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GNSS/GALILEO Technology Helpful for Precision Farming
(i.e. GNSS as an Earth’s Remote Sensing Tool)
F. Vespe, L. Dini
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana-Centro di Geodesia Spaziale- 75100 Matera, 75100, Italy
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Content
• Brief Description of GNSS Systems
• Potentials App. of GNSS with Zenith Pointing
Antennas (Ground and Spaceborne)
• ………with Limb Pointing Antennas (GNSS -RO)
• ……...with Nadir Pointing Antennas (GNSS-R)
• Focus on Precision Farming applications
• Conclusions
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Potentials App. of GNSS with Zenith Pointing Antennas (Ground and
Spaceborne)
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The Global Navigation Satellite Systems: The Principles
Accuracy few meters
The enterprise seems hopeless !
But…..
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Space Missions:
GPS GALILEO
Beidou
GLONASS
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The Differential Approach
The uncertainties are reduced at few
mm level !!
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Survey modes
•2-3 mm horizontal in PP
•4-7 mm height in PP
•1 cm <30’ of data
•5 cm in RTK
•Continuous acquisition 24/24
365/yr
•Very long baselines
>1000 Km
Performances of
GPS Survey
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1991 Matera GPS Station became part of IGS network
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1996 ASI joined EUREF service as Local Analysis Center
2 3 4 5 6
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
.antrwlpgrscsltecttot VVVVVVV
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Seismicity
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Landslides
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Extension of the experiment to
Craco (Mt)
A site Included in
WMF list
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Livello del Mare/Erosione delle Coste
Boe Marine GPS
Moto Ondoso, Maree,
Allarme Tsunami, ecc.
Co-locazione con Mareografi
Uso modalità Bi-statica Linee di costa
Batimetria
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From GPS observable to NWP assimilation
GPS
observable
ZTD
assimilationMeteo
Forecasts
data reduction
iiitropoiionoclockii Nddd
Noise for Geodesy Signal for Meteorology
ZTD=ZHD+ZWD
Forecast rain with GPS -DMI
IWV
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Meteorology
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Siti ALSIA selezionatiLavello (LAV) q.s.m. 300 m
Brindisi di Montagna (BRM) q.s.m. 900 m
Marsico Vetere (BG1) q.s.m. 1000 m
Aliano (ALI) q.s.m. 600 m
Nemoli (NEM) q.s.m. 700 m
Viggianello (VIG) q.s.m. 550 m
S. Giorgio Lucano (SGL) q.s.m. 400 m
Metaponto (PAN) q.s.m. 30 m
Stigliano (STI) q.s.m. 1000 m
Acerenza (ACE) q.s.m. 300 m
Ulteriori siti disponibili
Matera (CGS) q.s.m. 500 m
Tito (TIT) q.s.m. 600 m
Siti completamene da installare
Toppo di Castelgrande
Il Progetto MAGIC II
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GPS
Rete di stazioni GPS e Pluviometri
* Pluviometri
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Potentials App. of GNSS with Limb Pointing Antennas
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- Limb Directed antenna
- Climate
- Meteorology
- Space Weather
Radio Occultation
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Potentials App. of GNSS with Upside down Pointing Antennas (Ground and
Spaceborne)
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Up-Down-Looking
Antenna Package
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GNSS Reflectometry:
========Land=====
• Ocean height
• Wind speed
• Wind direction
========Land=====
• Soil moisture
• Ice and snow thickness
• Biomass thickness
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Use interference pattern to
estimate hydrologic variables
Detrended multipath signal
Soil moisture phase shift
Snow depth frequency
Vegetation amplitude & MP1
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Soil Moisturevolumetric water content is linearly related to phase of interference pattern
P041 (CO)
SNR Acos( f sinE)
Need good example here
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Snow and Ice coverage
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USO DEL MULTIPATH GPS PER LA STIMA DEL VIGORE VEGETATIVO
STATE of ART for the estimate of the Vegetation Robustness NDVI
Optical Sensors:
Rover (GreenSeeker)
airplanes-Drones
Satellites(LANDSAT, MODIS, etc…)
Relevant for :
Vegetation Robustness maps
Precise Farming and forestry
Vegetation Robustness capacity for growth and survival of the plant
INNOVATION : use of GNSS measures of MP1
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COSA DICE IL MODELLO MATEMATICO di MP1mean(g)
Fase di crescita della vegetazione
Osservando le misure effettuate sulla stazione p422, effettivamente nella prima parte dell’anno
(fase di crescita della vegetazione) si ottiene un aumento di –MP1mean (riduzione di MP1mean)
•si riduce h
• si riduce AM
•si riduce MP1mean
Reflected
Fase di crescita
AM
USO DEL MULTIPATH GPS PER LA STIMA DEL VIGORE VEGETATIVO
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| |
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Fase di senescenza
Fase di senescenza della vegetazione
Osservando le misure effettuate sulla stazione p422, effettivamente nella seconda parte dell’anno
(fase di senescenza della vegetazione) si ottiene una diminuzione di –MP1mean (aumento di MP1mean)
Reflected
•aumenta h
• aumenta AM
•aumenta MP1mean
AM
MP1mean is related to the phenologic cycle of the vegetation
COSA DICE IL MODELLO MATEMATICO di MP1mean(g)
USO DEL MULTIPATH GPS PER LA STIMA DEL VIGORE VEGETATIVO
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Comparison between MP1mean e NDVI (LANDSAT)
USO DEL MULTIPATH GPS PER LA STIMA DEL VIGORE VEGETATIVO
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Conclusions• The cheap cost of GNSS receivers and their very high
performances (few mm in positioning and few hundredth ofmm in phase measurements) allows a wide field ofapplications of GNSS in Remote Sensing (Geophysics,Meteorology, Climate, Space Weather,etc)
• Some applications can be helpful and sound very promisingfor Precision Farming…
• ASI/CGS has developped till now only geodetic/meteoapplications but the plan is to cover also special applicationslike PF
• The broader band of GALILEO will enhance theperformances of RS GNSS !!
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