Transcript
Page 1: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book
Page 2: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book
Page 3: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

The letter o in the stem changes to ue in all forms except nosotros and vosotros.

Example: Contar Cuento, Cuentas, Cuenta, Contamos, Contais, Cuentan

There are many O:UE stem-changing verbs, including:

* almorzar, morir, aprobar, mostrar, colgar, mover, contar, probar, costar, recordar, devolver, resolver, volver, dormir, sonar, encontrar, envolver, costar, morder, volar, etc.

Page 4: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

The letter e in the stem changes to ie in all forms except nosotros and vosotros.

Example: cerrar Cierro, Cierras, Cierra, Cerramos, Cerrais, Cierran

There are many I:IE stem-changing verbs, including:

* Acertar,Encender, Advertirto, Entender, Cerrar, Fregar, Comenzar, Hervir, Confesar, Mentir, Consentir, Negar, Convertir, Pensar (en), Defender, Perder, Empezar, Preferir

Page 5: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

The letter e in the stem changes to I in all forms except nosotros and vosotros.

Example: Repetir Repito, Repites, Repite, Repetimos, Repetis, Repiten.

There are many E:I stem-changing verbs, including:

* Bendecir (*), Impedir, Colegir, Maldecir (*), Competir, Medir, Conseguir, Pedir, Corregir, Perseguir, Decir (*), Reír, Despedir, Repetir, Elegir, Seguir, Freír, Servir, Gemir, sonreír

Page 6: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

-AR -ER- -IR

YO -0 -o -o TU -as -es -es

El, Ella, Ud. -a -e -e Nosotros -amos -emos -imos Vosotros -áis -éis -is

Ellos, Ellas, Uds. -an -en -en

Page 7: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book
Page 8: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

ING- Ar- ando Er/Ir- endo - yendo

Page 9: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Gustar- to like

Fascinar- to fascinate

Doler- to hurt

Molestar- to bother

Faltar- to lack

Me Gusta Gustan

Te Falta Faltan

Le Duele Duelen

Nos Fascina Fascinan

Les Molesta Molestan

Page 10: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Present tense since & far

Preterite tense ago

Hace + Time + Que + Verb

Examples: Hace tres dias que tengo problemas con pedro.

= I have had problems with Pedro for three days.

Page 11: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

El preterito- a definite time in the past with a beginning and/or ending.

Hablar Comer Escribir

Yo Hablé Comí Escribí

Tú Hablaste Comiste Escribiste

Ud Habló Comió Escribió

Nos Hablamos Comimos Escribimos

Uds Hablaron Comieron Escribieron

Page 12: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Ayer- Yesterday

Anteayer- the day before yesterday

A las ocho- 8 o’clock

El míercoles- Wednesday

El día anterior- the day before

El lunes pasado- last Monday

El fin de semana- last weekend

Ayer por la mañana- yesterday morning

El otro día- the other day

Una vez- one time/once

Asta tarde- this afternoon

Asta noche- tonight

Entonces- then

Desde el primer momento- from the 1st moment

Durante dos siglos- during 2nd century

En es momento- in that moment

Hace dos dias- 2 days ago

Page 13: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Tocar Jugar Comenzar

Yo Toqué Jugué Comencé

Tú Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste

Ud Tocó Jugó Comenzó

Nos Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos

Uds Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron

Page 14: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

ir

ir-to go ser-to be

hice

fuimos

fuiste fuisteís

fue fueron

dar-to give ver-to see

d/v-i

d/v-iste

d/v-io

d/v-imos

d/v- isteís

d/v- ieron

hacer-to make or do

fui

hiciste

hizo

hicimos

hicisteís

hicieron

Page 15: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Andar / anduv- Estar / estuv – Poder / pud- Poner / pus- Querer / quis- Saber / sup- Tener / tuv- Vener / vin-

Conducir / conduj- Producir / produj- Traducir / traduj-

Decir / dij- Traer / traj-

• e •iste •o •imos •isteis •ieron

Page 16: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Dormir-

Yo Dormi Nos Dormimos

Tu Dormiste Vos Dormisteis

Ud Durmió Uds Durmieron

Yo Pedi Nos Pedimos

Tu Pediste Vos Pedisteis

Ud Pidio Uds Pidieron

Pedir-

Page 17: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Leer, creer, & oir change I to y in the 3rd person.

Page 18: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Accent on third to last syllable. có ma lo

Does not connect to negative commands. no la coma

CAN NOT hook on to a preterite!

yo lo comí comilo bad

D.O.P. can only hook on in three instances:

Infinitive (voy a comerlo)

Affirmative commands (¡Bébela!)

Gerunds (Estoy comiéndolo)

Me Nos

Te Os

Lo, la Los, Las

Page 19: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Tu- simply drop the ‘s’

Los irregulares- TVDISHES

Tenga

Venga

Vaya

Sea

Haga

Esté

Sepa

Tu- put it in the yo form

Los irregulares-

Di

Haz

Ve

Pon

Sal

Se

Ten

Ven

Page 20: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Put it in the yo form and change to the opposite vowel

Los irregulares- TVDISHES

Tenga

Venga

Vaya

Sea

Haga

esté

sepa

Page 21: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

She gave it to me = Me lo dio.

Give it to him = Déselo.

She hit him = Lo pegó.

Me Te Le Nos Os Les

Page 22: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb

Example: Se vende fruta en la frutería

When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person

Example: Aquí se habla español. .

Se can be used in all tenses. A) Se hizo mucho.

B) Se hará mucho.

C) Se había hecho.

Page 23: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

1. Past Participles As Adjectives

2. El Futuro & ir+a+infinitive

3. Los Adjectivos Demonstrativos

4. Mandatos Formales

5. Modal Verbs

6. Reflexives

7. Saber vs. Conocer

8. Imperfecto

Page 24: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

For conjugating these types of past participles, you simply take off the ending and add ad0 for –ar verbs and ido for –er/-ir verbs.

-ar verbs

-ado -er verbs

-ir verbs

-ido

Page 25: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Abrir abierto (open)

Cubrir cubierto (covered)

Decir dicho (said)

Escribrir escrito (written)

Freír frito (fried)

Hacer hecho (done)

Morir muerto (dead)

Poner puesto (put)

Resolver Resuelto (resolved)

Romper roto (broken)

Ver visto (seen)

Volver vuelto (returned)

Page 26: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Infinitive + Ending

Endings are all the same for ar/er/ir verbs.

é

á emos

éis

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Decir Dir

Hacer Har

Poder Podr

Poner Pondr

Querer Querr

Saber Sabr

Salir Saldr

Tener Tendr

Valer Valdr

Venir Vendr

Page 28: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Example:

Yo voy a visitar mi abuela.

I’m going to visit my grandma.

Page 29: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Put it IN FRONT OF the noun it modifies

Make sure its agrees with number and gender

Singular Plural

Este/Esta (This) Estos/Estas (These)

Ese/Esa (that) Esos/Esas (Those)

Aquel/Aquella (that over there)

Aquellos/Aquellas (those over there)

Page 30: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

-AR

-ER

-IR

Page 31: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Affirmativos Negativos

Dí Tengas

Haz Vengas

Ve Dés, digas

Pon Vayas

Sal Seas

Sé Hagas

Ten Estés

Ven Sepas

Page 32: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

Ir + a + infinitive going to do something

Deber + infinitve should do something

Tener que + infinitve to have to do something

Poder + infinitive are able to do something

Querer + infinitive want to do something

Page 33: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

They can be: Attatched to the infinitive

Attatched to the present participle

Attatched to an affirmative command

Attatched to the conjugated verb

When attatched, add an accent to the proper syllable. (third to last)

ME, TE, SE, NOS, OS, SE

Page 34: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

To know facts or information

To know people, places, things, or published works CONOCER

Page 35: Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book

A habitual action in the past; does not have a definite ending (MOVIE vs. snapshot)

-AR -ER/IR

YO -aba -ía

TU -abas -ías

El, Ella, Ud. -aba -ía

Nosotros -ábamos -íamos

Vosotros -abais -íais

Ellos, Ellas, Uds. -aban -ían


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