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The Haeg Country Dinosau s Geopa k follo sa philosophy that makes it sp cial a dsometimes harder to be under tood, the foll wi ginformation comes to help you ecome o r p rtnerfor a sustainable future of the Haeg Co ntr .
H A E G C O U N T R Y D I N O S A U R S G E O P A R K
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file 1.
For Romania, theGeopark opens anew era in approachingnatural and culturalheritage conservation
in the context of localdevelopment.
For the fi rst timein our country,universities, centraland local authorities,antepreneurs,schools and NGOsare participating asparteners in creating
and implementing anintegrated strategyfor sustainabledevelopment.
General objectives of theGeopark
As a general frame and also as a
model for regional development
the Geopark has to plan and
develop activities able to involveall the groups and also to assure
a real sustainability and socio-
economic impact. The Geopark
development has three main
objectives or areas of future
development:
1. Development of the GeoPark
structure
2. Development of economic and
cultural activities
3. Education and training in formaland informal structures
The expected achievements and
impact can be regarded at the local
and regional levels.
Local levelThe Geopark creates a network
of natural and cultural signifi cant
localities, that are abundant in
the Hateg area, to be included in
organized tourist routes.The Geopark will become a place of
scientifi c and ecologic education
and training.
All these eff ects will be fi rstly felt
Copyright GeoMedia Center 2005
by the local communities that will
be encouraged to create facilities
infrastructure for hosting the visitors
and development of eco-tourism. The
project will contribute to the revival
of the folk traditions (costumes,
dances) and handicrafts, creationof new small enterprises for
processing agricultural products.
Regional level
The Geopark develops a
close cooperation in action
- between institutions and
persons, either from public and
private sectors, governmental and
nongovernmental organization.The Geopark develops a close
involvement of the universities
with their staff specialized in
providing distance learning and
students who play an essential
role in planning and developing
the complex activities of the
projects. The Geopark applies the
principle of social cohesion. It will
become a pilot project of regionaldevelopment in Romania that
can be exported to other regions
of the country
Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geopark
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rnational context ofGeopark`s creation
International Declaration of the
s of the Memories of the Earth
e, France) 1999
opean Association of the
logical Heritage Conservation
Geo) meetings
vern Group
an Group of ProGeo
GeoWG1)
ESCO`s Division of Earth Sciences
the Council of Europe
anian ProGeo Group
UNESCO launched the Geopark
ive
Four European geoparks created
ropean Geoparks Network
Hateg Country Declaration
First International Conference of
arks
Global UNESCO Network of
arks
Steps in Geopark creationIn order to support project development for local changes and
opportunities activities performed were focused on several issues
considered to be key points for successful development:
Field applications and research concerning the Hateg dinosaurs
Interdisciplinary studies and cooperation with local authorities led byUniversity of Bucharest
Establishment of a non-profi t organization Hateg Dinosaurs GeoparkAssociation (HDGA);
Creation of a Partnership lead by the University of Bucharest and comprisingUniversity of Petrosani, Hateg Dinosaurs Geopark Association, University ofArchitecture and Urbanism Ion Mincu, local councils, county council in orderto develop and implementation the Geopark Project ;
Political agreement of all local councils to support the project`s objectivesand to organize periodic meetings. Meetings and discussions with local
administration and stakeholders; Field work done by interdisciplinary teams (geologists, geographers,biologists, architects, sociologists, economists) to identify local needs, datacollection and analsis;
Creation of an Educational Centre in Berthelot Village. The Centre provide
training courses based on the identifi cated local needs.
Create a local educational network able to develop and sustain new teachingand learning strategies adapted to local needs and Geopark development;
Development of educational packages related to the Geopark heritage;
Development of training packages and training courses for local teachingstaff.
International visits and cooperation of project representatives andrepresentatives of local administration in Germany and France;
Design the Land-use Plan. This will establis a general framework for all futureinfrastructure building, houses, or economic constructions
Knowledge transfer: Reserve Geologique (France), Bad Sackingen City
Council (Germany);
Design the Open Air Dinosaurs Museum;
Organize the Annual Meeting of ProgGeo Association (WG1), 2003, Hateg
Declaration Organize a national event to promote the Geopark (see Annexes)
Ofi fi cial recognition of the Geopark as a nature park (HG 2151/11/2004)
Create the Administrative team for the Geopark - two employees
Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geoparkoverview
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file 2.Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geopark
general description
Localization
The area of the Haeg Country
Dinosaurs Geopark overlaps
the Haeg Country, situated in
the north-western part of theMiddle Carpathians.
In the north, the Haeg basin
opens to the depression of
Transilvania through the
corridor of tei, it is rock-
bounded at north-east and
east by the ureanu Mountains,
at south by the Retezat
Mountains, at south-west by
the arcu Mountains, at north-west by the Poiana Rusc
Mountains.
In the south-east, it
Copyright GeoMedia Center 2005
To best describe theHaeg, think of:- mountains with highpastures suitable for thesheep heards,
- forests of fi r, beechand oak that fall overthe hills, with patchesof orchards and - valleysthat host fi elds and smallvillages.
For the Geopark, thisrich landscape allowsthe set-up of tourismstructures and also the
diversifi cation of thepackages tourism.
communicates with the
Petroani basin through the
Merior pass, and in the west
with the Rusca Montan basin
through the Transylvanian Iron
Gate pass.
The geopark neighbours to
south the Retezat National
Park and to north-east
the Cioclovina Grditea
Muncelului Naturall Park.
The park has a surface
of 102.392 ha, including
the localities: Densu,
General Berthelot, Toteti,Rchitova, Sntmria Orlea,
Sarmizegetusa, Haeg, Baru
Mare, Slau de Sus, Pui and
Ru de Mori.
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Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geoparkgeneral descriptionLandscape
The relief of the depression
shapes an amphitheatre: the
central tread, the lowest (270
500m), of the piemontane plain,
with terraces and meadows;
the tread of the piemontanehills (500 650m) and the tread
of highlands (650 850m, is
absent in the northern part of
the depression). The maximal
altitude in the geoparks area is
the Lazrului Peak (2282m), in the
Retezat Mountains.
Hydrography
The Strei river springs from theureanu massif, below the Btrna
Peak (1794m), and catches the
affl uents: Rul Mare with Galbena
and Sibiel, Paro, Rul Alb,
Rul Brbat (on the left), Valea
Vraticului and Valea Mare (on the
right).
Climate
The annual average temperature:
6 8C; the average precipitationquantity: 700 800mm/year; in
winter the temperature inversions
are frequent.
The history of habitation
The oldest signs of habitation,
from the Prehistoric period,
were found in the caves from
Ohaba Ponor and Cioclovina;
artefacts from the Dacic period
are still kept at Blidaru, Costeti,Grditea Muncelului; from the
Roman period, signs of workshops
and pottery-kilns were found
in Silvaul de Jos. From the
Medieval period dates the fi rst
documentary attestation of the
Haeg Country, in the Diplome
of the The Knights of Saint
John (1247), with the name of
Terra Harszok. The continuity ofhabitation after this date is proved
by series of written documents
or edifi ces which constitute a real
touristic potential yet not totally
capitalized.
Human settlements
The settlements network is
formed by 79 localities, organized
in 10 communes, each with 5 11
villages, and one town, with a total
population of 38. 133 inhabitants.
Land Use
The general conditions provided
by the relief, clime and the quality
of soils have determined diff erent
land usages. Thus, in the valleys
are gathered the necessary
conditions for the cultivation of
cereals, tehnical and medicinal
plants, while, on the slopes fruit or
animal growing is practiced.
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file 3.Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geopark
biodiversity
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The different landscapefeatures coveringaltitudes from 300m toover 2.200m, the diferent
geological setting andthe multipe type of sunexposure, have endowedthe Haeg Country witha great biodiversity. Thisrichness is well conserveddue to the small anthropicimpact of the teritory.
VEGETATION
The Biodiversity of the Haeg
Country is close conected with
the vegetation belts found in the
region and the special habitats that
correspod to each of them.Descending from the mountains
towards the plain, there are fi ve
vegetation districts:
- alpine shrubsand grasslandsabove 1800m with Festuca supina,
Vaccinium myrtillus and other
species,
- spurce fi r forests between1300-1800m sometimes locally
mixed with Sorbus aucuparia, Fagus
sylvatica and Abies alba,
- beech forests, often mixed withsimilar species such as Tilia cordata,
Ulmus montana, Fraxinus excelsior,
and in mosaic with meadows and
fi elds
- sessile oak forests, steppe
The geopark aims toprotect, catalogueand monitor, the localbiodiversity, and alsoto integrate it in the
sustainable developmentstrategy to be applied inthe Geopark.
From the fi rst stages ofthe project, activitieshave been conducted in theregion in order to evaluatethe biodiversity.
Several scientifi c papershave been publishedand a special publication,on butterfl ies, has beenproduced and illustratedonly with information fromthe region.
grasslands and fi elds
- turkey oak and hungarian oakforestsfound on small areas ataltitudes lower than 500m, in most
cases already turned into fi elds and
grasslands
NATURA 2000
Following the European Directives,
the geopark team has allready
identifi ed an imortant number of
species and habitats that need
special protection.
Directive 79/409/EEC (Birds)Annex I:Ciconia ciconia, Ficedula parva,Glaucidium passerinum,Lanius collurio,Lanius minor;
Annex II: Corvus corone, Streptopeliadecaocto, Turdus merula, Turdus
philomelos;
Annex III/1:Phasianus colchicus
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Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geoparkbiodiversity
Protected areas in the Geopark
The vegetal species with scientifi c importance are protected in special areas mentioned in Law 5/2000 regarding the
approval of the National Territory Plan section III protected zones.
The Peteana Marsh botanical reserve, protected area of 4th category, with a surface of 2 ha, is situated on the territory ofPeteana village, Densu communa. The meadow represents an under-recent clog, through sphagnatization, of a pleistocenian
lake. Is one of the southest oligotrophic marshes from our country, in its fl ora the Drosera rotundifolia, a glacial relict, is remarkable.
The Poienii Peak from the Ohaba de sub Piatr, botanical protected area of 4th category with a surface of 0,8 ha, situated onthe territory of Ohaba de sub Piatr village, Slau de Sus communa. The rocks of the Poienii hill are hiding a xerofi tic vegetation,
with remarkable fl oristic elements. Is the only certain station for Plantago holosteum and the classical site for Astragallus
onobrycnis var. lineariforicus.
The Slivu Forest botanical reserve, protected area of 4th category, with a surface of 40 ha, situated on the territory of Haegtown. In the grassy layer of the forest Croccus banaticus, Melampyrum bihariense and Lembotropis nigricans species have been
identifi ed. Since 1958, in the zone an European bison reserve has been created.
The Narcissus Hay Fields from Nucoara botanical reserve, protected area of 4th category, with a surface of 20 ha, onthe range of Nucoara village, Slau de Sus communa. Represents an artefact of ancient hydrophilical associations with the
Peudedanum rochelianum endemism. Special landscape aspect due to the populations ofNarcissus stellaris.
The Hay Fields from Pui botanical reserve, protected area of 4th category, with a surface of 5 ha, on the range of Puicommuna. Represents artefacts of fl oristic associations that are specifi c to the glacial period.
In the vegetation of Haeg, at the limit with the Retezat Mountains, protected species can be present, monuments of
nature, such as: Lilium jankae, Draba dornei, Angellica archangelica, Cypripedium calceolus.
Directive 92/43/EEC (Habitats)Annex I - Natural habitat types ofcommunity interest that require
special conservation:3220 Alpine rivers and the herbaceousvegetation along their banks3230 Alpine rivers and their ligneousvegetation with Myricaria germanica
6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareousgrasslands6210 Semi-natural dry grasslandsand scrubland facies on calcareoussubstrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (*important orchid sites)6230 * Species-rich Nardus grasslands,on silicious substrates in mountainareas (and submountain areas inContinental Europe)6410 Molinia meadows on calcareous,peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils(Molinion caeruleae)
6430 Hydrophilous tall herb fringecommunities of plains and of themontane to alpine levels6510 Lowland hay meadows(Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorbaoffi cinalis)6520 Mountain hay meadows8210 Calcareous rocky slopes withchasmophytic vegetation8220 Siliceous rocky slopes withchasmophytic vegetation9110 Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests9170 Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam
forests91E0 * Alluvial forests with Alnus
glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior(Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)91M0 Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oaksessile oak forests91V0 Dacian Beech forests (Symphyto-Fagion)9410 Acidophilous Picea forests of themontane to alpine levels (Vaccinio-
Piceetea);Annex II - Animal and plant speciesof community interest that require
special conservation:
MAMMALS
CHIROPTERA: Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus blasii,Rhinolophus
euryale,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum,
Rhinolophus hipposideros,Rhinolophus
mehelyi; Vespertilionidae: Barbastella
barbastellus, Miniopterus schreibersi,Myotis blythii, Myotis capaccinii, Myotis
dasycneme, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis
myotis. - CARNIVORA: Canidae: *
Canis lupus; Ursidae: * Ursus arctos.
Mustelidae: * Mustela lutreola.
Felidae: Lynx lynx.
REPTILES
CHELONIA (TESTUDINES): Emydidae:
Emys orbicularis.
AMPHIBIANSCAUDATA: Salamandridae: Triturus
cristatus. ANURA: Discoglossidae:
Bombina bombina, Bombina variegata.
FISHES
PETROMYZONIFORMES:
Petromyzonidae: Eudontomyzon spp.
(o). CYPRINIFORMES:
Cyprinidae: Barbus meridionalis (V). SCORPAENIFORMES: Cottidae:
Cottus gobio (o).
INVERTEBRATES - ARTHROPODS
INSECTA:Coleoptera: Cerambyx
cerdo, Lucanus cervus (o).
Lepidoptera: * Callimorpha
(Euplagia, Panaxia) quadripunctaria
(o), Euphydryas (Eurodryas, Hypodryas)
aurinia (o), Leptidea morsei, Lycaena
dispar, Lycaena helle, Maculinea teleius.
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file 4.Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geopark
dinosaurs & fossils
Copyright GeoMedia Center 2005
The fabulous HaegCountry DwarfDinosaurs are the bestknown dinosaurs of
Europe. They are tellingthe world one of the mostfascinating episodes of theEarths History, the greatextinction of dinosaurs atthe end of Cretaceous, 68Million Years ago. But inthe case of Haeg Country,there is more to be toldabout rocks and fossils.
The history of the HaegCountry is spanningmore than 300 millionyears of history whenthe Earth surface was
completely different thantoday. The rocks and fossilsfound now were formed inplaces and environmentslike coral reefs, volcanicisland in the Tethys Seapopulated by dinosaurs andother reptiles, primitivemammals and birds, orcontinental areas coveredby Ice Age glaciers.
The geopark is guiding
the visitors in geo-trailsto discover the Retezattype granite, metamorphicrocks, bauxite quarries,reef limestone, areas ofvolcanic activity, fossil sites,karst and cave systems.
Dinosaurs
The Haeg area contains one of the
latest assemblages of dinosaurs
in the world. The fossil remains
are internationally unique and are
commonly known as the dwarfdinosaurs of Transylvania.
The list of dinosaur species from
Haeg includes: Magyarosaurus
dacus, a titanosaurid sauropod,
distantly related to the large
herbivorous dinosaurs from the
Late Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous
of the world, two ornithopods
(bird-like feets): Rhabdodon
priscus, an iguanodontid, andTelmatosaurus transsylvanicus
(a duck-billed dinosaur), an
ankylosaur or armored dinosaur-
Struthiosaurus transylvanicus. All
these species were herbivorous,
but the carnivorous dinosaurs
theropods, even poorly represented
were also recognized on the
basees of isolated teeth. They
include at least two groups of small
theropods: the dromaeosaurids
and troodontids.
Other reptile fossils are: turtles
Kallokibotion bajazidi, crocodilians
Allodaposuchus precedens, and
remains of the largest pterosaurs
or fl ying-reptiles in the world
Hatzegopterix tambema with a wing
span of 14m.
Within the proposed Geopark area
other sites of geological interest
have been identifi ed. These include
karst cave systems, areas of volcanic
activity and fossil sites. A wide
range of data has been collected
over numerous years and this will
need to be evaluated.
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Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geoparkdwarf dinosaurs
Though some of the geological
sites will not provide interest to
visitors and tourists they have an
important educational value.
Sites of interest
1. Snpetru fossiliferoussites
Located along Sibiel Valley,
south of Snpetru village, the site
comprises several outcrops of the
Snpetru Formation sediments.
These deposits provided the
largest quantity of dinosaur and
other reptile fossils (crocodiles and
turtles) from the Haeg Basin.
2. Tutea fossiliferous site
Most of the fossil vertebrates
are found either associated with
the paleosol levels or in highly
bioturbated fi ne sediments
accumulated under a thin sheet
of water, in swampy zones of the
fl oodplains. The site from Tutea is
known especially for the nests with
dinosaur eggs. The egg clutches
are included in a red massivemudstone that lack internal
bedding due to pedogenetic
modifi cations, marked by levels
of small carbonate concretions
(calcrete). The red mudstone
represents the sedimentation in a
well-drained fl oodplain, distal to
the river channel; periodically the
mud dried up, generating fossil
soils. The red mudstone bed has
also provided teeth and bones of
other dinosaur taxa: Rhabdodonpriscus and small theropods,
as well as crocodile, turtle and
microvertebrate remains.
3. Crnic geologic site
Along Sibiel valley, near Lolaia
waterfall, a spectacular exposure
of a Retezat granitoide type
occurs. The site is important from
the educational point of view inattempt to explain a few of the
characteristics about the complex
magmatic evolution for the whole
Retezat massif and Haeg area.
4. Ohaba paleontologic site
The site is located not far from
the village of Pui, west Ponor
village. The site is relevant for its
Upper Cretacous marine fauna in
contrast with continental faunafound in other sites and has
educational value. Its location and
the surrounding landscape off er
also a geo-touristic opportunity.
The deposits are mainly siliciclastic
represented by sandstone and
siltstone with a rich gastropod
fauna.
5. Vlioara paleontologic
siteThe site is located near Vlioara
Village. It is an outcrop of massive
red mudstones and paleosols
similar to the Tutea area. The site
is known for its macrovertebrate
remains as well as for the rich
content of microvertebrates:
including fi shes, amphibians,
lizards and micro-mammals. The
microvertebrates were added in the
last decade following the intensivesediment bulk processing by wet
screening
6. tei geologic site
Located near tei village the
outcrops are along Densu valley.
Here the lower member of DensuCiula volcanogenic-sedimentary
formation is well exposed. A
considerable mixing of terrigenous
epiclastic and volcanoclastic
materials provided by andesitic and
ryolitic eruptions that took place
in the westward volcanic centre.
The sediments represent alluvial
fan deposition near or along the
fl anks of volcanoes. Proximal facies
include the coarsest and mostpoorly sorted sediments; these
grade into mid-fan and distal-fan
facies consisting of somewhat fi ner
grained deposits, including cross-
bedded channel conglomerates,
debris fl ows and better sorted
sands and silts of sheet fl ood origin.
7. Silvau de Susfossiliferous site
An outcrop of Neogene
sedimentary rocks near Silvau
Village with conglomerates,
sandstones, volcanic ash and marls
has a rich bivalve fossil association.
8. Boia mine exploitation
A former copper mine that.
It is located near Boia village
(Rchitova). The site has historic
and educational signifi cance. Theexploitation was the largest in
the area and had a considerable
environmental impact: pollution,
and landscape deterioration.
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file 5.Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geopark
patrimony & traditions
Historical facts about the Haeg Country
The most important moments in the history of the Haeg Country are:
Some of the fi rst hominid remains in Romania (29.000 yrs ago),
Large number of prehistoric settlements shows permanent living in the re-
gion from Paleolithic to Bronze Age
Celtic presence in the region - the Helm of Haeg (300 B.C.), now in the col-
lections of the Natural History Museum of Vienna,
The bloody battle of Tapae between Romans and Dacians (101ac), followed
by the installation of roman military forces in the western part of the region
Sarmizegetusa Ulpia Traiana founded and named Capitol of the Roman
Province of Dacia (107A.C.),
Local ruler Litovoi perishes in the combats with the Hungarian armies and
his son is captured and then liberated after accepting the rule of Hungary
over his lands (beginning of the XIIIth century)
The fi rst mentioning of Haeg in the documents of the Hungarian Kingship
(1247A.C.),
The region becomes an important center for fur trade (XVIIIth-XIXth cen-
tury),
Front line and scarce battles in the First World War
Copyright GeoMedia Center 2005
The communitiesfrom the region arekeepers of importantlocal traditions enrichedwith elements of the
foreign cultures that haveinteracted with the regionthroughout its history.
The Haeg CountryDinosaurs Geoparkaims to promote thelocal values, to ensurethe restoration of themonuments, to identifyand document the localtraditions and to educateand inform the localcommunities on how topreserve the local identity.
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Undertaken activitiesThere is a range of activities covered by the geopark team, from those there
are several of higher importance:
Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geoparkculture & patrimony
MonumentsAmong the monuments of Haeg
Country covering a 2.000 year long
history, the most important are:
Sarmizegetusa Ulpia Traiana, the
capitol of the roman province Dacia Pesteana Church, built in the XIVth
century, partially conserving wall
paint from the XIVth century
Densus Church, controversed date of
construction, most historians date it
at the end of the XIIIth century,
Snpetru Church dated in the
XIVth-XVth with a collection of stones
from the antique roman ruins in the
facade. Sntamarie Orlea Parochial Church,
built at the end of the XIIIth century
having its interior with one of the
most beautiful fescues from South
Transylvania, dated 1311A.C.,
Subcetate Fortress, the most
important medieval fortress of the
Haeg Country,
Mlieti Fortress, one of the oldest
fortresses of the Haeg Country, atype of military construction rarely
preserved in Romania,
Col Fortress, a refuge fortress dating
in XIVth century, built in the northern
highlands of Retezat Mountains, also
considered subject of inspiration of
Jules Vernes novel The Castle of the
Carpathians
Cols Fortress Church, built in the
XIVth century, now belonging to the
Col monastery.
Ethnographic values
The ethnographic values are
represented by rural localities
with households safeguarding the
traditional architecture, crafts and
customs. Characteristic for the region
is the wide celebration of the local
Nedeia, a fest that each village has
once per year.
The most important ethnographic
elements found in the region
are: the costumes, the traditional
music and dancing, the local cuisine,
the vernacular architecture, the
shepherding traditions, local crafts
mostly wood carvings, homespun.
Activity objective Results
Study of vernacular
architecture in Clopotiva,
Sarmizegetusa, Pui, Hateg,
Densus and its relation
with local economy
Identifi cation of diff erent architectural styles,
questionnaires, databases for local architecture,
relations between local incomes fl uctuation and
houses construction
Clopotiva village after 70
years
The analysis, starting from the demographic,
ethnic and economic situation of the Clopotiva
village will compare the reality of now days
with those of the forth decade of the 20th
Century when detailed studies were made by
interdisciplinary teems led by professor Ion
Conea (within the large frame of the heritage
programme initiated by Dimitrie Gusti).
Identifi cation of
traditional houses
in Sarmizegetusa as
potential places for touristactivities
Study Plan and recommendation for a
fi nanced project that links tourism activity in
Sarmisegetusa antic ruins with village tour visit
and recreation points
Future plans
The team will focus on several
directions:
evaluation of the overall situation of
traditions in the rural communities,
preparation of a guidebook
of vernacular architecture and
traditional crafts,
establishment of a information-
keepers network among the elder
people of the Haeg Country.
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file 6.Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geopark
economy & social
Copyright GeoMedia Center 2005
The Geopark is themodel of good practicefor stimulating rurallivelihood improvement
through the integration ofenvironmental conservationwith sustainable economicdevelopment.
Aplan will be designedto foster socio-economic developmentthat is sustainable and
Overview
The population of the Haeg Country
is concentrated in the most fertile
areas of the region and it is has an
increasingly old people over 60.
The movement of the populationtowards the urban centers in the
region and out of the region has
slowed in recent years however; it
was mostly due to the decreasing
activity of the regional economy.
The overall offi cial unemploymentrate is in the region of 17 20%.Privatization of agricultural land
has resulted in a large number of
new farm businesses, but these
are largely subsistence in natureand contribute little to the local
economy.
special social programs fordisadvantaged groups. Theplan will be proposed bypublic authorities, localcommunities and private
interests acting together.
Objectives are tostimulate small localbusinesses, developmentof label for local HaegCountry products,development of culturaltourism and eco-tourism,set up association (guilds)of local craftsmenand integrate them in
international schemes ofequitable trade, establisha calendar of traditionalevents and festivals.
Additional to farming, food
processing, hydro electric generation,
wood processing and brewing are
undertaken in the area increase the
number of small business enterprises
up to 1000 most part of them in thethird sector. The most important
enterprises are Hidroconstrucia SA
- Rul Mare, Hidroelectrica, Hidroserv,
Haeg Brewery
Tourism activity is considered tobe low. Most tourists are either
day trippers from nearby towns
or people stopping as they pass
through. Most of the existing activity
is based in the buff er zone for the
Retezat National Park, the Romanremains at Sarmizegetusa and
Densus Church.
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Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geoparkeconomy & socialA brief evaluation of the generalinfrastructurereveals that the roadnetwork is above the Romanian
average and also the electric and
telephone system are covering most
part of the area including the remote
small villages. In terms of water
supply the present system it totallyinsuffi cient, more than 10% of the
houses are still using river water. The
issue constitutes the top priority for
local administrations.
Household waste including the
hazardous items such as paints,
cleaners, oils, batteries, and
pesticides are not collected or
mishandled, being dangerous
for health and environment and
a big problem for eco-tourism
development
Hateg Country is very known for
its intercultural pattern. The 2002
census reveled a mosaic of diff erent
ethnic groups such as Romanians,
Hungarians, Italians, Germans,
Roma and diff erent religious groups
(orthodox, protestants, Baptists,
Jehovah witnesses, penticostals etc).
THE GEOPARK AND LOCALDEVELOPMENT
The low rate of industrial pollution,
traditional farming and high
potential for eco-tourism and
especially geo-tourism and
cultural tourism are key ideas for a
sustainable development based on
the wise use of natural and cultural
resources.
The Geopark project is in fact a
strategy and a framework for local
initiatives and could be considered
also a Local Agenda 21. It aims
to off er general framework for
development in this region in an
attempt to revive the local traditions
and to identity a coherent direction
for economic development.
According to this, there are two mainaxis to be followed:
- To promote activities and projects
in order to help local initiatives, to
INVENTORY AD ANALYSISAn analyze recreation and other
tourist opportunities for the Geopark
area considering carrying capacities
and infrastructure, inventory and
analysis of the current rural and
assure the increase of local incomes,
to create structures able to attract
investments.
- To revive and strengthen the local
and cultural identity which is very
strong and in danger of being lost
through migration, poverty, externalinfl uences and imports.
social activities and of local needs
was initiated. Also were defi ned
sustainable sources of revenue (with
levels of public intervention for social
and environmental functions).
Opportunities for the development
of new small businesses andenterprises within the GeoPark
framework were identifi ed along
with local training requirements
and possible sources of funding
for business development to be
implemented.
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file 7.Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geopark
Education & public awareness
Education
Formal education structures
comprise about 4250 students,
890 teaching personnel
distributed in one high school
(Ovid Densusianu in Hateg) and67 general schools, most of them
located in remote villages. In Sacel
and Paclisa are special schools for
120 children with dessabilities.
The technical infrastructure is lowdevelopped, and except few
schools there are no internet
connections or computers used
for education purposses. The
level of cooperation among
schools and the involvement ineducational projects is below
average, only four international
cooperation projects being
implemented in the region.
Copyright GeoMedia Center 2005
Based on local needsanalysis the strategyobjective is to shaperesponsible citizensthat are aware of theirlocal patrimony and areable to fi nd creativesolutions for sustainabledevelopment.
Raising awarenessstrategy has focusedon keeping localcommunity informedabout the project and
establishing a networkfor dissemination.
One activity of top priority that
has preceded the creation of
the Geopark was the set up
ofThe Educational Strategy forSustainable Development in the
Geopark, in partnership with localschools, County Inspectorate,University of Bucharest, and local
administration.
The strategy targets are:
To create a local educational
network having the university as
focal points;
To develop training packages
and courses for local teaching
staff and students; To organize local, national and
international events for public
awareness for natural and cultural
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Haeg Country Dinosaurs Geoparkeducation & awarenessPublic awareness for the
Geopark meansObjectives:
to provide transparency and
precise information about the
Geopark for the local comunity;
to promote the Geopark at
national and international level.
Activities
Public conferences in 2002 and
2003
National Tv series of 16 episodes
dedicated to the Hateg land and
legends
Local and national exhibitions:
- Countries of Romania, The HaegCountry
- The Butterfl ies of the Haeg
Country
- Junior dinosaurs, children works
on the lost world of Haeg
heritage of the area and to
promote local initiatives;
To develop new directions of
research and education within the
university.
Education
The educational network wascreated in 2003 and comprise
20 schools, two universities and
the Berthelot Educational Centre.
The network represents a good
support to provide teaching
materials and training courses,
to develop and sustain new
teaching and learning strategies
adapted to local needs, and to
introduce and develop virtual
school experiment
Activities developed
Inventory of existing facilities in all
local schools and needs analysis
Workshops with Principals
and teachers in Biology and
Geography
Equipment purchase (100 PCs)
based on a donation from France
Implementation of a PHAREproject European acquis in the
fi eld of nature conservation in
partnership with schools from
Hateg area, Bucharest, Rucar
Implementation of MATRA KAP
project Teachers for Geopark
Organize Berthelot Centre as a
focal point for the local network
Innovative packages
According to previous need analysis a training package called The
School and local communityfor teaching staff was designed in
order to support the Geopark implementation, to create a stronger
connection among local administrations and schools, to set up a local
team for future projects, and to design new teaching materials. Five
training packages have been designed and implemented:
The Geopark concept, economic and social impact in the area, the role of schools
How to write and manage an educational project;
Educational methods, tools and training packages for environmental education;
Communication in education and nature conservation;
Community building.
To increase the role of school in teaching how to use the local natural
and cultural heritage an educational package that comprises three
courses and related teaching materials was developed.
Course no 1 - Discovering the backyard nature already implemented in the sixth grade
in local schools. It contains Teacher Guide, Student Notebook, a CD , Field applications
materials;
Course no 2 - Local traditions (seventh grade) dedicated to local costumes, legends,
crafts, folk art. It will contain also a Teacher Guide, Student Notebook, a CD (designed to
be used in the schools computer network);Course no 3 - Local development (eighth grade) aiming to develop
entrepreneurial skills based on local opportunities and needs (small local business
basics), administration knowledge, community building.