HAZARDOUS HAZARDOUS COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
SUBPART ZSUBPART Z1910.12001910.1200
2-hour Lesson
Sam Mason, CMfgT, CSTMAuthorized OSHA TrainerMorehead State University
Purpose
The purpose of the standard is to make sure that the hazards of chemicals are evaluated
That information concerning their hazards is communicated to employers and employees
More than 30 million workers are potentially exposed to one or more chemical hazards.
Estimated 650,000 existing hazardous chemical products, hundreds of new ones are being introduced
annually
This poses a serious problem for exposed workers and their employers.
Why????
Historically
Humans have found or made 50 million different chemicals here on Earth, the vast majority over the last few decades.
Number of unique chemicals now registered in a database maintained by the American Chemical Society as of yesterday.
09-09-09 Alexis Madrigal Wired Science
New Rate
It took 33 years to get the first 10 million chemicals registered
A mere nine months to get the last 10 million chemicals into the database. acceleration is due to better tracking by the
American Chemical Society Alexis Madrigal
Who is covered
OSHA’s Hazard Communication (HazCom) standard applies to general industry, shipyard, marine terminals, longshoring, and construction employment and covers chemical manufacturers, importers, employers, and employees exposed to chemical hazards.
Horizontal
Background
The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)
is based on a simple concept—
that employees have both a need and a right to
know the hazards and identities of the chemicals
they are exposed to when working
http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/standards.html
Background
The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) will result in a reduction of illnesses and injuries
caused by chemicals.
Helps employers with having the information they need to design an appropriate protective program.
The HCS also allows: The need to know what protective measures are
available to prevent adverse effects from occurring
and provides employees with the information they need
MSDS
Background
Employees will be better able to participate in the programs effectively when they understand the hazards involved,
and to take steps to protect themselves.
Together (the employer and employee actions) will prevent the occurrence of adverse effects
caused by the use of chemicals in the workplace
Again…the Why??
Chemical Manufactures
A significant portion of the standard pertains only to chemical manufactures, importers, and distributors
Employers who do not produce chemicals only have to focus on establishing a workplace program and communicating information to their workers
Appendix E provides a guide
Employers
Employers are required to provide information to their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed using:
A hazard communication program labels and other forms of warnings material safety data sheets (MSDS) information and training
Warehouse and Retail Operations
In work operations where employees only handle chemicals in
sealed containers, which are not opened under normal conditions
Employers must only do the following:
Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are not defaced or
removed
Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that are
received with incoming shipments
Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS
Provide employees with information and training (no written program required) to the extent necessary to protect them in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from a sealed container
Warehouse and Retail Operations
Labeling Exemptions
Other federal agencies control the labeling requirements for the following substances:
Pesticides Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control
Act Foods or food additives Distilled Spirits, tobacco Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics Hazardous wastes
Employer Requirements- Written Program
1910.1200(e)(1)
Employers must develop a written program that
covers at least:
Labels and other forms of warnings
Material Safety Data Sheets
Employee Information and Training
Employers must develop a written program that covers at least:
A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical
The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the hazards non-routine tasks
The hazards of chemicals in unlabeled pipes
Employer Requirements- Written Program
Multi-Employer Workplaces
If employees of other employers could be exposed to hazardous chemicals the program must include:
Methods to provide contractor employees with on-site access to MSDS for each chemical those workers may be exposed to
The methods used to inform other employers of any precautionary measures to be taken for normal and emergency situations
The employers chemical labeling system
Consumer Products Exemption
Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer Product Safety Act where the employer can show that: It is used in the workplace for the purpose
intended
The use results in a duration and frequency of exposure which is not greater than the range of exposures that could reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the purpose intended
Written Program Availability
The employer must make the written program available, upon request, to:
Employees and their designated representatives
Where work is carried out at more than one location, the program may be kept at the main location
Labels, Tags and Markings
The employer must ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with the following:
Identity of the hazardous chemical Appropriate hazard warnings
This above labeling information is required of the manufacturer so the employer must ensure that the original labels from the manufacturer are on all containers and remain legible
Hazardous Materials Placards
10.8” x 10.8” Set on a 45 degree
Non Bulk containers have similar label 4” x 4”
Four indicators to alert emergency personnel about the Hazard
Color Hazard Class Visual Symbol United Nations
Number
Hazardous Materials Placards
Colors Red – flammable Green – non-flammable Yellow – Oxidizer Blue – danger when wet White – inhalation hazard and poison Black and White – corrosive Red and White Stripe – flammable solid/ spontaneously
combustible White and Yellow – Radiation Orange – Explosives Black and White Stripes – Miscellaneous Hazard
Hazardous Materials Placards
There are 9 classes for hazardous materials: Class 1 explosives Class 2 gases (flammable, nonflammable, inhalation
hazard/poison, or oxygen) Class 3 liquids that burn (flammable and combustible
liquids, based on their flashpoint) Class 4 flammable solids, spontaneously combustible,
or dangerous when wet materials Class 5 oxidizers and organic peroxides Class 6 poison/toxic solids and liquids, infectious
materials Class 7 radioactive (three sub classes) Class 8 corrosives (acids and bases) Class 9 miscellaneous
Hazard Class
Hazardous Materials Placards
There are hundreds of four digit numbers used, from 1001 (acetylene) to 9279 (hydrogen, absorbed in metal hydride).
The number in some cases is specific to a chemical and in other cases reflects a variety of hazardous materials. 1017 is only used for chlorine, 1005 has five chemical listings, 1993 is used for eight chemical listings and 2810 is used for 36 chemical listings
UN
Number
Container Labeling Exemption for Portable Containers
The employer is not required to label portable
containers into which hazardous chemicals are
transferred from labeled containers, and which are
intended only for the immediate use by the
employee who performs the transfer
The employer need not affix new labels to comply
with the standard ifexisting labels already covey
the required information
New Hazard Information
Manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers who become newly aware of significant information regarding chemical hazards shall:
Revise the labels for the chemical within three months
Revise the MSDS for the chemical within three months
MSDS kept in other forms
MSDS may be kept in any form including operating procedures
It may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals
Employee Information and Training
Employers must provide employees information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area:
At the time of their initial assignment Whenever a new physical or health hazard the
employees have not previously been trained about is introduced into their work area
Training may cover categories of hazards
Employee Information
Employers must inform employees:
Of the training requirements of this section (1910.1200(h) Employee information and training.);
Any operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present;
The location and availability of the written hazard communication program
Employee Training
Employee training shall include at least:
The means to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area
The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area
Measures employees can take to protect themselves
Details of the employers specific program
Employee Training
Training shall include the following:
An explanation of the Hazard Communication Program. An explanation of MSDSs and how to access an MSDS. A review of chemicals used on site. A review of the locations of work areas using hazardous
products. Identification of hazards associated with the use of
chemicals. A review of protective measures required for specific
hazards. An explanation of the labeling system used.
Hazard Definitions
1910.1200(c)
Chemical Exposure Severity & Duration
“Acute” effects usually occur rapidly as a result of short-term exposures, and are of short duration
“Chronic” effects generally occur as a result of long-term exposure, and are of long duration
Corrosive
Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to body
tissue
Acids
Caustics (or bases)
pH Scale
1 147
Acids
Caustics (or bases)
Target Organ Effects
Hepatotoxins
Chemicals which produce liver
damage
Signs and Symptoms:
Jaundice, liver enlargement
Chemicals:
Carbon Tetrachloride,
nitrosamines
Found: HVAC Freon,
cosmetics, latex, pesticides
Nephrotoxins
Chemicals which produce kidney
damage
Signs and Symptoms: Edema
Chemicals: Halogenated
Hydrocarbons, uranium
Found: flame retardants, fire extinguishants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, pharmaceuticals
Neurotoxins
Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system
Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis, behavioral changes, decreased motor function
Chemicals: Mercury, carbon disulfide, lead
Found:
Adhesives, Agent Orange, aspartame, ammonia, arsenic, benzene, carbonless copy paper, carbon monoxide, carpet cleaning agents, CCA (copper-chromium- arsenate), chemical warfare agents, chlorine, combustion products, contaminated or defective products, copper-chromium-arsenate, damp buildings, dioxin, drugs, formaldehyde, gamma butyrolactone, gasoline, glues, heavy metals, herbicides, lacquer sanding sealer, lead, lithium, MDI (methyl diisocyanate), MEK (methyl-ethyl-ketone), manganese, mercury, metals, methylene chloride, mixed toxic waste, mold, municipal sludge, mycotoxins, naphthalene, n-hexane, oil and gas field emissions, opiates, organic metals, paint, paint remover, pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, etc.), phenolic resins, pollution (ground, soil, water, air), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), radiation injuries, smoke removing agents, solvents, styrene, synthetic carpets, TDI (toluene diisocyanate), toluene, toxic waste, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, welding fumes, wood preservatives, xylene, etc.
Neurotoxins
Illnesses:
chemical sensitivity syndrome, environmental illness, memory dysfunction, multiple chemical sensitivity, neurologic illnesses due to toxic chemicals (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, movement disorders, multiple sclerosis, paralysis, , etc.), panic disorder, Parkinson's disease, tremor, etc.
Brain Damage: Common symptoms can include problems with memory,
concentration, reaction time, sleep, thinking, language, as well as depression, confusion, personality changes, fatigue, and numbness of the hands and feet.
Neurotoxins
http://www.firefighterswithparkinsons.net/
Agents which act on the blood
Decrease hemoglobin
function, deprive the
body tissues of oxygen
Signs and Symptoms:
Cyanosis, loss of
consciousness
Chemicals: Carbon
monoxide, cyanides
Cyanide Poisoning Treatment Coalition
Found: Cyanide is contained in cigarette smoke
and the combustion products of synthetic materials such as plastics. Paper, Plastics and textiles industries Chemicals used to develop photographs Metallurgy for electroplating, metal cleaning, and
removing gold from its ore Cyanide gas is used to exterminate pests and vermin
in ships and buildings.
Agents which act on the blood
Agents which damage the lungs
Chemicals which damage
pulmonary tissue
Signs and Symptoms:
Cough, tightness in the
chest, loss of breath
Chemicals: Asbestos, silica
Found:
Found:
drywall and joint compound
plaster gas mask filters pre
1960s mud and texture coats vinyl floor tiles,
sheeting, adhesives roofing tars, felts,
siding, and shingles "transite" panels,
siding, countertops, and pipes
popcorn ceilings, fireproofing caulk gaskets
packing, a system for sealing a rotating shaft
brake pads and shoes clutch plates stage curtains fire blankets interior fire doors fireproof clothing for
firefighters thermal pipe insulation filters for removing
fine particulates from chemicals, liquids and wine
dental cast linings HVAC flexible duct
connectors drilling fluid additives
Asbestos and Silicas
Reproductive toxins
Chemicals which damage
reproductive capabilities
Includes chromosomal damage
(mutations) and damage to
fetuses (teratogenesis)
Signs and Symptoms: Birth
defects, sterility
Chemicals: Lead
Found:
House paint before 1978. Toys and furniture painted before 1976. Painted toys and decorations made outside the U.S. Lead bullets, fishing sinkers, curtain weights. Plumbing, pipes, faucets.
Lead can be found in drinking water in homes whose pipes were connected with lead solder. While new building codes require lead-free solder, lead is still found in some modern faucets.
Soil contaminated by decades of car exhaust or years of house paint scrapings. Thus, lead is more common in soil near highways and houses.
Hobbies involving soldering, stained glass, jewelry making, pottery glazing, miniature lead figures
Children's paint sets and art supplies (always look at labels). Pewter pitchers and dinnerware. Storage batteries.
Lead
Cutaneous hazards
Chemicals which effect the dermal
layer of the body
Signs and Symptoms: Defatting
of the skin, rashes, irritation
Chemicals: Ketones, chlorinated
compounds
Found: Acetones, Cleaner
solvents, dry cleaning chemicals,
plastics, filtration, degreasing
agents and pesticides
Eye hazards
Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal
damage, blurred vision, burning or irritation Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
are one of the most important tools
available to employers
for providing information, and protection
to workers from hazardous chemicals
which are used in the workplace.
1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required information
Identity of the chemical Physical and chemical
characteristics Physical hazards Chemical hazards Primary routes of entry PEL’s or other
exposure limits Control measures Emergency procedures
Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens
precautions for safe handling and use
Date of preparation Name, address and
telephone of the manufacturer
Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of Labor
May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form)
29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.
Form Approved
OMB No. 1218-0072
IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to indicate that.
Section I
Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number
Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for Information
Date PreparedSignature of Preparer (optional)
Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information
Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;
Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other
Limits
Recommended %(optional)
Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point
Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate(Butyl Acetate = 1)
Solubility in Water
Appearance and Odor
Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LELUEL
Extinguishing Media
Special Fire Fighting Procedures
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards
Section V - Reactivity Data
Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid
Stable
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)
Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts
HazardousPolymerization May Occur Conditions to Avoid
Will Not Occur
Section VI - Health Hazard Data
Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion?
Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)
Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA Regulated?
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure
Medical ConditionsGenerally Aggravated by Exposure
Emergency and First Aid Procedures
Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled
Waste Disposal Method
Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing
Other Precautions
Section VIII - Control Measures
Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)
Ventilation Local Exhaust Special
Mechanical (General) Other
Protective Gloves Eye Protection
Other Protective Clothing or Equipment
Work/Hygienic Practices
Setting up a program
The HCS covers both:
Physical hazards (such as flammability), and
Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage,
and cancer)
Most chemicals used in the workplace have some
hazard potential, and thus will be covered by the rule
One difference between this rule and many
others adopted by OSHA is that this one is
performance-oriented
That means that you have the flexibility to adapt
the rule to the needs of your workplace, rather
than having to follow specific, rigid requirements
Setting up a program
Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace that are potentially hazardous
The best way to prepare a comprehensive list is to survey the workplace
Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes
Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs are being received before a material is used in the workplace
Setting up a program
Identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace.
Compile a complete list of the potentially hazardous chemicals in the workplace
Determine if you have received material safety data sheets for all of them
If any are missing, contact your supplier and request one
You should not allow employees to use any chemicals for which you have not received an MSDS
Preparing and implementing a hazard communication program
All workplaces where employees are
exposed to hazardous chemicals must
have a written plan
The plan does not have to be lengthy
or complicated
Employee training
If there are only a few chemicals in the workplace, then you may want to discuss each one individually
Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or the chemicals change frequently, you will probably want to train generally based on the hazard categories (e.g., flammable liquids, corrosive materials,
carcinogens)
Documentation
The rule does not require employers to maintain records of employee training, but many employers choose to do so
This may help you monitor your own program to ensure that all employees are appropriately trained
Hazard Communication
