![Page 1: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HELCOM HOLAS II &
Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem
Lena Bergström, Project Coordinator of HOLAS II
![Page 2: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What are the aims of the HOLAS II project? What will be assessed? Where does fish come into the assessment?
![Page 3: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Primary aims of the second HELCOM holistic assessment of ecosystem health of the Baltic Sea
• Follow up on the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP)
• Serve as a base for the 2018 reporting of the MSFD
Lena Bergström, HOLAS II
Ph
oto
: Ulf
Ber
gstr
öm
![Page 4: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Also: Support the further development of a Baltic regional indicator-based assessment system
Contributions from other projects, and from expert groups:
• Better and more reliable indicators
• Improved data flow
• Increasingly automated and transparent assessment methods
Lena Bergström, HOLAS II
![Page 5: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Timeline
2015 2016 2017 2018
Develop tools and concepts, data flows, core indicators
Assess-ment and writing
Updates, finalize report
Consul-tation
Project from December 2014 to June 2018.
Develop and test methods
Data!
RELEASE OF FIRST RESULTS
UPDATED RESULTS
![Page 6: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Overview of HOLAS II outputs at different level of detail
Results by species groups, descriptors, integrated assessments
Results by indicator
”Chapters in the report”
![Page 7: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What will be assessed? Where does fish come into the assessment?
These slides reflect planned work! Many aspects are to be dicussed and agreed on further
![Page 8: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Drivers
Pressures
Status of the ecosystem
Impacts (ecosystem
services)
Responses
To be developed further by HOLAS II together with the TAPAS project
HOLAS II in relation to the DPSIR framework
![Page 9: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Economic and social analyses (ESA): how to link the natural science-based assessment to analyses of
benefits and consequences for human well-being
• Use of marine waters– Linked to assessment of human activities and pressures
• Cost of degradation– Benefits forgone if GES is not reached
• Ecosystem services?
To be considered further (Workshops for method development will be held 10-11 May, Helsinki and 8-9 September, Tallinn)
![Page 10: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
BIRDS FISH MAM-MALS
BENTICPELA-GIC
D7 D9 D10 D11D2 D6D3
EUTRO D5 HAZ D8BIODIV
D1,D4,D6
Environmental status (GES)
Results for groups of biodiversity elements
Thematic outputs
Assessment of Good Environmental Status
Some pressure based desriptors may not be relevant to show in maps
D1= BiodiversityD2= Non-indigenous speciesD3 = Commercial fishD4 = Food websD5 = EutrophicationD6 = Seafloor integrityD7 = Hydrographical alterationsD8= Contaminant concentrationsD9 = Contaminants in foodD10 = Marine litterD11 = Noise and energy
![Page 11: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
GES is assessed based on Core indicators
• Biological elements: mammals, birds, fish, pelagic and benthic habitats
• Pressure based indicators: Non-indigenous species, Commercial fishing, Eutrophication, Contaminants, Marine litter, Energy and noise
![Page 12: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Indicators potentially available for HOLAS II
C-GES=Core indicator with GES definition, C=Core indicator still lacking GES definition, PC=Pre-Core
![Page 13: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Integrated assessment of biodiversity
Integration steps
![Page 14: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Other options to be evaluated for the integrated assessment of biodiversity
Criteria-approach Species approach
To be compared with the currently planned “species group” –compartments. Need to explore relationship between available indicators and criteria proposed in the draft new commission decision on GES criteria, to explore where gaps appear and how it affects the overall assessment.
![Page 15: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ways to present the results
Name Surname
5/10/201615
Aggregated results based on averaging or one-out-all-out
Shades of red in this example show distance to the boundary
![Page 16: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
IndicatorAssessment units
1) Level 1: Entire Baltic Sea
2) Level 2: 17 units
![Page 17: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Assessment units(cont.)
3) Level 317 units with coastal areas separated
4) Level 4: WFD Water bodies
![Page 18: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cumulative effect assessment
Pressure data layer
x
Impact score
x
Ecosystem component data layer
Impact scores rate the sensitivity of the ecosystem component to the concerned pressure, eg from 1-3.
![Page 19: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Web questionaire in planning
• A questionnaire will collect expert opinions to support setting the impact scores
• The questionnaire will relate circa 19 pressures to their effects on ecosystem components
• Time plan: June
Name Surname
5/10/201619
![Page 20: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ongoing collation of spatial datasets
HUMAN ACTIVITIES
43 datasets aimed for
PRESSURES
44 datasets aimed for
The spatial datasets will be merged into thematic layers for the assessment – circa 20 layers representing pressures
![Page 21: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ongoing collation of spatial datasets
ECOSYSTEM COMPONENTS• Pelagic habitats (2)
• Broad-scale seabed habitats (6)
• Habitat-forming species (5)
• Natura 2000 habitats (8)
• Fish species (7)
• Important bird areas (3)
• Marine mammals (3)
Value in brackets give indicative number of layers considered in each group)
![Page 22: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ecosystem component layers for fish
• Cod
• Sprat
• Herring
• Perch
• Pikeperch
• Flounder
• Roach
These will be included in the assessment provided that spatial datasets of adequate quality can be obtained
Also maps over spawning areas where possible and relevant
![Page 23: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Windfarms- Status- Capacity (MW)- N of turbines- Construction year
Pipelines- Status
Example data sets on human activities
![Page 24: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Surface abrasion
Data for 2009-2013
Example data sets on pressures
![Page 25: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Fish related human activities in the spatial assessment
Activity Example subactivity
Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional,
recreational)
Potting/ creeling (FPO, FIX)
Netting (GNS)
Demersal long lining (LLS)
Pelagic long lining (LLD)
Benthic trawling (OTB, OTT, PTB)
Pelagic trawling (OTM, PTM)
Demersal seining (SDN, SSC)
Purse seining (PS)
Benthic dredging (HMD)
Leisure fishing (RG, [GN, LX])
Aquaculture - marineFinfish mariculture
Shellfish mariculture
Assessment: What pressures do these activities cause on the environment?What are the benefits of these activities on human well-being?
![Page 26: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Assessed pressures (prel.)Assessment: Which of these pressures affect fish and to what extent?
Pressure Subpressure
Substances, litter and energy
Input of nutrients From atmospheric deposition, diffuse and point sources
Input of organic matter From diffuse sources
Input of hazardous substances From acute events, atmospheric deposition, diffuse sources, point sources
Input of litter Solid waste and micro-sized litter
Input of soundContinuous sound
Impulsive sound
Input of other forms of energySeismic waves
Change in water temperature
Biological
Input or spread of non-indigenous species Input or spread of non-indigenous species
Disturbance of species due to human presence (layered combined from human activities)
Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, species Target and non-targeted catches in commercial and recreational fishing
Physical
Disturbance or damage to seabed Disturbance or damage to seabed
Extraction of seabed substrate Extraction of seabed substrate
Change of seabed substrate or morphology Change of seabed substrate or morphology (physical loss)
Changes to hydrological conditions Changes to hydrological conditions
![Page 27: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Good environmental statusis assessed using fish based and fish-related indicators
Division in relation to the MSFD:
- Descriptor 1, 4 (Biodiversity): HELCOM core indicators- Descriptor 3 (Commercially exploited fish and shellfish): ICES
Back to the fish indicators:
![Page 28: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
How to include the indicators?• State based: All D1, D4, (D6) indicators, as well as D3
indicators under criteria D3.2 and D3.3.
• Pressure based: D3 indicators criterion D3.1
• All state-based indicators are proposed to be included in the Biodiversity assessment of HOLAS II.
Name Surname
5/10/201628
![Page 29: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
BIRDS FISH MAM-MALS
PELA-GIC
D7 D9D10
D11
D2 D6D3
HAZ D8
Assessment of ecosystem health
State based descriptors
Pressure based descriptors
BENTIC
Biodiversity elements
EUTRO D5
Human activities and pressure acting on the marine
environmentBSPII output
Trends in key pressuresCore pressure indicators
Socioeconomic importance
Ecosystem services
to be developed
further
Measures
to be developed
further
BIODIVD1,D4,D6
Introduction
OverviewCharacteristics
of the Baltic Sea
![Page 30: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
BIRDS FISH MAM-MALS
PELA-GIC
D3
Assessment of ecosystem health
State based descriptors
Pressure based descriptors
BENTIC
BIODIVERSITY
ICES indicators
CORE indicators
![Page 31: HELCOM HOLAS II Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ... IND WS 2016-345/Documents... · HELCOM HOLAS II & Assessing fish as part of the Baltic Sea ecosystem ... and criteria](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042708/5a78dca07f8b9ae6228e15bb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)