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Heating Losses-Infltration and Ventilation
ARCH-432
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Attendance
Which civilizationmade it a point tolao!t "hole cities tota#e advantage o$passive heating% In"hat direction did thecit streets r!n%
A& 'reece(& Rome
C& )gpt
*& +ersia
)& (a,lonia
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Attendance
he ancient 'ree#sdid this& What "as
sho"n is +riene.Priēnē)/ .0th Cent!r(&C&1 "hich had all o$the streets laid o!t in
an )ast-West $ashionth!s allo"ing allhomes to point o!th&
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Attendance
5nl primitives and ,ar,arians lac#ed
#no"ledge o$ ho!ses t!rned to $acethe
"inter s!n d"elling ,eneath the
gro!nd li#e s"arming ants ins!nless caves&6
Aeschylus
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Aeschylus
GreetingsCapt.
Kirk
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Attendance
Aeschl!s pronounced )ss ca less
5ne o$ the earliest "riter o$ 'ree#traged 7 ,e$ore him plas had singleactors "ho co!ld onl respond to a
chor!s .gro!p o$ people1& Aeschl!sincrease the traged to t"o actors"ith dialog&
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(ig +ict!re 8oment
roofroof
)9terior)9terior"all"all
'lass'lass
cond!ctiocond!ctionn
:loor:loor
InfltrationInfltrationandandVentilationVentilation
Ceiling
+artition
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:ive main tpes o$ heat loss
;& ransmission .cond!ction1
2& Infltration .convection1
3& Ventilation .convection1
4& Radiation .radiation10& 8oist!re migration
roofroof
)9terio)9teriorr
"all"all
'lass'lasscond!cticond!cti
onon
:loor:loor
InfltratioInfltration andn andVentilatioVentilatio
nn
Ceiling
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!mmar o$ Heat Losses
Wall
Roo$
:loor
Windo"s
*oors
Infltration
Ventilation
)nvelope
Losses
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What <o! =eed o >no"
he di?erence ,et"een ventilationand infltration
Calc!lation methods $or ,othventilation and infltration
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What <o! =eed o (e A,le o *o
Calc!late infltration@ventilationloads
(e a,le to red!ce@mitigateinfltration and ventilation loads
)mplo techni!es $or increasing
ventilation e?ectiveness
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erms
Infltration
)9fltration
Ventilation
*irect 5!tside Air stem .*5A1
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Infltration
“The uncontrolled
introduction ofoutside air into abuilding.”
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Infltration
he !ncontrolled introd!ction o$ $resh air into a,!ilding&
;& 8ost s!,Bective o$ all losses
2& 5$tentimes the largest o$ all heat losses&
ometimes comprises !p to 3D o$ the
totalheating load&
3& )nds !p ,eing an ed!cated g!ess6
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Wh Is his Important%
All ,!ildings lea#
A tight ,!ilding "illlea# &0 AC@H
A lea# ,!ilding canlea# 3 AC@H
Regardless o$climate air lea#ing
into "alls ca!sespro,lems
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Ventilation
he mechanical introd!ction o$o!tside air .5A1 toE
Replace 59gen *il!te contaminants
+ress!rize the ,!ilding
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8oist!re Load
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Infltration Calc!lation8ethods
Crac# method
Air Change 8ethod
FAveragingG method .FI donGt #no"so IGm going to thro" a dartGmethod1
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Crac# 8ethod
+res!mes that an acc!rate estimatecan ,e o,tained , estimating the
rate o$ infltration per $oot o$ crac#$or doors and "indo"s
C:8 :t& o$ Crac# 9 Infltration Rate
;&; 9 C:8 9 .2 7 ;1 in (J@HR
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Add Infltration hro!gh
5pen *oor*etermine *oor Jsage =!m,er o$ +eople per 8in!te
*etermine C:8 per person .*1
C:8 9 *L))*-=C Credit ) 0
$or providingvesti,!les&
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Infltration , Crac#
8ethodAdd C:8 $rom Crac# losses to C:8$or 5pen *oor losses
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8itigate hese Losses
Ho" do o!red!ce ormitigate theselosses%
.Revie"1
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8itigation trategies
+ress!rization
;&; 9 C:8 9 .2 7 ;1
Vs&
;&; 9 .C:H@$t o$ crac# 9 $t o$
crac#1@K 9
You own thevariables!
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Infltration Varia,les
Revie"
Wind velocit and direction
tac# e?ects
Corner rooms
)9ha!st $ans on or o?
+ress!re zoning
:re!enc o$ !se
8aintenance
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tac# )?ect
Revie"
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Air Change 8ethod
5$ten !sed in residential constr!ctionand in large "areho!ses and similar
,!ildings
C:8 A&C&H& 9 Vol!me .$t31@K
orC:8 Vol!me .$t31@:re!enc
.min!tes1
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Air Change 8ethod
Jses same $orm!la $or sensi,le
)!als one room change
*esigner "ill !se &3 to 2& air changes perho!r .ACH1 5cc!panc Climatic condition .i&e& "inter vs& s!mmer1 Constr!ction .tight or loose1
Least acc!rate o$ the three methods
Qsens = 1.1 x CFM x ∆T
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a,le 2-M
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Heat Loss Due to
InltrationInfltration(t! H .&;M1 9 .ACH1 9 V 9 .i
7 o1ACH air e9changes per ho!r
V vol!me
i inside temperat!re
o o!tside temperat!re
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Heat Loss Due to
Inltration
"
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Heat Loss Due to
InltrationInfltration
(t! H ;&; 9 C:8 9 .i 7 o1C:8 .ACH 9 vol!me1 @ K min per
ho!r
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Heat Loss Due to
InltrationInfltration+lease =oteE
:or tight constr!ction !se &0 $or ACH&:or medi!m constr!ction !se &M0 $or ACH&
:or loose constr!ction !se ;&3 $or ACH&
:or reall ,ad constr!ction !se 2& $or ACH
:or the s!mmer months .cooling1 !se NDo$ the "inter val!es&
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Btu Hour Loss due toInfiltration Main Area
CFM Ht. W. L. 1.10 air exch. vol. In cf / 60e!".Ch.
1# $6.66 %$.66 1.10 0.& $1'(0).6) )$(.)6 %6 #*'1#).1*
Btu Hour Loss due to+entilation Main Area
Ht. W. L. 1.10 sf cf!
exchan,e -ccu".e!".Ch.
12 46.66 74.66 1.10 3,483.64 0.180 34.84 76 66'*().)&
a "-ccu"/
1000
0.1( & 10.00
Inltration # $entilation
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Heat Gains Due to
InltrationLatent Load
(t!H 40 9 .air e9changes 9
.vol!me1 @K1 9
.W :inal 7 W Initial1
.W :inal 7 W Initial1 *i?erence Ratio+o!nds o$ 8oist!re per dr air
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Heat Loss Due to
$entilationVentilation (t! H ;&; 9 O.Ra 9 s!are $eet o$
,!ilding 1 P.n!m,er o$ people in the ,!ilding 9
Rp 1Q
9
.i 7 o1
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Heat Loss Due to
$entilation
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Heat Loss Due to
$entilationVentilation
Ra Area 5!tdoor Air Rate
Rp +eople 5!tdoor Air Rate
)9ampleE +harmacRa .%&
Rp '
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Heat Loss Due to
$entilationVentilation(t! H ;&; 9 O ..%& 9 3K321 P .3 9 '1Q 9
NKo
KN2;4
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Ventilation and @ orInfltration
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