vehicle can be Tracked if it has a GPS
device in it .
The location information is sent by the GPS device via cell tower to mobile phone.
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SOURCES OF GPS SIGNAL ERRORS
Error in receivers clock
GPS jammer
Multi-path error
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AUGMENTATION A variety of GPS augmentation systems
and techniques are available to enhance system performance to meet specific user requirements
These techniques improve:
Signal availability
Accuracy
Integrity
Allowing even better performance than is possible using basic civilian service
Ex : NDGPS
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FUTURE OF GPS
The U.S is committed to an extensive modernization program, including the implementation of a second civil signal and support some safety-of-life applications.
The third signal will further enhance civilian capability and is primarily designed for safety-of-life applications.
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CONCLUSION
The outstanding performance of GPS over many years has earned the confidence of millions of users worldwide.
It has proven its dependability in the past and promises to be beneficial to users throughout the world far into future.
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THANK YOU