![Page 1: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Science Case Fiber/Slit Wavelength Cov ResolutionWav.Cal. Stability
Typical Mag
Throughput FOV AO Multiplex
metals in the IGM fiber/slit 0.32-1.5 >100.000 15-21
few arcsec in the IR?
tomography fibers 0.35-0.70 10.000 19-21 (24) >10% 5 arcmin no ~10x
molecules fiber/slit 0.32-0.7 >100.000 15-20 >10%few arcsec no
galaxiesfiber/slit/IFU 0.35-2.4 10.000 K=24 >20% 30" not really ~10x
primordial Gals red-2.4
>4000-10000 J=26 >20% 3 arcmin not really ~10x
GRBs fiber/slit 0.32-2.4 >5000 15-24 >20%few arcsec in the IR
constants fibers 0.32-0.70 >150.000comb < 1m/s 15-18few arcsec no
expansion fiber 0.35-0.70 >100.000comb2 cm/s (20yr) 15-17 >20%
few arcsec no
HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY
![Page 2: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
RESOLUTION
>100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants)(300.000 would be fine too – turbulence? See Evoli 2011)
~10.000 (galaxies, GRBs)
- “Linearly goeth Spectral Range, with the volume scaleth Resolution”
- “Only above R ~ 150.000 Astronomy becomes Astrophysics”
![Page 3: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
log NHI = 14.7 δ=7
log NHI = 13.5 δ=0
log NCIV = 12
20h
z=3
![Page 4: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
SPECTRAL RANGE
310-320 nm (constants, IGM metals, molecules, expans.?)350-370 nm (galaxies, tomography, expansion?)~red (primordial Gals)
~700 nm, optical (molecules, expansion, tomography)IR-H (metals in the IGM)IR-K (galaxies, primordial galaxies, GRBs)
![Page 5: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
X-shooter spectrum: J0818+1722 (zem= 6.00, Jvega = 18.5)
Si II 1260z=5.79
C II 1334O I 1302
Si II 1260z=5.87
O I 1302C II 1334
Si II 1526z=5.06
VIS
NIR
R=8800
R=5600
V.D’Odorico + 2010
![Page 6: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Metal pollution in the Universe
13.8< log N(CIV) <15
Adelberger 05
D’Odorico, Cupani, Cristiani + 2012
An archaeological record of past star formation
![Page 7: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Reionization: sources of systematics
Smaller transmission region due to the presence of associated strong overdensities !
WRONG estimate of the transmission region !!
![Page 8: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SED of ionizing spectrum vs. ion.potentials
![Page 9: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
0.64
0.86
![Page 10: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ADAPTIVE OPTICS ?
Most cases do not require adaptive optics(good, HIRES can be used during “bad” weather!)
The optical/higher res (constants, expansion, tomography, molecules …) [sky surface brightness]
Galaxies [intrinsic dimensions ~0.2”] not extreme AO
Would be useful for point-like sources in the IR, when we go faint (GRBs, metals in the IGM at high-z)GLAO?
![Page 11: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
FOV/Multiplex
• Most cases do not require multiplex/wide field of view (constants, expansion, GRBs, molecules, IGM metals)
• FOV: 30” galaxies, 3’ primordial galaxies, 5’ tomography
• limited multiplex (~10x)• MULTIPLEX ANTICORRELATES WITH
RESOLUTION (slicer!)
![Page 12: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fibers are OK or required for most of the cases (provided that the sky subtraction in the IR is correct)IFU for galaxies? (see also HARMONI)
The whole range UV-optical-IR in one shot is highly desired (e.g. transient phenomena – GRBs, see also economy of ELT time)
Throughput MUST be large (faint objects), [cf. HARMONI ~>35%]
![Page 15: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CALIBRATIONS
• Justify stability at a level of few cm/s for ALL high S/N (~>200) cases
• Need for High-Fidelity spectroscopy (see Dravins 2010)
• Not only wavelength calibration (Laser Comb) but also (e.g.) flat fielding, relative flux resp., psf (fibers may be an advantage)
• Telluric lines?
![Page 16: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Visible and near-infrared (0.47 to 2.45 µm) integral field spectrograph, over a range of resolving powers from R (≡λ/Δλ) ~ 4000 to R~20000. The instrument provides simultaneous spectra of ~32000 (8000) spaxels in the near-IR (visible) arranged in a 2:1 aspect ratio contiguous field.
HARMONI
Arribas, 2011
![Page 17: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
HARMONI Wavelength Ranges & Resolving Powers
Band min[µm] max[µm] [Å/pixel] R
H+K 1.450 2.450 2.500 3900
I+z+J 0.800 1.360 1.400 3857
V+R 0.470 0.810 0.850 3765
K 1.950 2.450 1.250 8800
H 1.460 1.830 0.925 8892
J 1.080 1.360 0.700 8714
I+z 0.820 1.030 0.525 8809
R 0.630 0.790 0.400 8875
V 0.500 0.630 0.325 8692
K high 2.090 2.320 0.575 19174
H high 1.545 1.715 0.425 19176
J high 1.170 1.290 0.300 20500
z 0.820 0.910 0.225 19222
R high 0.610 0.680 0.175 18428
V high 0.530 0.590 0.150 18666
![Page 18: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
HARMONI Sensitivity
20 mas spaxels provide best sensitivity for point sources 40 mas spaxels best for extended sources
![Page 19: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
JWST is not a competitor (complementary resolution) ☺nor we can expect a synergy [MIRI and FGS/NIRISS @ Goddard
NIRCAM and NIRSPEC in 2013]
![Page 20: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
HIRESHIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY
Fiber spectrograph2 res. Modes (15.000 – 150.000) 3 arms covering (0.32) 0.35-1.7 (2.4) micronHigh-throughput (>20%)3-5’ FOV10x multiplex for the low-res mode High-fidelity (few cm/s, S/N~200 in one exposure)
![Page 21: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY
Fiber spectrograph2 res. Modes (15.000 – 150.000) 3 arms covering (0.32) 0.35-1.7 (2.4) micronHigh-throughput (>20%)10x multiplex for the low-res modeHigh-fidelity (1 cm/s, S/N~200 in one exposure)
HIR
ESESO
![Page 22: HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence?](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee55503460f94bf47ae/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
HIRESHIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY
Fiber spectrograph2 res. Modes (15.000 – 150.000) 3 arms covering (0.32) 0.35-1.7 (2.4) micronHigh-throughput (>20%)3-5’ FOV10x multiplex for the low-res mode High-fidelity (1 cm/s, S/N~200 in one exposure)