Download - Greek History
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Greek History
Complex and sophisticated motto: all things in moderation they did nothing in moderation
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Ancient Greece
importance to Western culture fundamental ideas and categories Individualism and Humanism the rise of Reason
– decline of superstition/religion
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Important Precursors
Minoan Crete Mycenaean Greece
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The eastern Mediterranean area
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Minoan Crete
ca. 2900 B.C. to 1450 B.C.– contemporary with Egypt
major, non-river valley culture highly sophisticated literate
– Linear A and Linear B
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Minoan Crete, con’t
surplus agriculture industry over-seas commercial trade
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Minoan Culture
elaborate towns and villages complex religious ideas sophisticated art sports and leisure high status for women
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an artist’s rendering of the main building of the Palace of Minos at Knossos
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Another idea of Knossos
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North entrance of the Palace of Knossos
Iraklion Museum, Crete
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Decorated storage jars Knossos
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Storage cellars palace of Knossos
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Palace of Knossos Room of the Double Axes
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Palace of Knossos: the Throne Room of Minos
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Palace, north entrance: the famous Bull fresco
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Great Propylaea at the south entrance of the palace
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A fresco with partridges from the Caravan seraglio of Knossos.
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From the Palace of Knossos: The famous "bull leaping" fresco from the East wing of the palace
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The Throne of King Minos
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The Queen’s rooms, with blue dolphins
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Rython
bull’s head
from Knossos
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Poppy Goddess
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Snake “goddess”
-goddess?
-priestess?
-worshipper?
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The Blue Ladies
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Minoan Priestess
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Religious procession
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Labrys
“double axe”
Labyrinth = “the House of the Double Axe”
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Temple entrance to a cave shrine
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Minoan Culture, con’t
unwalled cities no foreign invasions few weapons no civil conflict
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Mycenaeans
Bonze Age Greeks 2000-1100 B.C. small, warrior states war, trade, piracy literate (Linear B)
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Mycenaeans, con’t
the Heroic Age the Age of Myth the development of Greek Religion beginnings of a common culture
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Mycenae, ca.1450 B.C.
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The great megaron
at Mycenae
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The death mask of “King Agamemnon”
Mycenae
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The Dark Ages
the Dorian Invasion ? loss of literacy loss of political sophistication
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The Archaic Period
ca. 850 B.C. beginning of classical Greek history foundations of Western culture
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The Polis
the city-state city and dependent territory independence of each city warfare and rivalry
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Rise of Literacy
the alphabet Homer
– the Iliad, the Odyssey Hesiod
– Works and Days, the Theogony Lyric poetry
– Sappho
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Greek cities and colonies, 750-650 B.C.
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The Good Ones
monarchy (rule by one) aristocracy (rule by the best) constitutional government (rule by a
body of law)
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The Bad Ones
tyranny (extra-legal rule by one man) oligarchy (rule by a faction) democracy (rule by the people, without
law)
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Athens and Sparta
most available evidence both are exceptions to the norm both dominate the Greek world
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Sparta
no colonization, conquest of neighbors the constitution of Lycurgus a perpetual military state all citizens are subordinated to the state no private property
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Athens
evolution from monarchy to democracy aristocracy, with elected rulers Cylon and Draco Solon: reform and timocracy Peisistratus: a tyranny Cleisthenes: the rise of democracy
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Cylon
attempted tyranny faction struggle blood-feuds need for written law
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Draco
first to write and post the laws the homicide courts did not solve social problems threat of violent revolution redistribute the land, cancel all debts
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Enter Solon
chosen by all to avoid revolution new constitution beginnings of democracy opened political offices created protections for the people
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Solon of Athens
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Persian Empire
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The Persian Wars, 490-479 B.C. Ionian Revolt invasion of Greece Marathon Thermopylae, Salamis, Plataea the defining moment for Western
culture
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Themistocles
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Leonidas
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Hoplite phalanx: classical Greece
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The Rise of Athens
war of liberation and revenge against Persia
The Delian League transformation into the Athenian Empire
– burden of fighting: Athens– burden of cost: the Allies
the Periclean Age
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Pericles of Athens
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Greek Culture and Civilization
foundations of Western thought asked the important questions for the
first time gave the answers--that made sense--for
the first time
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Philosophy
some people were not satisfied by “religion”– but were not inclined to turn to non-civic
cults answers the “Big Questions” deals with areas not covered by religion
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Philosophy
love of wisdom search for causes search for why things happen application of reason and demonstration
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Socrates
the turning point movement toward ethics, metaphysics,
etc. away from natural sciences “What is necessary to live the virtuous
life?” Goodness innate in the human mind
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Socrates
“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
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Plato
taught in the dialogue form concerned with how one acquires
knowledge chief concern: ethics important for early Christian theology
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Plato
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Aristotle
primary concern: everything organization of human knowledge division of learn into fields and subfields important for medieval Christianity
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Aristotle
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The Peloponnesian War
Sparta and her Allies Athens and her Allies devastated Classical Greece devastated both Sparta and Athens
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Athens and Sparta: the Peloponnesian War
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The Rise of Macedonia
Philip of Macedon Alexander the Great
– the turning point of both Ancient and World history
– no Alexander, then it’s a very different world
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Alexander the Great
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Conquests of Alexander
the Persian Empire, plus a little extra rapid spread of Hellenism the Successor Kingdoms
– establishment of a permanent link – The West to China– never closed
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Empire of Alexander the Great
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Successor Kingdoms
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Books for you to read
Barry Strauss. The Trojan War Paul Cartledge. Thermopylae E. Bradford. Thermopylae: The Battle for the
West A.R. Burns. Persia and the Greeks D. Kagan. The Peloponnesian War N.G. L. Hammond. A History of Greece R. Sealy. The Greek Polis Leonard Cottrell. The Bull of Minos
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More Books
E. Gruen. The Hellenistic World E. Gruen. The Hellenistic World and the
Coming of Rome W.W. Tarn. The Hellenistic World W.W. Tarn. Alexander the Great Ulrich Wilken. Alexander the Great N.G.L. Hammond. Alexander of Macedon Mark Munn. The School of Hellas
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And More books
V. Ehrenberg. From Solon to Socrates Christian Meier. Athens J. Morris and B.B. Powell. The Greeks O. Murray. Early Greece J.K. Davies. Democracy and Classical
Greece W.F. Walbank. The Hellenistic World R. Osbourne. The Making of Greece A.H.M. Jones. Sparta