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History of Health Care
Primitive Human Beings
Egyptians Greeks Romans
Dark & Middle Ages Renaissance
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History of Health Care
Health care has developed and changed throughout history
Knowing the history will help you understand: current procedures, philosophies
Today’s achievements in medicine could not have occurred without the trials and errors of early medicine
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Early Beginnings5000 years ago
Had no electricity, few tools and poor shelterProtected themselves from predators and find foodSUPERSTITIOUS:
Believed that illness and disease were caused by supernatural spirits
Tribal doctors performed ceremonies to exorcise the evil spirits
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Early BeginningsThe primitive human beings used plants and herbs as medicine:
Chewed on the foxglove plant to strengthen or slow heartbeat (intravenously)
The bark of the cinchona tree to control fever, relieve muscle spasms and prevent malaria
Morphine came from opium poppy to relieve pain
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Medicine in Ancient TimesEGYPTIANS
Kept accurate health recordsSuperstitious and called upon the Gods to heal themLearned to identify certain diseasesLearned the art of splinting (pg. 291)
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Medicine in Ancient TimesGREEKS
Studied the cause of diseaseKept records on what they observedHelped eliminate superstitionReligious custom did not allow bodies to be dissected
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Medicine in Ancient TimesHIPPOCRATES (469-377 B.C.)
Father of medicineObservation of the external body – A&PKept careful notes of signs & symptoms of many diseasesSupernatural forces did not cause disease
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Medicine in Ancient Times
The Greeks observed and measured the effects of disease
Founded that disease was caused by a lack of sanitation
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Medicine in Ancient TimesROMANS
Learned from the Greeks and developed a sanitation system
Brought clean water into their cities
Built sewers to carry off waste
Built public baths
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Medicine in Ancient TimesROMANS
First to organize medical care
Sent medical equipment and physicians with their armies to care for the wounded soldiers
Established what we now call hospitals
Roman physicians kept a room in their houses for the ill
Wore death masks
The spice filled-beaks believed to protect them from infection and bad odors
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The Dark (A.D. 400-800) and Middle Ages (A.D. 800-1400)
The Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns (nomads from the north)
The study of medicine stopped for a period of 1,000 years
Terrible epidemics caused millions of deaths
Bubonic Plague (60 mil) Diphtheria Tuberculosis
Smallpox Syphilis
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The Dark (A.D. 400-800) and Middle Ages (A.D. 800-1400)
Medicine was practiced only in convents-Nuns and monasteries-MonksChurch believed that life and death were in the hands of GodMonks and Nuns had no interest in how the body functionedHerbs were still used and care was custodial
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The Renaissance (A.D. 1350-1650)
The
Rebirth
of
Learning
Medicine
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The Renaissance (A.D. 1350-1650)
Universities and medical schools were built for research
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The Renaissance (A.D. 1350-1650)
The search began for new ideas about disease rather than accepting disease as the will of God
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The Renaissance (A.D. 1350-1650)
The acceptance of dissection of the body for study
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The Renaissance (A.D. 1350-1650)
Greater access to knowledge was developed by publishing books from the research that was recorded
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Vocabulary Terms
Era Intravenously Monasteries
Predators Accurate Custodial
Superstitious Observation Dissection
Exorcise Convents