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History of Computers
Computer Technology Introduction
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History of Computers
• A computer is a machine that works with data or information in the form of numbers.
• From the beginning of time and throughout the years, people have been inventing many things that would help them count.
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COMPUTERS
• Why do we use computers?
• Who uses computers?
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ABACUS
• first form of a computer
• a counting and calculating device
• simple but powerful• invented by the
Chinese• uses beads in columns• still in use today
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ABACUS
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ABACUS
• Look at the picture of an Abacus.
• Notice that the beads are in columns.
• When you add and subtract, you may also put your numbers in columns.
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Punched Card
• Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine
• Babbage also designed the Analytical Engine
• Both machines were to be powered by steam and punch cards to operate and turn gears
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Charles Babbage
• tried to build a machine that would be able to do many of the things modern computers could do today
• he was never successful in completing his machines because the parts he needed to complete his work had yet to be invented
• he was a man before his time• he is well known as the “Father of Computers”
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Charles Babbage
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Charles Babbage
Even though Babbage could not make his computers work, he did establish the four functions of a computer that we use with all computers today.
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Four Functions of the Computer
• Input• Processing • Output• Storage
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InputExamples of input devices:
•Keyboard•Mouse•Scanner•Microphone•Digital Camera•Electronic Tablet•Digital Video Camera•PDA – Personal Digital Assistant
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DATA
Data -- a collection of unorganized facts, which can include text, numbers, sounds
and images.
Data entered into a computer is called
INPUT.
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PROCESSING
• The CPU -- Central Processing Unit is the “brain” of the computer.
• CPU processes the information or data.
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OUTPUT
Examples of Output devices:
•Monitor•Printer•Speakers•Headphones
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Output
• Output can be softcopy -- such as what appears on the monitor or what you hear through the headphones
• Output can be hardcopy (tangible) -- something you can touch.
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STORAGEExamples of Storage devices:
•Diskette•Hard Drive•CD ROM•DVD•Flash Drive (Jump Drive)•Zip Drive•Tape Drive
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DATA
The processed results are called OUTPUT.
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Herman Hollerith
• invented the Tabulating Machine• was used successfully to speed up the work
involved in taking the government census• used punch cards to record and sort data or
information• began a company called the Computing-
Tabulating-Recording Company
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Herman Hollerith
Hollerith’s company was later named
IBMInternational Business
Machines
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ENIAC
• Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator
• first truly electronic-based computer
• used vacuum tubes• provided on/off switches• more than 18,000 switches• large system
John Mauchly with ENIAC
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ENIAC
John Mauchly built the
ENIAC with J. Presper Eckert
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Vacuum Tube
• used in the ENIAC
• was one of the most important technological developments in the history of computers
• looked like long light bulbs
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Vacuum Tube
was an electronic device that controlled the flow
of electricity in the computer
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TRANSISTORS
• Transistors -- in 1950’s transistors replaced the vacuum tubes to control the flow of electricity in computers. Transistors were considerably smaller in size and used less electricity.
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INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
• Integrated Circuit or Chip -- In 1960’s the first integrated circuit was designed. It was the next great invention in the development of computers.
• This chip combines all the electronic parts a computer needs to run in one small place. It is about the size of your fingernail. A single chip contains circuits or pathways upon which electricity flows throughout the computer.
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MICROPROCESSOR
• A microprocessor is an integrated circuit that not only contains electronic circuits but also memory storage for a computer.
• Microprocessors contain arithmetic, logic, and control units necessary for the operation of a computer. Aside from computers, microprocessors can also be found today in appliances and cameras.
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For more information, click the link to visit http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000984.htm
This concludes our lesson on History of Computers