Sohrab Hosan

Roll:BB-232

Presented by-

Muhammad Ubaidul Haque

Roll:BB-109

"...as we all know, infrastructure is not just a matter of roads, schools and power grids. It is equally a question of strengthening democratic governance and the rule of law. Without accountability, not only of the government to its people but of the people to each other, there is no hope for a viable democratic State. ."Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon,Remarks to the Security Council on Timor-Leste19 February 2009

As the only global institution with comprehensive competency and universal membership, the UN is uniquely positioned to deal with these multiple and complex challenges of governance. On the operational level, the UN has a well-established institutional framework for deliberation, decision-making, and implementation.

The United Nations plays four essential roles as an intellectual actor. These are -๏ managing knowledge

๏ developing norms

๏ promulgating recommendations, and

๏institutionalizing ideas

The UN system promotes good governance through many avenues. The UN Development Programme (UNDP), for example, actively support national processes of democratic transition.

In the process, it focuses on

providing policy advice and technical support and strengthening the capacity of institutions and individuals.

It engages in advocacy and communications, supports public information campaigns, and promotes and brokers dialogue. It also facilitates “knowledge networking” and the sharing of good practices.

The United Nations Democracy Fund (UNDEF), established in 2005, supports projects that strengthen the voice of civil society, promote human rights, and encourage the participation of all groups in democratic processes. The bulk of its funds go to local civil society organizations, both in the transition and consolidation phases of democratization. In these ways, it complements the UN's work with governments to strengthen democratic governance worldwide.

The United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN) was created to set up an internet-based network to link regional and national public administration institutions. Its facilitates the exchange of information and experience, as well as training in the area of public sector policy and management. Its long-term goal is to build the capacity of these regional and national institutions, with the aim of improving public administration overall.

In our rapidly globalized world, the challenges to humankind are myriad and complex. The task for global governance is to focus on the interconnectedness and interdependence of all these challenges and threats. It needs to provide the international community with a roadmap leading to the ultimate goal of sustainable peace and development. And with the rise of emerging powers, the need for a new global architecture has become even more urgent and critical.

Through such measures as these, the promotion of good governance now runs like a thread through all UN system activities.

Governance

and IDC.

(World

Banks Part)

Presenteted byMd.Fazlul KarimRoll No. SM 94

A Brief Introduction About World Bank Motto

Working for a World Free of Poverty

Established :

July 1944

Type :

international organization

Legal status :

Treaty

Purpose :

Crediting

Location :Washington D.C., United States.

Membership :188 countries (IBRD)172 countries (IDA)

President :Jim Yong Kim

Main organ:Board of Directors

Parent organization:World Bank Group

Website:worldbank.org

The World Bank is a United nations Financial Institution

that provides loans to developing countries for

capital programs. The World Bank is a component of the World Bank group, and a

member of the United Nations development group.

The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty. According to its Articles of Agreement, all its decisions

must be guided by a commitment to the

promotion of foreign investment and international trade and to the facilitation of

capital investment.

ROLE OF wb in Bangladesh (1970)

The World Bank is the largest as well as the most influentiallender to the country. It is the coordinator of aid donors inBangladesh. Since Independence, it has lent $12.5 billion tothe country and played a critical role in shaping the country’sinstitutions and policies. For these reasons, the role of theWorld Bank is singularly important among the IDC inBangladesh.In the 1970s, during the initial phase of its operations, theWorld Bank concentrated largely on project lending forachieving food self-sufficiency, mobilizing domesticresources, improving social indicators, and enhancing projectimplementation. Even though over time the country attainedvarying degrees of success in all these areas, the pace ofprogress was slow in the 1970s.

1980

During the next phase of its operations in the late1980s, the World Bank focused on policy reforms tocreate an environment conducive to private sectordevelopment. These reforms were addressed atremoving the distortions in trade, pricing, creditallocation, and interest rates. Once again, the effortsyielded mixed success.

During the current decades

governance has become the principal emphasis of the World Bank assistance program in Bangladesh; other areas of

focus include human resource development, environmental management

and gender equity, integrated rural advancement and private-sector growth by

strengthening the financial sector and promoting private investment in energy,

infrastructure, manufacturing and services. While no formal assessment of this

assistance program is available to this date, it seems the results have been

mixed.

AID OF WB TO BANGLADESHAfter independence The World Bank has lent 98.6 billion US dollar that is 29 per sent of total foreign loan. in 2013-14 fiscal year it grants 9.8 million and 40 core US dollar. in running fiscal year it aimed to aid 970 core dollar. (Bangla telegraph 7 octobar,2014)

now WB is helping 650 core dollar in 31 developing project.(Jugantor,15 September 2014)

The WB has created an immoral system of modern day colonialism The WB serves wealthy countries and Wall StreetThe WB is imposing a fundamentally flawed development modelThe WB is a secretive institution with no accountabilityWB policies promote corporate welfareThe WB hurts workersThe WB 's policies hurt women the mostWB Policies hurt the environmentThe WB bails out rich bankers, creating a moral hazard and greater instability in the global economyWB bailouts deepen, rather then solve, economic crisis

Criticism about the World Bank

Rumana Afrose

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The IMF is an international organization of 185member countries .It was established in 1944,with a goalto promote international monetary cooperation,exchange stability and orderly exchange arrangementsto foster economic growth , and high levels ofemployment and to provide temporary financialassistance to countries to help ease balance ofpayments adjustments.

Facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade

To promote exchange rate stability To promote international monetary cooperation To make its resources available to its members

who are experiencing balance of payment difficulties.

To establish a multilateral system of payments and eliminate foreign exchange restrictions.

Shorten the duration and lessen the degree of disequilibrium in international balances of payment.

Focusing on its core macroeconomic and financial areas of responsibility.

Collection and allocation of reserves .Rendering advice to member countries on their international monetary affairs.

Promoting research in various areas of international economics and monetary economics.

Providing a forum for discussion and consultation among member countries .Being in the center of competence.

Providing technical assistance and training to help countries when they need for economic stability and growth.

Many observers comment on the fact that the IMF has a “one size fits all” mentality ,that whatever the situation the IMF prescribes basically the same set of policies .

IMF does not adequately monitor the impact of its decisions on the poor.

Some of U.S critics say ,IMF is an incredibly wasteful organization that takes valuable funds and pours it down the drain of developing economics whose leaders become fabulously rich off the money without any intention of ever helping out anyone.

The IMF has no effective authority over the domestic economic policies of its members.

Role of IDC and OIC

Sumaiya Mustofa Mollik

Roll-108

Organization of Islamic

Conference

(OIC) Establishment: 25 September, 1969

Place : Rabat , kingdom of Morocco

Inter-governmental organization

Combination of effort to safeguard

interest and ensure progress of

member and other Muslim countries.

Financed By Member countries.

Objectives of OIC

To promote Islamic solidarity among

member states.

To consolidate cooperation among

member countries.

To take necessary steps to support

international peace and security

founded on justice.

Get equality between member states.

Islamic Development Bank

(IDB) International Financial Institution.

Establishment:20 october,1975.

purpose:Foster The Economic

Develpoment And Social Progress Of

Member Countries And Muslim

Communities.

Based On Shari’ah Law.

Objectives Of IDB

promotion of Islamic industry and

institutions.

Poverty alleviation.

Promotion of cooperation among

member countries.

Role Of IDB And OIC In

Bangladesh After the recommendation of OIC,IDB

established in Bangladesh.

After The Establishment of IDB, Islamic Banking And Financial Institutions Grew Fast Throughout the world including Bangladesh.

After the Inception Of Islamic Banking In Bangladesh In 1983 there was a consistent Growth In Banking Sector.

47 Commercial Bank And 7 are full-fledged Islamic bank has been established.

The combined Share of Islamic Bank Accounts around 25% of the total banking market of Bangladesh.

Role of ADB in governance

Presented by-

Israt Jahan Nitu

Roll-04

Asian Development Bank:

Is a regional development bank established on 22 August 1966 to facilitate economic development of countries in Asia. , ADB provides financing for projects that will effectively contribute to the economic and social development of this countries

Loan Sectors:

They provide loan in different sector such as:

Multi sector

Public sector management

Transport and ICT

Agriculture and natural resources

Energy

Finance

Water supply and other municipal infrastructure and services

Education

Role of ADB in improving governance:

In resent , the honorable president Takehiko Nakaodeclared that improving governance in developing countries is one of the central aspects of their work in promoting inclusive development.

New projects of ADB in Bangladesh:

Bangladesh joined ADB in 1973 and hosted the organization’s first field office in 1982. As of the end of 2013, ADB had provided the country with $15.03 billion in 241 loans, and $236.19 million in 402 technical assistance loans.

The Sirajganj Power Plant in northern Bangladesh is part of a $405 million project to generate and distribute reliable electricity to Dhaka and the surrounding areas and supports the government’s power sector reforms.

The Alukdia Islamia Senior Madrasah, also in Sirajganj, benefitted from ADB support under an $85 million project to help improve the quality of teachers in Bangladesh.

And Tongi-Bhairob Bazer double line Project under the ADB-assisted Railway Sector Investment Program

POSITIVE ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL

DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITIES

Israt Jahan

Roll: 05

Working for a world free of Poverty

Providing Aid and assistance to the

disadvantaged areas

Economic development of member

countries

Educational development

Ensuring human rights

Ensuring good governance

Conflict resolution

Promoting sustainable development

Helping in international co-operation

To Create a Peaceful World