~GY .Principal energy level 4: (n = 4) (onsisti 4th sublevel called the ~ sublevel. This sublevel relates to 7f orbitals of egu~ I energy. --j?on +_d'd c.J these I!JT~' t; IJ
Hydrogen's First Four Principal Energy LevelsPrincipal Quantum Sublevels (Types of Number of Orbitals Total Number of Orbitals
Number (n) Orbitals) prese~ Related to Sublevel Related to Principal
~
~ re Energy Level (n2)1 s 1 1
~2 s 1 3
~P 3
3 s 1 9
P 3d 5
4 s 1 16P 3d 5f 7
Note that the number of orbitals related to each ,\'lJ.h1elll I is always an -""'O:.....::~==-..::j'c(F--- number.
At any given time, the e leckon in a hydrogen (;) n., can occupy only one, orbital. When the
fJY71U n d ~/owes~ 'tYlt~ Yhydrogen atom is in the ~ state, the RI-ectrvl'l occupies the I~ orbital. Depending on the
eh e(j y ava ila ble tfie e/ eel-,-/)i1 can move to the -z.S 0rblta I, to 0ne of the 3 7..P 0rbita Is,
or to any other orb,*I that is Va to n+Important Points:
• Bohr's atomic model explains hydrogen's atomic emission spectra from the fact that electrons drop fromhigher-energy to lower-energy orbitals. Bohr's model also assumes that electrons are particles.
• The quantum mechanical model assumes that electrons act like waves. This model assumes that electronsact like particles and waves.
• Electrons occupy 3D regions of space around a nucleus called atomic orbitals .
./ CAiLp-l--er 5"": ~trhtv\ TheON Cthd Ue kkm/17 fO/~.f-.f /Jofr 161e I 1/ C Vr HOMEWORK PRACTICE PROBLEMS f"~ I
1. What is the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 5.00 x 1012 Hz?1 c:=;" y ?PO)(/oF> J'r>/& ~ ;\ (S,()c> X 1017-- J..b,..),,-=- r; .oo« /0 -5 rn
2. What is the frequency of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 3.33 x 10-8 m?
C -::-A V s.(!)C) X /0 ~ /tJ1/S -= (~,~SX /o..-'IIyrl) y
V ~ 9,{)) X lOr)#:r;
1
3. What is the energy of one photon from electromagnetic radiation that has a frequency of 7.230 x 1014 Hz?
17A ''+-0 11 :: ~ V FJ~Ofofl -:: (h,6 26x IO-?4U'~)(7d2-?O )( /0 It-I ~ jE hcrioY\-= Y.7Q) X/O -lqJ
, 4. Which color in the section of RSible light on the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavflJt ?
II1
S. Which color in the section of visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum has the most energy? I-/-V,'O e
6. Which color in the section of visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum has the lowest frequ;..n~Yd
7. Which color in the section of visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest frequency?
Viole8. Calculate the wavelengths for the following electron orbit transitions:
rai'::,~~2Wn >< /0 7(~ -f.\i" - J J--:c J. tI167~X/O7(fr~~L- 1)).-1
~ ~ ,) ~ ~).,) ~ 230st-5t /vi-I 'A-- ~,.3i2)(10-7 frIb. nj = 4; nf = 2
_, ~),D967(/;(/fJ'7(L- .L \fVJ-1 1- -::76~0t/~2,~Pt-JA O. ZL ~~J A-;. ql 8~~X/tJ-7 h1+ -z: 2J.I "372-2',%. f{g9•• -/
c. n,= 6; nf = 2
-; ~ /. O"!67{X /o '7(:j:. - b~)t,,-/
\ -;: Lj-. /D-S X /p-7 J-t;
9. Calculate the wavelength and energy per quantum for the electron orbit transition for which nf = 3 and
,11. What is the maximum number of electrons an orbita can contain?
\12. What does n represent in the quantum mechanical model ofthe atom?
n -r== Oft Orb/fa/'s pr/nClpa/ ?ufAntttJn hkmh"fr
tUhl'L~ /"d/Cfife[ fA.p relttl-I've SI?:e Q cl r'<"y 11 Orb, I.
