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HIGHER EDUCATION IN THAILAND
Mrs.Varaporn Seehanath, Ph.D.Deputy Secretary-Generalfor Higher Education Commission, Thailand
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Presentation Outline
Thai Education System
Higher Education System
Quality Aspect
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Thai Education System3
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Higher Education Providers Major provider: Ministry of Education Office of the Higher Education Commission, Office of Vocational
Education Commission e Other providers: i Ministry of Public Health - Praborommarajchanok Institute for Health Workforce Development, - Boromarajonani College of Nursing
i Ministry of Defense - Phramongkutklao College of Medicine
- Royal Thai Naval Academy, Royal Thai Air Force Academy, Chulachomklao Royal Minitary Academy
- Royal Thai Navy Nursing College, Royal Thai Air force Nursing College, Royal Thai Army Nursing College
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Higher Education Providerse Other providers: i Ministry of Culture - Bunditpatanasilpa Institute, College of Fine Arts i Ministry of Agriculture - Irrigation College i Ministry of Transport - The Civil Aviation Training Centre i Ministry of Tourism and Sports - Institute of Physical Education i Under Bangkok Metropolitan Administration - Navamindradhiraj University i Organizations under the Prime Minister’s Office - Royal Police Cadet Academy
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General Administration of MOE
Ministry of Education
Office of the
Permanent Secretary
Office of the
Education Council
Office of the Basic
Education Commission
Schools
Office of the Vocational Education
Commission
Vocational colleges
Office of the Higher
Education Commission
Public & private HEIs
& community colleges
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Higher Education System
Office of the Higher Education Commission
(OHEC)
Public universities (80) Private HEIs (71)
Autonomous universities
(15)
Universities (65)
Community colleges(20)
Universities(40)
Colleges(22)
Institutions(9)
Ministry of Education
Higher Education Commission
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OHEC’s Functions and Responsibilities
Policies and Plans
Standards and Quality System
Resources Allocation
Personnel Management and Development
Monitoring and Evaluation of HEIs
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Policy Body Governing Higher Education
Higher Education Commission• Functions & Responsibilities
• Propose higher education policies, development plans and standards in line
with national economic and social development plan and national education plan
• Support allocation of resources and monitoring and evaluation of higher education provision
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Higher Education Commission Functions & Responsibilities (cont.)
• Provide recommendations on the issuance of HE regulations, criteria and announcements
• Provide comments and recommendations to Minister of Education or Council of Ministers
• Provide comments and recommendations to Council of Ministers on allocation of block grant for public universities and autonomous universities
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Higher Education Commission • Members
• Private sector• Local administration• Professional associations• Experts
• Number of experts must be no less than those from other sectors.
• OHEC Secretary-General serves as Secretary to the Commission.
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University Governance University Council
University Audit Committee
President
Vice Presidents AssistantPresident
Dean of Faculty Dean of College Director Center
AcademicCommittee
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University StructureOffice of the President
Campus Offices
Faculties/Schools
Institutes/Colleges
Centers
University Council
University Council’s Responsibilities
Responsibilities Public Universities
Public Autonomous Universities Private HEIs
Policy formulation
Quality & standards supervision
Regulations set up Authorized for personnel admin. to the extent approved by Higher Education Commission
Fully authorized for personnel & financial admin. & investment.
Fully authorized for personnel & financial admin. & investment.
Monitoring & evaluation
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University MissionsTeaching
Research
Rendering academic services
Preserving and promoting art & culture
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University Governance
Public universities
•Operate under their own university act as governmental unit•Autonomy in academic admin. through university council’s approval•Financial & personnel admin. to comply with gov’t rules & regulations •Staff status as civil servants•Funding from government in form of program budgeting
Autonomous universities
•Operate under their own university act as governmental unit•Full autonomy in academic, financial & personnel admin. through university council’s approval•Staff status as university employee•Staff hired on contractual basis•Funding from government in form of block grant
Private HEIs
•Operate under Private Higher Education Institutions Act•Autonomy in academic, personnel & financial admin.•Same treatment as public/autonomous public uni. in terms of quality & standards supervision•Total funding from their own revenue
Type of Universities
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Relationship: University Autonomy VS Government Regulations & OHEC Role
Type of Universities
Autonomy/Regulations OHEC RoleAcademic
admin.Personnel
admin.Financial admin. Policy HE
standardsFinancial support
Monitoring &
evaluation
Autonomous Universities Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy
Public Universities
Autonomy Partialautonomy
Gov. regulated
Private HEIs Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy
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Grouping of Universities
Research/
graduate university
Specialized/
comprehensive university
Community college
Liberal Arts university
University
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4 Groups of UniversitiesResearch/graduate university• Focus on producing graduates at graduate study level
esp. doctoral level including post-doctoral research
Specialized/comprehensive university• Focus on producing specialized graduates in specific
fields of study and vocational training
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4 Groups of UniversitiesLiberal Arts university• Focus on producing graduates at bachelor’s degree level• Provide graduate studies esp. at master’s degree level
Community college• Focus on producing graduates below bachelor’s degree
level• Produce manpower to serve the needs of communities
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The Relationship between Policy Formulating Bodies and Higher Education
Policy Statement of the Council of Ministers delivered to the National
Assembly
National Administrative Plan
Ministerial Operational Plan (4- year plan)
Ministerial Yearly Operational Plan
Request for Fiscal Budget Expenditure for each institution Fiscal Budget
Contract of Ministry / Department
H E Development Plan
• 5-year Plan
• 15-year Long Range
Plan
• Other specific plans
National Plans
• National Economic and Social Dev. Plan
• National Education Plan
• Plan of other relevant agencies
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Quality Aspect• University Council’s functions are to set university policy and directions and approve the delivery of programs of study in line with relevant HE standards criteria set by OHEC, i.e. HE standards criteria, TQF, and supervision through QA mechanism at the levels of study programs, faculty and institution.
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Quality AspectNational Qualifications Framework for Education (NQF)
• Launched in 2013 by Office the Education Council• 9 levels of competencies; 1. Lower secondary education 2. Upper secondary education 3. Certificate in vocational education 4. Diploma in vocational education 5. Bachelor’s degree 6. Graduate diploma 7. Master’s degree 8. Higher graduate diploma 9. Doctorate
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Quality Aspect• Thai Qualifications Framework for Higher Education (TQF)
• Launched in 2009
• 6 levels of Qualifications: Advanced Diploma, Bachelor, Graduate Diploma, Master, Higher Graduate Diploma, Doctorate
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Thai Qualifications Framework for HE
TQF Domains of
learning outcomes
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Quality Aspect• Universities encouraged to apply TQF to their programs of study - IQA at the level of programs of study
• TQF and QA as main mechanisms to promote student mobility nationally and internationally and mutual recognition of qualifications
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Quality AspectInternal and External QA Systems• National Education Act of 1999 stipulated Internal and
External QA Assessment
• Internal QA conducted by universities and OHEC
• External QA conducted by Office for National Education Standards and Quality Assessment (ONESQA) every five years
• IQA and TQF promotes increased student mobility, credit transfer, and mutual recognition of qualifications
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Relationship between IQA and EQA
Institutional Operation
Institution’s Assessment
Self Assessment Report
Site Visits
Evaluation Report Monitoring
Audit by Parent
Organization once every
3 years
Feedback
Feedback
External Quality AssuranceInternal Quality Assurance
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Quality Aspect• Ministerial Regulation regarding Systems, Regulations,
and Methods for IQA of 2010 encompasses both IQA and EQA at all levels of education.
• IQA System expanded to include quality assessment, inspection, and development
• Parent organizations to monitor and inspect educational quality at least once every 3 years, starting in 2013
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Quality Policy
Development QA system and
mechanisms
Encourage HEIs to develop IQA
Provide mechanisms
for quality audit &
assessment
Credit transfer and degree recognition
nationally and globally
National Qualifications
Framework
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Thank You
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