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Greek & Roman
Mythology
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The Beginning
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The Purpose of Myths
• Entertaining stories with a serious purpose• They were to explain the nature of the universe or
how people should behave in a particular culture or society
• Demonstrates our potential for greatness no matter how humble one’s circumstances are
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Types of Myths• Origin Myths-how the
universe, humans, and agriculture came to be
-creator-god(s) -universal roles-not all cultures are concerned
with the origin of gods; they emphasize creation of their specific people
• Heroic Myths-teach members of a culture their morals/values, their place in the universe (humanism) & nationalism
-adventure stories that humans can relate to
-show strength & weakness through choices and actions
-immortality is achieved by leaving a lasting impression
-common theme is desire vs. social responsibility
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What’s Homer Got to Do With It?
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Literary Analysis:The Archetypal Perspective
• A recognizable pattern in literature for plot design, character types, &/or images
• Although diverse, these patterns reflect universal themes across cultures
(based on Carl Jung & Joseph Campbell’s work)
• Common Themes: death-rebirth, heaven-hell, rebel-hero, good-evil…
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The Epic: Storytelling Structure Style
Content
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Hero: An Archetype
• Who do we consider heroes in today’s society?
• What makes a person a hero?
• Who is your hero?
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Hero: An Archetype
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The Hero’s Journey: “The Pattern of Human
Experience”
“An odyssey, or journey, is a process of self-discovery and self-integration, of maintaining balance and harmony in our lives. As with any process of growth and change, a journey can be confusing and painful, but it brings opportunities to develop confidence, perspective and understanding”-Reg Harris
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The Odyssey
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The Hero’s Journey: “The Pattern of Human
Experience”
I. Separation
II. Initiation & Transformation
III. Return
RITE OF PASSAGE
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The Hero’s Journey: 8 Steps Process
Return
Atonement
Revelation
Transformation
The Abyss
The Challenges
The Threshold
The Call
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I. Separation: The Call
• Invites us/the character into adventure
• Opportunity to face the unknown and gain something physically or spiritually
• We may be willing or unwilling to go forth
• Reclaim something that was taken from us
• Quest to find what is missing from our life
• Restore honor• Fight for the rights of
members in our society
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I. Separation: Crossing the Threshold
THRESHOLD
“Jumping off point” Guardians(Often our thoughts & behaviors)
Helpers/Mentor
Protect us from harm or help us to
succeed
Provide assistance, directionor a divine gift
Physical unknown ora psychological unknown
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II. Initiation: The Challenges
• Physical or psychological
• They force us to change and grow
• Increase in difficulty so one builds skill, maturity & confidence
• Have to differentiate from helpers & “tempters”
• Strike our greatest weaknesses: fear, doubt, lack of knowledge, poorer skills
• Acknowledge & face the weaknesses to change them from “demons” to become a strength
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The Challenges
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II. Initiation: Into the Abyss
Surrender to the adventure
Possibility of failurebecause we are human
Face our greatestfear alone
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II. Initiation: Transformation &
RevelationRevelation=Transformation-a sudden dramatic shift in
the way one thinks, and this brings about an emotional & psychological (and sometimes physical) change
• One must conquer the abyss in order to have a transformative experience
• One is different than how he first set out on the journey
• Death-birth: part of us must die so we can be reborn
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II. Initiation: The Atonement
Atonement• At one with ourselves
(A new sense of self: reborn)
• The imbalance which sent us on the journey has been corrected
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III. Return
• Return to everyday life• Discovery of our true gift• Begin contributing to our society
III. The Return
• Returns to everyday life• Discovery of our true gift• Begins contributing to society & shares new
message
• The message may be rejected• The new “self” might be corrupted & return to
who he was before the journey• Frustrated that those around him do not have
the same level of awareness
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Mapping the Journey
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Challenge of Temptation: Calypso & Circe
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Intellectual Challenges: Polyphemus
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Challenges of Choice: Scylla & Charybdis
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The Return
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Return: Fate vs. Free will
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Conclusion
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The Perspectives
C. LEVI-STRAUSSAnthropologist –how
People solved problems
PAUL RADINNeed to survive economically
& rulers instill fearFor their$ benefit
MERCEA ELIADEMyths are the
Essence of religion&Rel. experiences
JUNG& CAMPBELLAll myths are Universal; we
are all connected
FREUDExpression ofan individuals
fears & desires
Symbols of the
environment
Perspectives
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The Principal Gods-The Titans
Chaos
Gaea
Ourea
Pontus
Uranus
300 Hundred-Handed Giants
3 Cyclops
13 Titans
Epimetheus
Prometheus
Atlas
Rhea
Selene
Helios
Oceanus
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Origin Myth Activity
• ReadChinese
Genesis Bushmen
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Structure of Origin Myths
1. A narrated story containing a change of circumstances
2. No one has a recollection or source stating where & when the story began
3. The significance of the story impacts how we all should live today
4. Claims that it has taken place-it is factual5. Other people outside of the story’s origin have
opposing views6. There is no known author
http://www.stenudd.com/myth/mythlogics.htm