Download - Health Sciences 1101 Medical Terminology Module 5 The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Basic Cardiovascular Terms
Cardi/o or coron/o: Pertaining to the heart
Vascul/o: Pertaining to the vessels
Vas/o: Pertaining to a vessel, the vas deferens or ducts
Cardiovascular: The heart and the vessels
Phleb/o ven/o: Pertaining to a vein
A Brief Explanation of the Cardiovascular System
Excellent YouTube Video
The Conducting System of the Heart
The conducting system of the heart video
Cardiac TermsEndocardium: The thin layer that lines the
inside of the heart and the heart valves
Myocardium: The muscle layer of the heart
Pericardium: The fibrous sac that encloses the heart
Atri/o: Pertaining to the atrium (atria)
Ventricul/o: Pertaining to the ventricles
Cardiac Function Terms
Systole: The state of contraction of the heart
Diastole: The state of relaxation of the heart
-cardia: Condition of the heart
Review terms: brady, tachy
Arrhythmia: Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; dysrhythmia
Cardiac Pathology Terms
Fibrillation: Abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers. Can lead to cardiac arrest and then death.
Heart Failure: Condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
Congestive Heart Failure: Reduced outflow of blood from the left side of the heart. Results in lung congestion, dyspnea, and fatigue.
Cardiac Pathology Terms
Prolapse: to fall out of place
Mitral valve prolapse: Condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole
Rheumatic heart disease: Damage to the heart muscle and valves as a sequela to streptococcal infection.
Murmur: Abnormal sound heard on auscultation, caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart
Cardiac Pathology Terms
Coronary artery disease (CAD): Condition that affects the arteries of the heart, resulting in decreased blood flow to the myocardium.
Myocardial Infaction (MI): Heart muscle damaged by partial or complete occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries. AKA: Heart attack.
Angina pectoris: Chest pain due to ischemia. Can be a symptom of MI.
Vascular Function Terms
Angi/o: Pertaining to the vessels
Aneurysm/o: Widening of the vessels
Aort/o: Pertaining to the aorta
Arteri/o: Pertaining to the arteries
Ateriol/o: Pertaining to the arterioles
Ather/o: Fatty plaque
Thromb/o: blood clot
Varic/o: dilated vein
Vascular Pathology Terms
Embolus: A mass of undissolved matter present in a blood or lymphatic vessel brought there by the blood or lymph current. May be solid, liquid or gas and can cause infarcts
Deep vein thrombosis: Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body. Occur most frequently in the iliac and femoral veins
Aneurysm: Localized dilation of a vessel wall due to weakness. Can lead to arteriorrhexis or phleborrhexis
Vascular Pathology TermsTransient ischemic attack (TIA):
Temporary interference with blood supply to the brain. No long term damage.
Stroke: Damage to brain due to interruption of blood supply. AKA: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Strokes are caused by hemorrhage in the
brain or emboli and thrombi that occlude arteries.
Vascular Pathology Terms
Hypertension: Consistently elevated blood pressure that is higher than normal
Raynaud Disease: Vascular disorder in which the fingers and toes become cold, numb and painful
Varicose veins: Swollen, distended veins caused by incompetent venous valves.
Vascular Pathology Terms
Arteriosclerosis: Thickening, hardening, or loss of elasticity of the arterial walls. Can lead to altered tissue and organ function.
Atherosclerosis: A type of arteriosclerosis characterized by the build up of fatty plaque.
Random Other CV Pathology Terms
Kaposi Sarcoma: A malignancy of connective tissue including bone, fat, muscle and fibrous tissue.
Cardiovascular DiagnosticsBruit: Soft blowing sound heard
on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow.
Cardiac enzyme studies: Blood tests to assess cardiac damage.
CKMB and troponin-I: Blood tests that measure proteins specific to the heart that are relased as a result of recent MI.
Echocardiography: The visualization of the heart through ultrasonography.
Cardiovascular Diagnostics
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): Measurement of the electric activity of the heart muscle.
Holter monitor: Monitoring device used to record 24 hours worth of ECG.
Stress test: Method used to evaluate CV fitness by monitoring ECG while a patient is exercising.
Cardiovascular Treatment
Statins: Drugs that reduce low density lipoproteins
Thrombolytic therapy: Drugs used to dissolve blood clots
Anticoagulation therapy: Drugs used to reduce blood clotting
Cardiovascular Treatment
Cardiac catheterization: A catheter is threaded through a large blood vessel until it reaches into the heart
Angioplasty: Any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow
Cardiovascular Treatment
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG): Surgery that bypasses blocked coronary arteries using grafted vessels taken from other parts of the body
Valvuloplasty: Restorative surgery on a valve, especially cardiac valves
Cardiovascular Treatment
Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (AICD): implanted electric source with wires into heart. Senses rhythm and zaps if fibrillation is sensed.
Pacemaker: implanted electric source with wires into heart. Provides low-level stimulation to maintain normal heart rhythm.
Lymphatic system Terms
Aden/o: A gland
Immun/o: The immune system
Lymph/o: Cells and tissues of the lymphatic system
Lymphaden/o: The lymph nodes
Lymphangi/o: The vessels of the lymphatic system
Splen/o: The spleen
Thym/o: The thymus
Phag/o: Swallowing or eating
-phylaxis: Protection
Immune System Pathology
Mononucleosis: Acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes
Lymphadenitis: Inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes usually as a result of infection
Hodgkin Disease: Disease causing malignant solid tumors that may originate in lymphoid tissue. Can invade other organs if left untreated.
Immune System Pathology
Lymphosarcoma: Malignant disorder of lymphatic tissue that is not related to Hodgkin disease. Also called non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Kaposi Sarcoma: Connective tissue malignancy associated with HIV infections
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): Systemic loss of immunity due to destruction of helper t cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Lymphatic System DiagnosticsLymphangiography:
Radiographic examination of the lymphatic system using an injected contrast medium
Bone marrow aspiration biopsy: Removal of bone marrow tissue so that it can be evaluated microscopically
Tissue typing: Technique used to determine histocompatibility (compatibility of tissues) for transplants