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Healthy Soils: Healthy Wildlife
Andy James
IRNR-TAMU
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Overview
• Soil & Wildlife Interactions
• Using Soils & Ecological Sites as a wildlife management tool.
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Wildlife & Soil Interactions
Soil Wildlife
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Wildlife
• Small Mammals
– Silky pocket mouse, Kangaroo rat,
• Game Birds
– Quail, Turkey, Pheasant
• Non-game Birds
– Vireo’s, Warbler’s, Bunting’s
• Big Game
– Deer, Pronghorn, Elk, Bighorn Sheep
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Healthy Soils Benefit Wildlife
• Increase food resources
• Improve water quality
• Development of cover
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• 1992
• 1997
• 2005
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Healthy Wildlife Benefit Soils
• Reduced Soil Erosion
• Increased Soil Moisture
• Aeration
• Promote Seed Germination
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Role of Small Mammals
• Burrows aerate the soil
• Alter underground moisture regimes
• Mix subsurface and surface soil layers
• Cache seeds and facilitate germination
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Grassland Birds
• How are grassland birds impacted by soils?
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Big Game
• Deer, Pronghorn, Elk, etc.
• The use of plant species that benefit both the soil and the deer.
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Cover Crop Plants
• Crimson Clover
• Cowpea
• Oilseed Radish
• Pea
• Pigeonpea
• Cereal Rye
• Oats
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Wildlife Food Plot Plants
• Arrowleaf Clover
• Crimson Clover
• Alfalfa
• Cowpea
• Austrian winter pea
• Radishes or Turnips
• Oats or Wheat
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• “A healthy soil; the healthy foundation upon which all living things rely.”
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Using Soils to Manage Wildlife Habitat
• Soil Type
• Vegetation
• Climate
• Topography
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What Are Ecological Sites
• An ecological site is an area of land with specific physical characteristics that differs from other kinds of land in its ability to produce a distinctive kind and amount of vegetation and to respond to management.
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Golden-cheeked Warbler habitat use and reproductive success
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State & Transition Models
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State & Transition Models
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• Identifying limiting resources such as food and water will aid biologists and resource managers in developing better management plans.
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Conclusion
• If healthy and sustainable populations of wildlife are your goal, develop the foundation of all life on the land—your soil.