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Plan

• French research in the EEC

• French research organization

• Allegre Law

• Plan for Innovation

• Conclusion

• Pitfalls for US R&D contractors



http://www.curie.asso.fr/index.php

20

20

80

110

140

170

200

230

260

290

320

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Innovation & Research in the EEC

Number of patents granted by the United States Patent & TrademarkOffice (USPTO) per million inhabitants

, Structural Indicators database.

EU25EU25

JapanJapan

United StatesUnited StatesUnited StatesUnited States

EU15EU15EU15EU15



The objectives of Lisbon Strategy

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Objectives:

Teaching and Researching are the heart of the strategy defined at Lisbon Meeting in March 2000, for a transition toward a Knowledge-based Economy in 2010

•Creation of:- knowledge-based society- European research area- favourable environment for innovation in SMEs






France and R&D : a fact sheet

• France : 60 M inhabitants

• GDP per capita in purchasing power standards = 105 % of the EU average in 2002

• R&D expenditures : 1,4-2,2 % of GDP

• R&D funding : 2,25 % of GDP• 1 % from government and NGO• 1,25 % from companies

• 2 types of institutions directly involved in research operations• National research organizations (CNRS, INSERM, …)• Institutions of higher education (University, « Grandes Ecoles »)

• Defense research, nuclear, space & aeronautics, basic and technological research


BUSINESS EXPENDITURE ON R&D

BUSINESS EXPENDITURE ON R&D AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP

2,85

2,14

1,631,98

1,361,05 1,03

0,840,56 0,47

0,14 0,13

1,191,21,261,28

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

S FIN D F B DK UK EU NL IRL A I E P GR USA

Source: European Innovation Scoreboard (SEC (2001) 1414)

High (over 20% of EU mean)AverageLow (Below 20% of EU mean)





sont requis pour visionner cette image.Ministre délégué de la recherche

• Ministere de l’Education nationale, de l’enseignement superieur et de la recherche– youth– education– …

• Research• Technology and Innovation• New Technologies

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES:

-To create a legal environment

-To adopt new rules when necessary

-To assist the researchers

-To explain and explain again



sont requis pour visionner cette image.Organisation of the Research in France

• Public Research (fundamental)– Large public organisations:

• CNRS, INRA, INSERM, etc.– Universities and “Grandes Ecoles” (engineering &

commercial schools, etc.)

• Private Research (applied)

– Large companies:

• EADS, TotalFinaElf, Michelin, Thales, etc.

– SMEs less active



sont requis pour visionner cette image.Public researchers in France

• Civil servants during all their professional life– No risk of loss of employment

• Continuity in research themes…– …But lack of reactivity!

(few project funding)



sont requis pour visionner cette image.Public research & links to industry

• Large enterprises part of a Global Market:– Research needs are international…– … with short term financial objectives!

(Links not very popular among public researchers …)

• Long term research to be done by public organisations:– Weakly linked to needs– Insufficient transfer toward SMEs


University Victor Ségalen -Bordeaux2QuickTime™ et un

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• Located in the Aquitaine Region, in the South West of France.

• Scientific, cultural and professional public establishment

• Medical schools, Faculty of Biology, Human Science dispilines

• 3 geographical sites

• Number of students 16.000 (<10% foreigners)

• Research budget 18 M€• Number of employees

– 1300 reseachers & professors

– 600 technical & administrative staff

• 57 laboratories• Partnership

– CNRS– INSERM– INRA– University Hospital


sont requis pour visionner cette image.What is C.U.R.I.E?

• Association based on the 1901 Law, was launched in 1991

• On 2004, 1st September, the network counted more than 90 members, among them are:

– 70 universities and 15 French Engineering Schools

– 5 national research agencies

– 25 consulting firms, private companies and diverse structures of technology

• Goals– To organise exchanges allowing to share various experiences

– To increase the level of skills of the members through training sessions

– To boost the cooperations between public research and the private sector

the French « AUTM »




From a centralized control of innovation

to new public/private partnerships • 1936 Centre national de la recherche scientifique

• 1945 Commissariat general au Plan

• 1953 Association nationale de la recherche technique (ANRT)

• 1967 Agence nationale de valorisation de la recherche (Anvar)

• 1999 Innovation Act (Allegre Law)

• 2001 Adoption of an Intellectual Property Charter

• 2003 The plan in favour of innovation




Lille

Amiens

ReimsMetz

Heidelberg

StrasbourgNancy

RouenCaen

BrestParis

RennesAngers

Nantes

Poitiers

ToursOrléans

Dijon Besançon

Lyon

Clermont FerrandLimoges

BordeauxSt- Etienne

Grenoble

Toulouse MontpellierMonaco

Nice

Marseille

Perpignan

Bastia

Ajaccio

CORSE

• Budget 2002 573 M€ • Personnel 63%

- scientits 7500 - technical & adm. staff 3500

• Research units 360• Spin off 35• Patent portefolio 468• Clinical trials 110

INSERM

(National Institute for health & medical research)



sont requis pour visionner cette image.Association nationale de la recherche technique (ANRT)

A think tank supported by the French government

• Created in 1953– Large companies– National Research Organizations– Major French colleges of engineering– Representatives of the Ministries

• Operating procedures– Technological research fellowships (CIFRE)– Access to European research programs– National and international innovation benchmarking

• Discussion and exchange informal forum



sont requis pour visionner cette image.ANVAR

Agence Nationale de Valorisation de la Recherche

Support to innovation in SMEs

by advances, loans or guaranteed

in the most decisive phases of their cycle of life

(creation, innovation, development, business transfer)

Group OSEO is carried by a structure of head (holding) to the statute of national publicly-owned establishment, equipped with the legal entity and financial autonomy.





sont requis pour visionner cette image.Allègre’s Act:

Law for Innovation &Research






Allègre’s Act: (12/07/99)

Law for Innovation & Research

• Researchers mobility

• Fiscal & legal framework for innovative companies

• Cooperation between public research and private sector



sont requis pour visionner cette image.Allègre’s Act (cont’d)

1- Researchers mobility

• creating (Art. 25.1) • consulting (Art. 25.2) • managing (Art.25.3)




2-Fiscal incentives

• Research Tax Credit for companies “Crédit d’Impôt Recherche”

• Guarantee framework for investment in innovative companies by public research organisations – First round table as venture

• New Investment Funds for Innovation


sont requis pour visionner cette image.Allègre’s Act: (12/07/99)

3-Cooperation between public research and private sector

• SAICs (Service d’Activités Industriels & Commerciales)

• Incubators



3-Public Incubators another « exception française » ?another « exception française » ?

• Their common rationale is to exploit the potential results common rationale is to exploit the potential results emanating from public institutions pursuing scientific & emanating from public institutions pursuing scientific & technical research by means of founding new innovative technical research by means of founding new innovative businessesbusinesses

• Total numbers, as of 31/12/03 :– 31 incubators (5 in Paris) – 964 projects, leading to – 519 creations of companies



sont requis pour visionner cette image.Recommandations for an IP charte

• Protecting the results is of paramount importance

• Specific IP policy

• Ownership / co-ownership

• Cautions & recommendations in case of a partnership

• Organisation of IP services




• LEGAL ISSUES / RIGHT TO TITLE

– Art. L. 611-6 CPI : « The right to the industrial property title referred to…shall belong to the inventor or his successor in right »

– Art. L. 611-7 CPI : Employee’s inventions

* mission inventions

* not mission inventions, but…

* other cases

Recommandations for an IP charte




• LEGAL ISSUES / FINANCIAL MEASURES

• Art. L. 611-7 : private sector

• Art. L. 611-7.5 : public sector

* October 1996 Decrees : 25%

* February 2001 Decrees : 50% up to 65 000 € / year, and then 25%

Recommandations for an IP charte


sont requis pour visionner cette image.Plan for innovation

• Joint presentation of a draft by the ministers in charge of Industry and Research

• Financial incentive for increasing the number of filings of patent applications

• National campaign for sensitizing the researchers in the field of patents




1-Increased budget

•Yearly increase in R&D funding: € 1 B

–+ € 3 B over 3 years

• Project for New Agency in 2005: ANR

–Agence Nationale pour la Recherche

–First year budget of € 350 M for research projects

2-New priorities•New Foundations supporting R&D:

–Public funding –Expected: private funding

•Healthcare, aerospace (EADS Foundation), etc

3- National territory organisation

•New poles of competitiveness (pôles de compétitivité)

–Federations of research centres, universities, companies, etc.

–€ 750 M over coming 3 years

•“RENATER”: French research and teaching network

–Part of Trans-European research network

Project for fiscal year 2005Project for fiscal year 2005




sont requis pour visionner cette image.INSERM’s TLO statistics

• 95 inventions disclosed in 2004 to INSERM’S TLO approximately 50% file

• 92 patent applications filed in 2004

by INSERM and other co-owner

• 587 patents families

• 481 licenses and option

• 479 cooperative research

• 53 new companies since 1999

• 9 companies financed

by Inserm-Transfert

+ 60% patents since 1999

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Year 2005MTA 17CRADAs 78Income 4M€Spin-off 2Patent filling 17Licensing 16


sont requis pour visionner cette image.Conclusion

• A wishful policy

• The legal problem(s)

• The cultural issue


TAX INCENTIVES TO INNOVATION A B DK FIN F EL IRL I L NL P E S UK USA

Business R&D expenditure l l l l l l l l

R&D capital expenditure l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

Creation of innovation firms l

Contracting of researchers l l l l l l l l

Co-operation between firms and research institues

l l l l l l l

Technology transfer l l

Industrial design and process engineering

l l

E-commerce and new information andcommunication technologies

l l

Software l l

Patent applications l l

Implementation of Quality certificates l l

Share Ownership in new/innovative firms

l l l l l l l l l

Training l l l l

D

l

l


sont requis pour visionner cette image.Pitfalls for US R&D contractors

• Researcher level

• Laboratory level

• Institution level

• Regional level

• Political level

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