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Good governance, equitable adaptation & building coalitions
around climate change
Edith Fernandez-Baca, Cornelia Flora, Jan Flora and Maximillian Ashwill
Perth 27-30 September 2010
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Political
Capital
Cultural
Capital
Natural
Capital
Human
Capital
Financial
Capital
Social
Capital
Built
Capital
Economic Security
Social Inclusion
Healthy Ecosystem
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Climate change Increased mean temp.
Melting and lack renovation of glaciers
Increase in survival of bacteria and pests
Increased extreme weather events
(drought, flood, freezes, hail)
Other changes Globalization
Earthquake
Changes in land use
Changes in distribution of wealth and
income
Changes in political regime
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External driver: Climate change • Increase in extreme weather events, with resultant
increased evapotranspiration, droughts, floods, land
slides, freezes and lack of glacier renovation.
• Many communities seek to mitigate climate change
through collective action.
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Why form alliances? Bridging Social Capital
+
-
Bonding
Social
Capital - +
Clientelism
Responses to climate
change are managed
by outsiders through
one local cacique
Progressive Participation
The community itself analyzes
the impacts and risks of climate
change and determines how to
respond to them.
Extreme Individualism,
The rich use financial
capital to adapt to climate
change; the poor have few
options
Strong Barriers
Community members believe
they can do nothing. Groups
within the community do not
trust each other or cooperate
with other community groups
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Role of Action Alliances with Vulnerable Groups
• To collectively think about adaptation based on their own capitals (natural, cultural, human, social, political, financial, built)
• Locate allies who share their values of equity, sustainability and economic security.
• Negotiate ways of combining local capitals with external capitals.
• Changing from either begging or demands to negotiation.
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Stages
• The community determines their desired future understanding the context of the risks from changing climate and markets
• Determine their priorities to reach the desired future.
• Find possible allies at different levels: community, departmental, regional, national, international
• Visit and interview market, state and civil society actors to see the possibilities of investing in the community to achieve common goals
• Negotiate terms of investment
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Spiraling Up: Advocacy Coalitions to Mitigate Climate Change
Sp
iralin
g u
p
Increase in human capital
Improved built capital
Better use of natural capital
Increase in financial capital
Augmentation of cultural capital
Increase in political capital
Increase in social capital
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Research site
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Selected communities
Yaricoa
Community
Balsapata
Community
Condoriri Sector Belinacuyo Sector
General Criteria
Watershed Ramis Ramis Ramis Ramis
Sub watershed Huancané Huancané Huayrapata Huarapata
Agroecological
site
Lake side Lake side Suni B Suni B
Ethnic group Aymara Aymara Aymara Aymara
Political-
Administrative
Prov. Huancané
Dist. Hné
Prov. Huancané
Dist. Hné
Prov. Moho
Dist. Huayrapata
Prov. Moho
Dist. Huayrapata
Population
(Approx.)
380 180 140 120
Specific Criteria
Productive
Cattle (beef) Cattle (beef) Milk production Milk production
Agricultural Fish Beef Beef
Pigs Agricultural Sheep Sheep
Climate risk Flooding Flooding Frost
Drought
Frost
Drought
Adaptation
strategies
Other sources of feed
Hydro biological resources
State aid for emergency
Other sources of feed aside from pasture
Sheds
State aid
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8
Action Plan
7
Feed back to
the
community
6
Systematize
information 5
Visit
institutions
4
Capacity
building to
local research
teams
3
Identify key
actors
2
Prioritize main
issue
1
Identify
desired future
vision
Action
Coalitions
Steps followed
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So far
Local research groups (LRG) have been formed and trained
Desired futures visions have been drawn
Priorities (infrastructure, pasture management and water resources)
Key actors identified
Interviews with some of these actors at local, municipal and regional level are underway
Some information has been returned to the community by the LRG
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Context
Drawing map of the present
and future vision
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Perceived changes
Strong rains but not when they usually would occur (affect crop growth). You can no longer predict when rain will fall
Rain one day, frost the next, extreme changes
Sudden weather changes bring increase in diseases in children
Frost when there shouldn’t be
Burning sun
Strong storms are washing away soil
Fear of weather because it has become agressive
Strong winds
Fireworks no longer useful
Before a hot day served to predict hail the next morning now changes are too sudden
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Discussing desired
future conditions
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Local research groups
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Challenges
• The project is a short term one.
• Continuity: It will be up to the local institutional
partners and LRG to take the research to action
at community level
• building some relevant institutional actors’
cultural capital (top-down approaches) to
ensure horizontal dialogue and negotiations